iiiii  1/ 

•J  C    - 


liiH 

m 


^3 


DEPARTMENT,  ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S  OFFICE 


r  i 


CIRCULAR  RELATIVE  TO 

Pay  of  Officers  and  Enlisted  Men 
of  the  Army 


COMPILED  BY  DIRECTION  OF 
THE   SECRETARY  OF  WAR 


By  Capt.  Johrson  Hagood,  Coast  Artillery  Corps 


UC-NRLF 


^B    72    bMM 


WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT  PRli>. 
1907 


GIFT  OF 


n 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation. 


http://www.archive.org/details/circularrelativeOOunitrich 


•        e    t> 


WAR  DEPARTMENT,  ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S  OFFICE 
CIRCULAR  RELATIVE  TO 

Pay  of  Officers  and  Enlisted  Men 
of  the  Army 


COMPILED  BY  DIRECTION  OF 
THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR 


By  Capt.  Johnson  Hagood,  Coast  Artillery  Corps 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1907 


'i! 


CONTENTS. 


General  Discussion. 

Pay  of  enlisted  men:  Page. 

General  considerations 8 

Inducements  offered  by  the  Army % 8 

Characteristics  of  the  soldier 8 

Effect  of  pay  on  original  enlistments 9 

The  advantages  of  army  life  compared  with  those  of  civil  life 9 

Rates  of  pay;  when  fixed  {see  also  Exhibit  B,  p.  29) 10 

Comparison  with  wages  in  civil  life   {see  also  Exhibits  F,  G,  and  H, 

pp.  39,43,49) 10 

The  soldiers'  allowances ;  clothing,  rations,  etc 11 

Married  soldiers 12 

Retirement  and  pensions ]3 

Enlistments  and  reenlistments 13 

Strength  of  the  Army,  authorized  and  actual 14 

Desertions ;  causes  of  desertions 14 

Discharge  by  purchase 15 

Rates  of  pay  of  other  armies 15 

Comparison  with  Great  Britain  and  Canada  {see  also  Exhibit  E,  p.  33) 16 

Comparison  with  other  countries 17 

Pay  of  officers: 

Existing  rates  of  pay 18 

Allowances 18 

Cost  of  living  in  the  Army 22 

Appointments  to  the  Army 24 

Vacancies 25 

Resignations 26 

Exhibit  A. 

Recruiting  circular  for  the  Canadian  army  showing  character  of  service,  rates 

of  pay,  and  allowances 27 

Exhibit  B. 

Existing  rates  of  pay  for  enlisted  men  of  the  United  States  Army.      ., 29 

Exhibit  C. 

Character  of  service  in  foreign  armies 31 

Exhibit  D. 

Comparative  statement  of  sales  price  of  subsistence  stores,  1899  and  1907 32 

Exhibit  E. 

Comparison  between  the  pay  of  enlisted  men  of  the  British  army  and  that 
of  the  American  Army.     (A  report  from  Maj.  John  H.  Beacom  of  the  Sixth 

Infantry,  military  attache,  London,  England,  February  17,  1905) 33 

3 


345913 


4  CONTENTS. 

,    «*    T  t^  :  %^^      Exhibit  F. 

Rates  1^ ^1^5"  ci'^^lt^  p?)ri^e  fopco  of  various  cities  of  the  United  States,  Canada, 
and  Cuba,  and  the  increases  that  have  been  made  therein  in  recent  years: 

New  York  City,  N.  Y 39 

Washington,  D.  C ; 40 

Montreal,  Quebec 40 

Chicago,  111 40 

New  Orleans,  La 40 

Kansas  City,  Mo 40 

Baltimore,  Md 41 

Buffalo,  N.  Y 41 

St.  Louis,  Mo 41 

Pittsburg,  Pa 41 

Newark,  N.J 41 

San  Francisco,  Cal 41 

Havana,  Cuba 42 

Boston,  Mass 42 

Milwaukee,  Wis 42 

Indianapolis,  Ind 42 

Louisville,  Ky 42 

Cleveland,  Ohio 42 

Exhibit  G. 

Rates  of  pay  of  skilled  and  other  laborers  in  the  Government  employ,  and 

increases  therein  in  recent  years 43 

Employees  of  the  Engineer  Department  on  river,  harbor,  and  fortifica- 
tion work: 

Seattle,  Wash 43 

Memphis,  Tenn 43 

Savannah,  Ga 43 

Norfolk,  Va 43 

San  Francisco,  Cal 44 

New  London,  Conn 44 

Pittsburg,  Pa 44 

Baltimore,  Md 45 

Ro-jk  Island,  111 45 

Portland,  Oreg -. 45 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 45 

Milwaukee,  Wis 46 

New  York  City,  N.  Y 46 

Chattanooga,  Tenn 46 

Gantts  Quarry,  Ala 47 

J^mployees  of  the  Ordnance  Department: 

Watervliet  Arsenal,  N.  Y 48 

Springfield,  Mass 48 

Exhibit  H. 

Depletion  of  organizations  by  discharge,  desertion,  etc.,  and  men  leaving  the 
Army  to  accept  better  positions  in  civil  life;  with  remarks  thereon  by  organi- 
zation commanders  from  whom  the  data  was  collected: 
Coast  Artillery — 

Tenth  and  One  hundred  and  sixtieth  Companies,  Presidio,  San  Fran- 
cisco    49 

Twenty-sixth,    Sixty-fourth,   and    Ninety-second    Companies,    Fort 

Flagler,  Wash 50 

Twenty-seventh  Company,  Presidio,  San  Francisco 50 

Twenty-ninth  Company,  Presidio,  San  Francisco 50 

Thirty-eighth  Company,  Presidio,  San  Francisco 51 

Sixtieth  Company,  (depot  torpedo),  Presidio,  San  Francisco 51 

Sixty-fifth  Company,  Presidio,  San  Francisco 52 

Sixty-sixth  Company,  Presidio,  San  Francisco 52 

Sixty-seventh  Company,  Presidio,  San  Francisco 53 

Seventieth  Company,  Presidio,  San  Francisco 53 


CONTENTS.  5 

Depletion  of  organizations  by  discharge,  desertion,  etc.,  and  men  leaving  the 
Army  to  accept  better  positions  in  civil  life  ;  with  remarks  thereon  by  organi- 
zation commanders  from  whom  the  data  was  collected — Continued. 

Coast  Artillery— Continued.  Page. 

One  hundred  and  fifth  Company,  Presidio,  San  Francisco 53 

Second,  Twelfth,  and  One  hundred  and  thirty-first  Companies,  Fort 

H.  G.Wright,  New  York 54 

Seventh  Company,  Fort  Banks,  Mass 54 

Fifty-ninth  and  One  hundred  and  twenty-fourth  Companies,  Fort 

Andrews,  Mass 55 

Forty-fifth  Company,  Fort  Du  Pont,  Del .' 55 

Twenty-first  Company,  Fort  Howard,  Md 56 

One  hundredth  Company,  Fort  Terry,  New  York 56 

Forty-sixth    and    One    hundred    and    twentieth    Companies,    Fort 

Strong,  Mass 57 

One  hundred  and  seventh  Company,  Fort  Preble,  Me 57 

One  hundred  and  nineteenth  Company,  Fort  Mott,  N.  J 58 

Thirty-third  Company,  Fort  Columbia,  Wash ^ 59 

Eighty-ninth  Company,  Fort  Banks,  Mass 59 

Thirty-fourth  and  Ninety-third  Companies,  Fort  Stevens,  Oreg 60 

First  Band,  Third,  Nineteenth,  Thirty-sixth,  Ninety-ninth,  and  One 

hundred  and  forty-fourth  Companies,  Fort  Moultrie,  S.  C 61 

Fifty-sixth  Company,  Fort  Wads  worth.  New  York  Harbor 61 

Fiftieth  Company,  Fort  Wads  worth,  New  York 62 

Eighty-sixth  Company,  Fort  Wadsworth,  New  York 62 

Second  Band,  Fifth  and  Forty-ninth  Companies,  Fort  Williams,  Me. .  62 

Eighty-third  Company,  Fort  Revere,  Mass 63 

Eighth  Band,  Fort  Barrancas,  Fla 63 

Cavalry — 

Fourth  Cavalry,  Troop  G,  Fort  Snelling,  Minn 64 

Thirteenth  Cavalry,  Troop  H,  Fort  Myer,  Va 64 

Sixth  Cavalry,  Troop  F,  Fort  Meade,  S.  Dak 64 

Sixth  Cavalry,  Troop  D,  Fort  Meade,  S.  Dak 65 

Fourteenth  Cavalry,  Troop  M,  Yosemite  National  Park 67 

Fourteenth  Cavalry,  Troop  1,  Yosemite  National  Park 67 

Fourteenth  Cavalry,  Troop  G,  Presidio,  San  Francisco 67 

Fourteenth  Cavalry,  Troop  H,  Presidio,  San  Francisco 67 

Eighth  Cavalry,  Troop  F,  Fort  Yellowstone,  Wyo 68 

Second  Cavalry,  Troop  L,  Fort  Des  Moines,  Iowa "^     68 

Thirteenth  Cavalry,  Troop  M,  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans 68 

Thirteenth  Cavalry,  Troop  I,  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans 69 

Thirteenth  Cavalry,  Troop  L,  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans 69 

First  Cavalry,  Fort  Clark,  Tex 69 

Field  Artillery — 

Fourth  Regiment,  Vancouver  Barracks,  Wash 70 

Third  and  Sixth  Regiments,  Batteries  A,  D,  E,  and  F,  Fort  Riley,  Kans .  70 

Fifth  Regiment,  Battery  A,  Fort  Leavenw^orth,  Kans 73 

First  Regiment,  Battery  E,  Presidio,  San  Francisco,  Cal 73 

First  Regiment,  Battery  F,  Presidio,  San  Francisco,  Cal 73 

Blacksmiths  and  farriers 73 

Infantry — 

Third  Infantry,  Company  M,  Fort  Wright,  Wash 74 

Fourth  Infantry,  First  Battalion,  Fort  Mackenzie,  Wyo 75 

Seventh  Infantry,  Company  B,  Fort  Wavne,  Detroit,  Mich 76 

Twelfth  Infantry,  Companies  I,  K,  and  M,  Fort  Niagara,  N.  Y 76 

Fourteenth  Infantry,  Vancouver  Barracks,  Wash 78 

Twenty-first  Infantry,  Fort  Logan,  Colo 79 

Twenty-eighth  Infantry,  Matanzas,  Cuba 80 

Fourth  Infantry,  Fort  Thomas,  Ky 80 

Signal  Corps — 

Cable  boat  Cyrus  W.  Field 82 

Company  E 82 

Company  G 85 


(5  CONTENTS. 

Depletion  of  organizations  by  discharge,  desertion,  etc.,  and  men  leaving  the 
Army  to  accept  better  positions  in  civil  life;  with  remarks  thereon  by  organi- 
zation commanders  from  whom  the  data  was  collected — Continued. 

Ordnance  Department —  Page. 

Springfield  Armory,  Springfield,  Mass 85 

Watervliet  Arsenal,  Watervliet,  N.  Y 85 

Hospital  Corps:  Post  hospital,  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans 85 

Corps  of  Engineers:  Second  Battalion,  Company  H,  Washington  Bar- 
racks, D.  C 86 

Detachment:  West  Point 86 

Kecruiting  depot,  Fort  Slocum,  N.  Y 88 

Eecruiting  station,  Kansas  City^  Mo 88 

Exhibit  I. 

Reports  covering  special  subjects,  which  are  printed  as  a  whole: 

Report  of  Colonel  Gardener,  commanding  the  Sixteenth  Infantry 89 

General  remarks  on  pay  of  officers  and  men 90 

Frequent  changes  of  company  commanders 91 

Changes  of  station  by  Sixteenth  Infantry  since  1898,  with  number  of 

miles  traveled 92 

Report  of  Captain  Foster  (comparisons  in  the  pay  of  men  in  the  Commis- 
sary and  Quartermaster's  departments  and  men  occupying  similar  posi- 
tions in  civil  life) 98 

Report  of  Captain  Roberts,  Seventh  Infantry  (at  the  grand  review  at 
American  Lake,  before  distinguished  soldiers  of  many  nations,  his  com- 
pany appeared  with  1  oflBcer  and  13  men  in  ranks) 99 

Report  of  an  infantry  captain  relative  to  personal  expenses 100 


Circular.]  War  Department, 

Washington,  November  19,  1907. 
The  following  compilation  relative  to  pay  of  officers  and  enlisted 
men  of  the  Army  is  published  for  the  information  of  officers  and  en- 
listed men  of  the  Army  and  all  others  concerned. 

Robert  Shaw  Oliver, 

Acting  Secretary  of  War. 

The  Adjutant-General,  U.  S.  Army, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report: 

Acting  under  verbal  instructions  from  the  Acting  Secretary  of 
War,  I  have  collected  and  submit  herewith  certain  information 
bearing  upon  the  question  of  increased  pay  for  the  Army. 

It  may  be  well  to  explain  why  thfs  information  has  been  collected. 
At  the  last  session  of  Congress,  Senator  Charles  Dick,  of  Ohio,  and 
Hon.  A.  B.  Capron,  of  Rhode  Island,  introduced  a  bill  to  increase 
the  pay  of  the  Army,  Navy,  Marine  Corps,  and  Revenue-Cutter 
Service  (H.  R.  21400,  Fifty-ninth  Congress,  second  session).  During 
the  hearings  before  the  House  Committee  on  Military  Affairs  certain 
officials  of  the  War  and  Navy  Departments  were  called  before  the  com- 
mittee and  questioned  upon  the  subject  of  the  bill  under  discussion. 
I  was  among  those  who  appeared  before  the  committee. 

In  the  course  of  the  examination  one  of  the  members  of  the  com- 
mittee (Mr.  Prince)  said: 

In  this  army  and  navy  and  marine  corps  bill  you  desire  to  change  the  law  and,  of 
course,  the  salaries.  *  *  ^  Do  you  not  think  that  in  common  fairness  to  this 
committee,  who  represent  the  whole  country,  you  should  submit  to  us  in  detail  the 
reasons  why  this  change  should  be  made? 

Many  questions  were  asked  by  members  of  the  committee  bearing 
upon  conditions  generally  throughout  the  Army  relative  to  desertions, 
discharges  by  purchase,  reenlistments,  etc.,  at  different  posts  and  in 
different  sections  of  the  country;  cost  of  living  at  army  posts  as 
compared  with  that  in  civil  life  and  as  compared  with  that  in  foreign 
armies;  the  pay  of  officers  and  men  of  other  armies  compared  with 
that  of  our  own,  and  other  allied  topics,  which  could  not  be  answered 
with  any  degree  of  satisfaction  at  that  time,  because  no  data  upon 
these  subjects  had  been  collected.  The  Chief  of  Staff,  in  his  testi- 
mony, stated  that  if  such  information  was  desired,  he  would  have  it 
collected  and  would  present  it  when  desired,  and  the  chairman  of  the 
committee  stated  that  he  thought  it  would  be  well  to  get  together 
all  such  information  for  the  use  of  the  committee.  It  was  then  late' 
in  the  session,  no  agreement  was  reached  by  the  committee  upon  the 
subject  of  the  bill,  and  Congress  adjourned  without  taking  any  action 
thereon. 

In  July  last  it  was  ascertained  that  Messrs.  Dick  and  Capron 
intended  to  introduce  another  bill "  along  the  same  lines  at  the  open- 
ing of  the  next  session  of  Congress,  and  that  they  desired  the  Depart- 
ments to  be  prepared  to  make  a  presentation  of  this  matter  before 
the  military  committees  of  the  House  and  Senate,  and  instructions 
were  given  by  the  President  to  the  Acting  Secretary  of  War  to  have 

a  This  bill  has  subsequently  been  introduced — H.  R.  2,  60th  Congress,  first  session. 

7 


8  PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF    THE   ARMY. 

prepared  for  Mr.  Capron  whatever  data   he  might  desire  in  connec- 
tion with  the  bill. 

As  no  definite  lines  have  been  laid  down  as  to  what  was  wanted,  I 
have  had  to  use  my  own  judgment  in  the  matter,  which  is  based  upon 
personal  consultations  with  Senator  Dick  and  Mr.  Capron,  and  upon 
my  own  experience  at  the  hearings  upon  the  bill  last  year,  during  all 
of  which  I  was  present. 

PAY  OF  ENLISTED  MEN* 

GENERAL   CONSIDERATIONS. 

In  considering  the  question  of  pay  of  enlisted  men,  it  is  well  to 
keep  in  mind  certain  fundamental  conditions. 

In  the  first  place,  the  American  soldier  in  time  of  peace  is  very 
much  like  every  other  type  of  American  citizen,  in  that  he  becomes 
a  soldier,  and  he  remains  a  soldier,  for  what  he  can  get  out  of  it.  Just 
so  soon  as  he  decides  that  he  can  get  more  out  of  civil  life  than  he 
can  out  of  the  Army,  then  he  is  going  to  refuse  to  enlist  or  to  reenlist 
as  the  case  may  be.  Of  course  it  is  not  intended  to  imply  that  what 
the  soldier  gets  out  of  the  Army  is  a  money  consideration  or  that  it 
is  something  that  can  be  measured  by  dollars  and  cents.  The  Army, 
on  the  one  hand,  offers  certain  inducements;  civil  life,  on  the  other 
hand,  offers  certain  other  inducements,  and  every  time  a  man  enlists 
or  reenlists  he  carefully  weighs  the  one  against  the  other.  For 
many  years  the  inducements  offered  by  the  Army  so  far  overbal- 
anced those  offered  by  civil  life  that  there  was  no  difficulty  in  keeping 
the  Army  recruited.  Within  the  last  few  years,  however,  the  diffi- 
culty has  increased  more  and  more,  until  at  the  present  time  it  looks 
as  though  the  very  maintenance  of  the  Army  under  present  condi- 
tions is  threatened. 

Inducements. — What  are  the  inducements  which  the  Army  offers? 
That  depends  upon  the  individual.  Every  recruit  is  asked  what  his 
object  is  in  enlisting.  The  great  majority  answer:  ''Love  of  the 
service,"  or  ''Like  the  life,''  when  as  a  matter  of  fact,  not  having 
tried  it  they  know  nothing  of  it.  The  last  thing  a  recruit  thinks  of 
before  first  enlistment  is  the  pay.  He  enlists  to  get  away  from  home, 
to  see  the  world,  through  spirit  of  adventure,  disappointment  over  his 
situation,  inability  to  improve  it,  or  just  plain  despair;  the  love  of 
"military  glory"  and  "brass  buttons"  also  counts  at  the  age  of  21. 
A  very  short  time,  however,  after  he  reaches  his  station  he  finds 
that  the  pay  is  one  of  the  principal  things  a  soldier  thinks  about. 
Pay  day  is  the  epoch  from  which  a  soldier  dates  his  time. 

Characteristics. — One  characteristic  of  the  soldier  has  always  been 
that  he  talked  a  great  deal  about  what  he  can  "make  on  the  outside." 
The  young  soldier  generally  gave  some  explanation  or  excuse  for 
being  in  the  service  and  bragged  about  what  he  was  going  to  do  when 
his  enlistment  was  up.  He  usually  got  very  little  sympathy  from  his 
older  comrades,  who  almost  always  made  fun  of  his  aspirations  and 
drew  verbal  pictures  of  him  performing  some  ignominious  work  and 
finally  drifting  back  to  "  take  on,"  as  they  call  enlisting.  The  soldiers 
spent  much  of  their  time  joking  or  joshing  each  other  in  a  rather  per- 
sonal way,  and  a  favorite  manner  of  doing  this  was  by  jocular  remarks 
about  each  other's  previous  or  future  occupation  in  civil  life,  real  or 
imagined.     The  end  of  a  soldier's  enlistment  was  quite  an  event  in  his 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF   THE   ARMY.  9 

life.  Even  if  he  intended  to  reenlist  the  next  day,  he  often  made  con- 
siderable preparations  for  his  discharge,  thought  up  a  scheme  for  going 
on  furlough,  or  even  going  on  a  two-day's  pass,  which  he  could  get  at 
any  other  time.  When  discharged  he  put  on  civilian  clothes,  hung 
around  the  barracks  in  them,  or  went  over  to  the  near-by  village  and 
explained  why  he  was  going  to  'Hake  on"  again,  how  certain  parties 
failed  him  at  the  last  moment  or  he  would  have  had  a  good  job  '^  on  the 
outside,"  and  how  he  had  decided  to  '^  take  on"  just  once  more.  Now, 
what  was  his  real  reason  for  reenlisting?  Nothing  more  nor  less  than 
that  he  decided  that  he  could  not  do  better  on  the  outside,  and  that  he 
would  do  better  by  remaining  a  soldier.  Therefore  he  reenlisted. 
To-day  all  of  this  is  changed.  The  good  job  on  the  outside  material- 
izes and  the  discharged  soldier  loses  no  time  in  thinking  it  over,  but 
hurries  away  from  the  post,  often  to  advise  others  to  keep  away  from 
the  Army.  I  have  diverged  rather  far  from  the  beaten  path  of  an 
official  report  in  order  to  bring  out  the  point  that  no  greater  mistake 
could  be  made  than  to  assume  that  the  mere  question  of  pay,  or  the 
question  of  comparative  pay  in  civil  life  is  not  given  much  thought  by 
tne  soldier.  On  the  contrary  it  is  one  of  his  principal  topics  of  thought 
and  of  conversation. 

Original  enlistments. — What  bearing  has  the  question  of  pay  upon 
original  enhstments  ?  It  has  already  been  said  that  the  recruit  gives 
very  little  thought  to  the  exact  number  of  dollars  he  is  going  to  receive 
as  pay.  But  in  considering  the  question  of  enlistment  he  is  influenced 
by  such  vague  ideas  of  the  Army  as  he  can  gather  in  his  limited  sur- 
roundings. Some  of  these  ideas  he  gets  from  the  newspapers  and 
general  knowledge  of  what  military  life  is,  but  the  most  of  them  are 
formed  from  what  he  hears  said  by  others  who  have  served  in  the 
Army.  A  discharged  or  furloughed  soldier  comes  back  to  the  village 
and  tells  of  his  experiences,  and  the  news  spreads.  One  disgruntled 
or  dissatisfied  soldier  can  spoil  a  whole  county  for  years  as  a  recruiting 
section.  Thus  the  question  of  making  more  on  the  outside  is  pre- 
sented to  the  recruit  in  an  indirect  manner  by  those  who  have  tried 
the  Army  and  do  not  like  it. 

Comparisons. — It  is  very  hard  to  make  comparisons  between  the 
advantages  and  disadvantages  of  a  soldier's  life  compared  to  the  life  of 
a  civilian.  The  soldier  is  comfortably  clothed,  housed,  and  fed.  He  is 
carefully  attended  when  he  is  sick,  and  in  addition  he  has  a  definite 
and  certain  though  relatively  small  income  at  the  end  of  each  month. 
He  is  absolutely  free  from  all  care  and  responsibility  for  his  own  sup- 
port. In  these  respects,  he  is  more  like  a  boy  off  at  school  than  a  man 
who  is  struggling  for  his  daily  bread  in  the  main  stream  of  life.  Yet, 
no  matter  what  his  elders  may  tell  him  of  the  joys  of  school  days  with 
its  freedom  from  responsibility,  every  boy  yearns  for  the  time  when  he 
can  throw  away  his  school  books  and  assume  these  same  cares  and 
responsibilities  which  mark  the  epoch  of  his  manhood. 

The  soldier  is  housed  in  a  barrack  squad  room,  well  heated,  well 
lighted,  and  yet  it  is  shared  by  some  30  other  men.  These  men  are 
always  there;  he  can  never  get  away  from  them.  It  offers  no  pri- 
vacy, nothing  of  what  the  human  being  always  demands  for  him- 
self— some  kind  of  a  home.  He  is  well  fed,  yet  it  is  always  the  same 
thing.  He  can  never  change  his  boarding  house,  no  matter  how 
much  he  may  tire  of  it.  J^d  then  there  is  reveille  and  taps,  and 
roll  calls  and.  drills.  He  must  always  go,  always  be  on  time.  He 
has  lost  that  sense  of  freedom;  and  yet,  with  it  all,  he  likes  the  life — 


10  PAY    OF    OFFICERS   AND    ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    AEMY. 

that  is,  he  hkes  it  sometimes,  and  then  again  sometimes  he  hates 
it,  and  always  he  thinks  of  whether  or  not  he  could  not  do  better  on 
the  outside.  This  brings  his  thoughts  back  to  his  home.  He  thinks 
of  his  brother,  set  up,  perhaps,  in  a  small  business  in  a  country- 
town,  married,  with  children,  owning,  may  be,  a  small  home  with 
a  mortgage  upon  it.  He  thinks,  perhaps,  of  the  good  days  when  he 
was  free  to  come  and  go  as  he  pleased,  and  if  he  did  not  like  his  job 
to  give  it  up  and  get  another,  of  some  girl  who  was  his  sweetheart, 
and  because  of  whom,  perhaps,  he  left  home  and  enlisted.  He  won- 
ders if  she  thinks  of  him  now,  and  whether  or  not  she  would  be  glad 
to  see  him  back.  In  other  words,  he  is  human;  he  is  a  young  man 
in  whose  veins  the  blood  runs  red  and  who  typifies  in  his  own  way 
that  which  we  call  the  American  citizen. 

Thus  the  soldier,  whether  he  be  in  garrison  or  in  the  field,  at  an 
island  coast  fort  or  in  the  Philippines,  is  always  thinking  of  home 
and  of  what  he  could  ''do  on  the  outside."  If  the  United  States 
desires  to  keep  soldiers,  it  is  necessary  that  at  least  a  goodly  per- 
centage of  them  shall,  when  the  time  comes,  decide  that  they  can 
not  do  better  on  the  outside  and  that  they  had  better  stay  in  the 
Army.  So  soon  as  this  balance  can  not  be  maintained,  then  soldiers 
will  not  stay  in  the  Army.  How  can  this  balance  be  maintained  in 
favor  of  the  Army  ?  Many  answers  can  be  given,  and  are  given — less 
frequent  changes  of  station  and  of  officers,  fewer  courts-martial,  resto- 
ration of  the  canteen,  building  gymnasiums  and  attractive  post 
exchanges,  and  a  thousand  others;  but  no  one  or  all  of  these  can 
accomplish  anything  unless  the  soldier  is  satisfied  when  pay  day 
comes  around  that  he  is  getting  what  he  earns. 

Pay,  v)hen fixed. — By  consulting  Exhibit  B,  on  page  29,  it  will  be  seen 
that  for  the  line  of  the  Army  the  base  pay  of  a  sergeant  is  $18  a  month, 
of  a  corporal  $15,  and  of  a  private  $13.  In  1854  the  corresponding 
rates  were  $17,  $14,  and  $12.  From  1864  to  1871  the  rates  were  $20, 
$18,  and  $16,  respectively,  so  that  the  great  mass  of  enlisted  men  get 
less  pay  to-day  than  they  did  forty  years  ago.  This  is  shown  graphic- 
ally on  opposite  page.  In  contrast  to  this,  the  wages  of  all  those  classes 
in  civil  life  from  whom  soldiers  are  drawn  have  increased  anywhere 
from  15  to  100  per  cent  and  the  pay  of  policemen  and  other  municipal 
employees  has  increased  in  some  cases  as  much  as  300  per  cent.  (See 
statistics  of  Bureau  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  shown  in  diagram  oppo- 
site page  22,  and  reports  on  pay  of  policemen,  pages  39-42. 

Wages  in  civil  life. — It  may  well  be  said,  of  course,  that  the  in- 
creased wages  of  civil  life  have  responded  to  the  increased  cost  in  the 
necessities  of  life,  the  burden  of  which,  in  the  case  of  soldiers,  has 
fallen  upon  the  Government  and  not  upon  the  soldiers  themselves. 
This  is  of  course  true  and  must  be  considered,  but  the  fact  remains 
that  the  soldier  has  been  affected  by  the  increased  standard  of  living  if 
not  by  the  increased  cost  of  the  necessities,  and  it  is  necessary  to  con- 
sider that  not  only  has  there  been  a  great  advance  in  ordinary  wages, 
but  there  has  been  a  corresponding  advance  in  the  wages  of  those  who, 
in  addition  to  actual  pay,  get  board,  lodging,  and  clothing.  Consider 
the  pay  of  certain  employees  of  large  corporations  and  of  farm  hands 
and  domestic  servants  wno  are  boarded  and  lodged  and  in  many  cases 
furnished  medical  attention  and  medical  supplies,  of  liveried  and  uni- 
formed employees  who,  in  addition  to  these,  get  clothing.  The 
advances  made  in  their  actual  pay  are  just  as  great  proportionately  as 
that  of  any  other  emplo^^ees. 


UVA&ES    TAtiEN  FROM   HEPOflT  OF  SEAIATE  r//VAtfC£     COMMITTEE 
A/VO    BUILET/A/  OF  TME  3(/f^£AU    OF  LABOHj    W06. 


4 


Si 

I 


I 


^S^^55^^§§lsg§l^ 

I^i 

MM 

1 

i 

1 

1 

6i 

\ 

X                                  CO 

> 

!                 c5 

•^.. 

ftA 

J 

^s. 

C  < 

ij 

s 

\ 

0  6 

ii 

6S 

; 

AQ 

^•- 

L_     ..                       70 

1 

1 

7/ 

|_ 

\ 

7? 

\ 

1 

73 

* 

1 

/ 

7-4- 

1 

Li 

^                           Vf 

. 

y_ 

76 

^ 

■7  -T 

• 

f 

1 

l\ 

78 

1 

1 

\ 

79 

1 

\ 

-        3l         §? 

• 

1 

\ 

. 

1            ^/ 

• 

1 

\ 

oi 

• 

1 

/[ 

63 

t 

1 

! 

8f 

1 

II 

86 

- 

• 

1 

1 

67 

I 

1 

u 

AH 

^ 

• 

L-  V. 

no 

: 

N 

o9 

_       On 

• 

1 

0  / 

: 

1^ 

r\  r% 

J 

• 

Y 

1 

9Z 

&s 

■ 

1 

IJ 

> 

1 

n/r 

1 

Q  f 

■ 

1 

QR 

. 

1 

1 

QQ 

I 

II 

V 

1 

• 

i 

•s 

!^ 

no 

• 

1 

V 

• 

1 

I 

uo 

; 

J 

"jt 

04- 

0$ 

- 

_ 

, 

_    _  __. 

S^otg§^§§|ll§!l 

\\% 

PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   AEMY.  11 

Moreover,  whatever  theories  may  be  advancea  upon  this  subject, 
the  fact  can  not  be  controverted  that  soldiers  will  not  reenlist  and  that 
they  almost  invariably  give  as  their  reason  the  fact  that  they  can 
'^make  more  on  the  outside."  Abundant  evidence  of  this  exists,  and 
will  be  found  on  pages  49  to  100,  following. 

WHAT   DOES    THE    SOLDIER   DO    WITH   HIS    PAY? 

Many  persons  entertain  the  idea  that  soldiers,  being  supplied  with 
''allowances"  by  the  Government,  require  nothing  else  and  that  their 
pay  is  something  for  which  they  have  very  little  use.  A  private  sol- 
dier at  the  end  of  his  first  enlistment  is  getting  $14  a  month,  a  corporal 
$16,  and  a  sergeant  $19.  There  are  other  grades,  a  few  of  them,  of 
higher  rank  and  longer  service,  who  get  as  much  as  $75  a  month.  In 
the  entire  Army  there  are  62  of  this  latter  class — master  electricians — 
less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent  of  the  authorized  force.  The  great 
mass  of  the  Army  are  the  privates,  corporals,  and  sergeants  in  their  first 
enlistment,  so  that  it  is  this  class  of  men  that  we  must  consider.  The 
soldier's  allowances  consist  of  clothing,  rations,  lodgings,  medical 
attention,  and  medical  supplies. 

Clothing. — The  soldier  draws  a  certain  allowance  of  clothing  in  kind, 
the  value  of  which  for  each  enlistment  is  $169.29,  or  an  average  of 
$56.43  a  year.  If  he  does  not  draw  all  of  the  clothing  to  which  he  is 
entitled,  he  can  get  the  money  value  of  the  balance  upon  discharge. 
If  during  any  half  year  he  overdraws  his  clothing  allowance,  he  is 
charged  for  the  excess,  and  it  is  taken  out  of  his  pay.  The  clothing 
allowance  is  sufficient  for  the  average  soldier.  Some  make  a  saving 
out  of  it;  others  overdraw  their  allowance  and  have  the  excess  taken 
out  of  their  pay.  Out  of  the  clothing  allowance  comes  all  the  uniform 
the  soldier  wears — coat,  trousers,  overcoat,  hats,  shoes,  gloves,  etc., 
and  also  underclothing  and  the  soldier's  blankets.  He  is  not  provided 
with  handkerchiefs,  towels,  or  toilet  articles,  such  as  soap,  brushes, 
razor,  etc.  Bedding  other  than  blankets  is  provided  at  Government 
expense  and  not  charged  against  the  clothing  allowance.  The  cloth- 
ing as  issued  rarely  fits,  and  it  is  necessary  to  have  it  altered.  This 
altering  and  fitting  must  be  done  at  the  soldier's  expense,  out  of  his 
monthly  pay.  No  provision  is  made  for  repairing,  pressing,  or  clean- 
ing clothing  or  for  repairing  shoes.  Nearly  all  soldiers,  except 
recruits,  have  their  best  clothes  tailor  made  or  remade  at  their  own 
expense.  It  is  a  custom  of  the  service,  and  the  eye  detects  at  once 
any  soldier  who  appears  in  public  or  at  inspection  in  an  ' 'issue "  blouse 
that  has  not  been  recut  to  make  a  decent  fit.  The  difficulties  of  pro- 
viding a  ready-made  uniform  that  will  fit  are  of  course  much  greater 
than  that  of  providing  ready-made  civilian  clothes. 

Rations. — The  soldier  is  furnished  his  rations,  the  value  of  which 
is  about  20  cents  a  day.  They  are  cooked  for  him  and  served  to  him 
at  Government  expense.  But  this  does  not  mean  that  the  soldier 
spends  no  money  for  food.  The  meals  are  served  at  a  certain  hour 
each  day.  Often  the  soldier,  of  his  volition  or  on  account  of  official 
duties,  finds  it  impracticable  or  inconvenient  to  get  to  the  barrack 
mess  at  meal  time.  He  then  buys  a  lunch  or  meal  at  the  post  ex- 
change or  a  near-by  restaurant.  The  lunch  counter  at  the  post 
exchange  is  one  of  its  principal  features. 

Incidentals. — If  the  soldier  chooses  to  wear  civilian  clothes  he  must 
of  course  buy  them,  along  with  ties,  collars,  shirts,  and  all  other 


12  PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 

accessories.  On  account  of  the  prejudice  against  the.  uniform,  many 
soldiers  avoid  wearing  it  in  pubUc  places.  The  soldier  must  provide 
his  own  shoe  polish,  cleaning  materials  for  his  rifle  and  equipment, 
and  must  pay  for  his  laundry.  The  great  majority  of  men  who  come 
into  the  service  have  never  learned  to  shave  themselves,  and  they 
pay  $1  or  $1.50  a  month  to  some  barber  for  hair  cuts  and  shaves.  If 
a  soldier  breaks  any  of  the  table  crockery  when  he  is  washing  dishes, 
or  at  any  other  time,  he  must  pay  for  it.  If  any  article  of  Govern- 
ment property  is  stolen  from  him  or  misplaced  while  in  his  possession 
and  he  can  not  properly  account  for  it,  he  has  to  replace  it.  One  of 
the  regular  routine  papers  submitted  by  a  company  commander  each 
quarter  is  the  statement  of  charges  against  enlisted  men,  made  on 
pay  rolls,  for  broken  or  lost  crockery  ware. 

Amusements. — So  far  I  have  dealt  with  what  may  be  called  the 
soldiers'  necessities.  If  we  expect  to  keep  soldiers  in  the  Army  we 
must  also  consider  their  amusements.  The  average  young  working 
man,  whether  he  be  a  common  or  a  skilled  laborer  or  a  clerk  or  a 
railroad  man,  or  belong  to  any  of  those  classes  from  whom  we  can 
expect  to  get  soldiers,  if  he  be  single,  spends  a  good  portion  of  his 
wages  upon  his  personal  amusement.  He  has  his  tobacco,  his  beer, 
and  his  cheap  shows  and  his  pool  rooms,  and  if  he  has  nothing  else  to 
do  he  can  get  with  a  crowd  after  working  hours  and  hang  around 
some  street  comer  or  cigar  store.  The  soldier  craves  the  same  thing. 
He  gets  tired  of  the  humdrum  of  the  post  routine,  the  gymnasium 
and  the  athletic  sports  arranged  for  him.  They  bore  him,  and  he 
feels  that  he  must  get  off  occasionally  and  get  over  to  the  near-by 
town  or  village  and,  if  nothing  else,  loaf  around  and  look  in  the  shop 
windows.  In  order  to  give  himself  even  this  simple  recreation,  he 
must  pay  fare  on  some  train  or  trolley  car,  or,  in  the  case  of  coast 
artillery  posts,  pay  passage  on  some  boat.  The  posts  are  frequently 
so  far  from  these  little  towns  that  the  soldier  to  go  "on  pass"  must 
stay  away  all  night,  paying  for  his  lodging  and  meals. 

Sending  money  Jiom^e. — Some  soldiers  attempt  to  send  small  sums 
home  to  dependent  parents,  or  brothers,  or  sisters. 

Married  soldiers. — I  have  thus  far  considered  only  the  unmarried 
soldiers.  In  the  line  of  the  mobile  army  every  effort  is  made  to  dis- 
courage soldiers  from  marrying,  as  it  is  next  to  impossible  to  care  for 
their  families,  on  account  of  the  frequent  changes  of  station.  But  the 
post  noncommissioned  staff  officers  are  not  subject  to  such  frequent 
changes  of  station,  and  they  are  authorized  by  law  and  regulations  to 
have  separate  quarters.  The  authorized  allowance  is  one  room,  at  a 
cost  of  not  more  than  $12  a  month,  but  on  posts  they  are  provided 
with  small  cottages  of  four  or  five  rooms.  No  discouragement  is 
placed  in  the  way  of  these  men  marrying.  In  the  same  way  there  is 
a  belief  among  many  that  it  is  a  great  advantage  to  have  the  older 
sergeants  and  the  skilled  experts  of  the  Coast  Artillery  married,  as 
they  are  apt  to  remain  longer  with  their  organizations.  Such  a  sol- 
dier gets  established  at  some  post,  his  wife  does  some  work,  his  chil- 
dren go  to  school,  and  unless  he  decides  to  leave  the  service  altogether 
he  is  not  apt  to  leave  that  post.  In  the  Coast  Artillery  this  class  of 
old  noncommissioned  officers  steady  the  service.  On  account  of  their 
wives  and  daughters  they  feel  a  greater  responsibility,  they  feel  they 
must  keep  up  the  tone  of  service  and  its  esprit.  Upon  this  class  of 
men  falls  most  heavily  the  increased  cost  of  the  necessities  of  life. 
They  get  their  little  houses  on  the  post,  if  they  have  rank  enough, 


PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF   THE   ARMY.  13 

otherwise  they  rent  or  own  one  in  a  near-by  town.  If  on  the  post, 
they  can  get  fuel  from  the  quartermaster,  and  they  get  a  ration — $6 
worth  of  groceries  a  month — and  then  they  get  their  pay.  How  can 
they  and  their  famihes  exist  on  it  ?  There  is  many  an  old  soldier  who, 
after  years  of  service,  does  not  make  as  much  as  his  young  daughter, 
who  is  a  servant  girl  on  the  post. 

Retirement. — A  soldier,  after  serving  thirty  years,  is  entitled  to 
retirement  on  three-fourths  pay  and  $9  a  month  as  commutation  of 
allowances.  This  term  of  service  seems  pretty  long  to  a  man,  consid- 
ering the  question  of  reenlistment  for  the  first  time.  It  is  50  per 
cent  longer  than  that  required  of  the  Canadian  soldier.  If  at  any 
time  a  soldier  becomes  permanently  disabled,  whether  in  line  of  duty 
or  not,  he  is  discharged  upon  surgeon's  certificate.  There  is  no  such 
thing  as  retirement  for  disability  for  enlisted  men.  If  the  disability 
occurred  in  line  of  duty,  the  soldier  becomes  entitled  to  admission  to 
the  Soldiers'  Home.  This  places  hinj  upon  the  basis  of  a  military  pau- 
per. The  home  is  not  supported  by  the  Government,  but  by  invol- 
untary contributions  of  the  soldiers  themselves,  12  J  cents  a  month 
from  the  pay  of  each  soldier  in  the  Army.  Thus  the  disabled  soldier, 
as  far  as  the  Government  is  concerned,  is  dependent  upon  the  labori- 
ous process  of  prosecuting  a  claim  for  a  pension.  Of  course  it  goes 
without  saying  that  no  criticism  is  meant  by  me  of  the  method  in 
which  disabled  soldiers  are  looked  after  by  the  United  States,  and 
these  points  are  brought  out  only  to  indicate  that  retirement  for 
length  of  service  and  pensions  for  disability  incurred  in  time  of  peace 
are  not  very  great  inducements  to  hold  out  to  young  soldiers. 

Enlistments  and  reenlistments. — Going  over  the  records  of  the 
recruiting  service  back  as  far  as  1886,  there  appears  to  have  been  no 
difficulty  in  recruiting  the  Army  until  1901.  On  June  30  of  that  year 
the  actual  enlisted  strength  of  the  Army  was  74,310.  Since  that  time 
the  actual  strength  has  steadily  run  down  until  on  October  15,  1906,  it 
was  54,659,  and  on  October  15,  1907,  it  was  50,190  enlisted  men. 
During  this  period  (1901-1907)  the  authorized  strength  has  been 
reduced  from  77,287  to  69,861  enlisted  men.  The  difficulty  of  obtain- 
ing recruits  has  become  greater  and  greater.  It  has  become  neces- 
sary to  resort  to  special  advertising.  The  number  of  officers  on 
recruiting  duty  has  been  increased  from  58  on  June  30, 1904,  to  1 17  on 
June  30,  1907,  and  the  standard  of  acceptance  has  been  reduced  in 
that  the  percentage  of  rejections  of  applicants  has  been  much 
reduced. 

Still  greater  difficulty  is  experienced  in  the  matter  of  reenlistments. 
In  order  to  maintain  any  degree  of  efficiency,  it  is  necessary  to  have  in 
every  organization  a  certain  number  of  old  soldiers.  It  is  also  desir- 
able to  get  in  a  certain  amount  of  new  blood  from  time  to  time,  and  at 
times  in  the  history  of  the  Army  it  has  been  necessary  to  place  limita- 
tions upon  the  number  of  reenlistments.  In  1876  general  orders  were 
pubHshed  limiting  the  number  of  men  who  could  reenlist  to  those 
whose  character  was  exceptionally  good.  At  that  time  some  of  the 
batteries  of  artillery  did  not  have  a  single  man  who  was  not  drawing 
continuous-service  pay.  In  the  report  of  the  Adjutant-General  for 
the  year  1888  it  is  stated  that  72  per  cent  of  all  the  enlisted  men  in  the 
Army  had  had  more  than  three  years'  service. 

Limitation  on  reenlistments. — The  appropriation  bill  of  February  27, 
1893,  provided:  ''And  hereafter,  in  time  of  peace  *  *  *  no  pri- 
vate shall  be  reenlisted  who  has  served  ten  years  or  more  or  who  is  over 


14 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 


35  years  of  age,  except  such  as  have  already  served  as  enHsted  men  for 
twenty  years  or  upwards. ' '  The  comparative  condition  existing  to-day 
can  not  be  understood  without  consulting  the  statements  submitted 
by  organization  commanders  and  printed  herein  on  pages  49  to  100. 
Some  old  soldiers  reenlist  with  the  hope  of  rounding  out  their  thirty 
years  to  get  retirement.  Other  men  reenlist  under  regulations  pro- 
viding for  the  immediate  discharge  and  reenlistment  of  men  going  on 
foreign  service  and  of  men  attending  certain  of  the  service  schools, 
but,  as  is  shown  by  the  reports  referred  to,  the  great  majority,  when 
their  time  is  out,  leave  the  service,  and  the  result  is  that  organizations 
are  so  reduced  in  numbers  that  in  many  of  them  drills  and  practical 
instruction  have  become  a  farce. 

Shortages. — The  actual  and  authorized  enlisted  strength  of  the  four 
arms  of  the  service  on  October  15,  1907,  were  as  follows: 


Authorized 
strength. 


Actual 
strength. 


Shortage. 


Cavalry 

Field  Artillery 

Coast  Artillery  Corps 

Infantry 

Total  for  these  four  arms 


13,196 

5,245 

19, 321 

25, 650 


63, 412 


10,806 
2,859 
9,516 

20,053 


43,234 


2,390 
2,386 
9,805 
5,597 


20. 178 


Desertions. — Desertions,  like  failures  to  reenlist,  may  be  assignable 
to  many  different  causes,  but  when  a  man  has  what  he  considers  a 
good  job  he  is  not  likely  to  desert  it.  A  Government  job  is  generally 
looked  upon  as  a  good  thing  and  very  few  branches  of  the  Govern- 
ment are  troubled  to  any  extent  by  men  refusing  to  continue  in 
Government  employ,  even  when  to  give  up  such  employment  is 
wholly  voluntary.  We  do  not  usually  associate  with  the  position  of 
postmaster,  or  custom-house  employee,  or  policeman,  for  instance, 
the  idea  that  force  is  necessary  to  keep  them  filled,  or  that  it  is 
necessary  to  pass  laws  providing  that  if  a  man  accepts  such  a  position 
and  throws  it  up  he  shall  be  put  in  prison.  Yet  men  will  commit 
the  crime  of  desertion  to  get  out  of  the  Army,  apparently  for  no 
greater  reason  than  that  they  do  not  like  it. 

Maj.  Gen.  A.  W.  Greely,  commanding  the  Northern  Division,  in 
reporting  upon  the  causes  of  desertion,  says: 

Causes  of  desertion. — Ten  causes  of  desertion  arranged  in  order  of  their  importance 
by  31  selected  organization  commanders,  by  136  battery,  company,  and  troop  comman- 
ders, and  by  136  first  sergeants  serving  at  the  various  posts  of  the  division. 

Causes  of  desertion  in  order  of  importance  as  viewed  by: 


First 

Company 

ser- 

com- 

geants. 

manders. 

1 

1 

2 

3 

3 

2 

4 

7 

a5 

8 

6 

4 

7 

6 

8 

5 

9 

10 

10 

9 

Selected 
officers. 


Small  pay,  especially  noncommissioned  oflBcers,  and  high  wages  in  civil 
life '. 

Lack  of  canteen,  and  resultant  trouble  in  dives  surrounding  posts 

Low  standard  and  general  worthlessness  of  recruits 

Excessive  amount  of  nonmilitary  work 

Hardships  incurred  during  practice  marches,  especially  weekly 

Difficulties  arising  from  bad  habits 

Failure  of  recruits  to  appreciate  the  obligations  of  a  contract,  and  their 

ignorance  of  the  character  of  the  crime  of  desertion 

Probable  immunity  from  punishment  for  desertion,  and  belief  that 

little  effort  will  he  made  to  capture  them 

Almost  universal  hostile  attitude  of  civilians  toward  uniform 

Isolation  of  certain  posts  and  consequent  lack  of  amusements 


a  In  the  infantry  one-half  of  the  first  sergeants  place  this  cause  as  No.  1  or  No.  2. 


10 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   ARMY.  15 

The  first  sergeants  are  in  a  better  position  to  know  the  reasons  why  men  desert  than 
organization  commanders.  In  addition,  about  100  noncommissioned  officers  of  long 
service  were  questioned  by  the  division  commander  on  inspection.  About  80  per  cent 
gave  (1)  small  pay,  (2)  practice  marches,  and  (3)  lack  of  canteen  as  the  predisposing 
causes  of  desertion. 

The  above  opinions  are  entitled  to  great  weight,  inasmuch  as  they  represent  the 
mature  consideration  of  nearly  400  officers  and  noncommissioned  officers  of  company 
ozganizations,  cover  a  great  extent  of  country,  and  include  varied  fields  of  trade  and 
industry. 

The  percentage  of  desertions  in  the  Army  in  recent  fiscal  years  is 
as  follows: 

Per  cent. 

1895-1904 4.  5 

1902-1904 : 6. 1 

1905 6. 8 

1906 7.4 

Discharge  hy  purchase. — It  may  be  well  here  to  indicate  what  is 
meant  by  '  'discharge  by  purchase."  . Under  the  provisions  of  section 
4  of  the  act  of  Congress  approved  June  16,  1890,  the  President  pre- 
scribed rules  governing  the  purchase  of  discharge  from  the  Army. 
In  time  of  peace,  any  enlisted  man  who  has  completed  one  year's 
service  as  such  and  is  not  undergoing  punishment  or  under  charges 
may  obtain  the  privilege  of  purchasing  his  discharge,  subject  to  the 
approval  of  the  authority  competent  to  order  it.  The  price  of  pur- 
chase consists  of  the  travel  allowances  due  on  discharge,  retained  by 
the  United  States  in  all  cases,  and  in  addition  thereto,  the  following: 

After  1  year's  service $120 

After  2  years'  service 100 

After  3  years'  service 90 

After  4  years'  service -  85 

After  5  years'  service 80 

After  6  years'  service 65 

After  7  years'  service 60 

After  8  years'  service 55 

After  9  years'  service 40 

After  10  years'  service 35 

After  11  years'  service 30 

RATES  OF  PAY  OF  OTHER  ARMIES. 

The  question  naturally  arises  as  to  how  other  nations  of  the  world 
have  met  these  conditions.  What  do  they  pay  their  soldiers  and 
how  do  they  retain  them  in  the  service  ?  By  consulting  the  table  on 
page  31  it  is  seen  that  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  are  the  only 
countries  of  the  world  maintaining  an  army  of  any  size  wholly  by  vol- 
untary enlistments.  In  other  countries  a  man  contributes  a  certain 
amount  of  service  in  the  army,  just  as  he  does  taxes,  to  the  general 
support  of  the  government.  He  is  given  a  certain  amount  of  pay, 
which  partially  supports  him.  In  the  United  States,  however,  the 
soldier  enters  into  a  voluntary  contract  for  a  short  term  of  enlist- 
ment— three  years — and  he  may  at  any  time  terminate  it  by  the 
payment  of  a  small  sum  (discharge  by  purchase).  In  Great  Britain 
the  conditions  are  somewhat  the  same,  except  that  the  term  of  enlist- 
ment is  practically  twelve  years.  The  long  term  of  enlistment, 
while  probably  acting  as  a  deterrent  upon  enlistments,  has  the  advan- 
tage of  requiring  fewer  enlistments  per  year  to  keep  the  army  full. 
In  actual  dollars  and  cents  Great  Britain  pays  her  Canadian  soldiers 
of  all  grades,  and  her  British  soldiers  of  the  higher  grades,  more  than 
the  United  States  pays  her  soldiers  of  the  same  grades.     This,  how- 


16 


PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 


ever,  is  not  a  fair  comparison,  because  conditions  are  so  different  in 
the  United  States  frOm  what  they  are  in  Great  Britain.  The  only 
way  in  which  pay  or  wages  for  any  particular  occupation  in  two 
countries  can  be  compared  is  by  a  comparison  of  the  purchasing 
values  and  by  a  consideration  of  the  general  standard  of  living,  and 
of  the  wages  or  pay  for  other  similar  occupations.  This  subject 
has  been  treated  fully  by  Maj.  John  H.  Beacom,  military  attache  at 
London,  in  a  paper  submitted  herewith,  which  will  be  found  on  page  33, 
to  which  particular  attention  is  invited.  From  his  deductions  and 
from  data  given  in  the  recruiting  circular  of  the  Canadian  army, 
printed  on  page  27,  the  following  comparisons  of  pay  can  be  made: 


Grade. 


Sergeants-major,  tenth  year 

Quartermaster-sergeants,  tenth  year 

Sergeants,  sixth  year 

Corporals,  fourth  year 

Privates,  third  year 

Privates,  first  year 


"United 
States  sol- 
dier in 
United 
States  cur- 
rency. 


$40.00 
40.00 
23.00 
17.00 
14.00 
13.00 


Canadian 
soldier  in 
Canadian 
currency. 


$60.00 
55.50 
37.25 
30.05 
18.00 
15.00 


American 
equivalent 

of  pay  of 
British  sol- 
dier. 


$71. 35 
57.45 
38.50 
29.90 
18.85 
12.95 


The  almost  exact  coincidence  between  the  actual  pay  of  different 
grades  in  the  Canadian  army  and  the  ''American  equivalent"  for 
that  grade  indicated  as  the  pay  of  the  British  soldier  shows  the  accu- 
racy of  Major  Beacom' s  deductions. 

As.  the  United  States  and  Canadian  currency  is  the  same,  and  as 
conditions  in  Canada  are  more  nearly  like  those  in  the  United  States 
than  are  those  in  any  other  country,  it  will  be  interesting  to  carry 
the  comparison  in  pay  a  little  further.  I  have  therefore  extracted 
some  further  data  from  the  Canadian  recruiting  circular  and  give 
below  a  table  based  upon  the  initial  pay  of  the  two  services. 

Statement  of  pay  per  month  and  allowances  of  United  States  Army  as  compared  to  that  of 
enlisted  men  of  corresponding  grade  in  the  Canadian  army. 


United  States  Army. 

Master  gunner $34. 00 

Sergeant-major 34.  00 

Chief  musician 60. 00 

Quartermaster-sergeant 34.  00 

Chief  trumpeter 22.  00 

Squadron  or  battalion  sergeant- 
major  or  color  sergeant 25. 00 

Chief  mechanic 18. 00 

Company     or     battery     quarter- 
master sergeant 18. 00 

Sergeant 18.00 

Corporal 15.00 

Private 13.00 

Sergeant,     first     class,     Hospital 

Corps 45.  00 

Sergeant,  Hospital  Corps 25.  00 

Corporal,  Hospital  Corps 20.  00 

Private,  Hospital  Corps 18. 00 


Canadian  Army. 

Master  gunner,  artillery  districts.  $45.  00 

Sergeant-major 45.  00 

Bandmaster 45.  00 

Quartermaster-sergeant 40.  50 

Sergeants  trumpeter 37.  50 

Squadron    or    battery    sergeant- 
major  or  color  sergeant 37.  50 

Sergeants  farrier 37.  50 

Squadron,    battery,    or   company 

quartermaster- sergeant.' 37.  50 

Sergeant 30.  00 

Corporal 24.  00 

Gunner  or  private 15.  00 

Sergeant-major,  medical  corps  ...  52.  50 

Ward  master,  medical  corps 37.  50 

Assistant  ward  master 30.  00 

Hospital  orderlies 18. 00 


PAY    OF   OFFICEBS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   ABMY. 


17 


ALLOWANCES. 

Free  rations,  barrack  accommodations,  and  medical  attendance. 

Clothing  allowance. — Practically  the  same  for  both  services. 

Toilet  articles. — United  States,  nothing;  Canadian,  button  brush,  hairbrush,  shav- 
ing brush,  razor  and  case,  button  stick,  clothes  brush,  shoe  brushes,  comb,  sponge, 
blacking,  towels. 

Transportation  to  recruiting  stations. — United  States,  nothing;  Canadian,  $10. 

Pensions. — Service  retirement:  United  States,  after  thirty  years;  Canadian,  after 
twenty  years.  Disability  retirement:  United  States,  none;  Canadian,  after  fifteen 
years'  service. 

The  cost  of  living  and  the  scale  of  wages  in  Canada  is  less  than 
in  the  United  States.  In  this  connection  attention  is  invited  to  the 
pay  of  the  police  force  of  Montreal  as  compared  to  that  of  Washington 
(page  40). 

Other  countries. — The  only  other  countries  on  the  American  conti- 
nent with  which  comparisons  of  this  kind  can  well  be  made  are  Cuba, 
where  many  of  our  soldiers  serve,  and  Chile  which  maintains  a  very 
respectable  army  of  10,000  men.  The  Cuban  pay  is  more  than  that 
of  the  United  States,  and  so  is  that  of  the  Chilean  army  which  is  as 
follows  (the  currency  indicated  is  the  Chilean  '^peso,"  the  purchasing 
value  of  which  is  about  the  same  as  that  of  the  dollar  of  this  country) : 

Salaries  and  allowances  of  officers  and  men,  Chilean  army,  as  per  law  of  1894. 
[Alamo's  "  Recopilacion  de  Leyes  Militares."] 


Rank. 


Major-general 

Brigadier-general. . 

Colonel 

Lieutenant-colonel 

Major 

Captain 

First  lieutenant... 
Second  lieutenant . 


Pay  per 


$8,400 
7,200 
6,000 
4,800 
3,600 
2,400 
1,800 
1,200 


Grade. 


First  sergeant 

Sergeants 

Corporals  (first  class) . . 
Corporals  (second  class) 

Musicians 

Privates 

Artificer,  first  class 

Artificer,  second  class. . 


Pay  per 


$540 
444 
372 
348 
324 
300 
720 
480 


Retired  pay  for  disability  in  line  of  duty  is  equal  to  one-fortieth  the 
annual  pay  multiplied  by  number  of  years  of  service;  for  any  other 
cause,  equals  as  many  fortieths  of  75  per  cent  of  pay  per  year  as 
number  of  years'  service. 

Pension  of  about  10  per  cent  of  salary  to  widow  or  children  or 
mother  when  the  deceased  had  over  ten  years'  service. 

Officers  are  entitled  to  quarters,  light,  fuel,  forage,  ration  in  kind, 
orderly,  surgeon,  medicine,  hospital,  funeral.  Commanding  officers 
of  posts  receive  also  an  extra  pay  of  $1,000  a  year. 

Men  receive  quarters,  clothing,  rations. 

Chilean  ration  consists  of: 

Grams. 

Meat 340 

Bread 300 

Vegetables 150 

Onions 50 

Potatoes 240 

Beans 300 

Rice 50 

It  is  reported  by  the  officer  who  furnished  the  above  data  relative 
to  the  Chilean  army  that  there  is  a  bill  now  pending  before  the 
Chilean  Congress  for  increasing  the  pay  of  the  army,  navy,  and  civil 
service  of  that  country  by  from  30  to  60  per  cent. 

18386—07 2 


Grams. 

Coffee 10 

Sugar 35 

Salt 20 


Lard . . 
Garlic. 
Chile.. 


50 
5 
2 


18 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS  AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 


PAY  OF  OFFICERS* 

The  rates  of  pay  for  officers  of  the  Army  were  fixed  by  section  24 
of  the  act  approved  July  15,  1870  (R.  S.,  1261). 

The  rate  of  pay  and  authorized  number  of  officers  in  each  grade  on 
October  15,  1907,  are  as  follows: 


Grade. 


Pay. 

Number. 

$13,500 

0 

11,000 

ol 

7,500 

7 

5,500 

27 

3,500 

113 

3,000 

135 

2,500 

385 

2,000 
1,800 

} 

1,332 

1,600 
1,500 

} 

1,168 

1,500 
1,400 

} 

828 

General 

LieuteBant-general 

Major-general 

Brigadier-general. . 

Colonel 

Lieutenant-colonel , 

Major 

Captain: 

Mounted 

Not  mounted.. 
First  lieutenant: 

Mounted 

Not  mounted. . 
Second  lieutenant: 

Mounted 

Not  mounted.. 


a  Grade  abolished  upon  retirement  of  present  incumbent. 

An  increase  of  10  per  cent  in  pay  is  allowed  for  every  five  years  of 
continuous  service,  provided  the  total  increase  shall  not  exceed  40 
per  cent,  and  provided  further  the  maximum  pay  for  a  colonel  shall 
not  exceed  $4,500  and  of  a  lieutenant-colonel  shall  not  exceed  $4,000. 


ALLOWANCES. 

The  allowances  of  officers  are  as  follows:  (1)  Quarters,  or  commu- 
tation thereof;  (2)  purchase  of  commissary  supplies  at  Government 
rates;  (3)  medical  attention  and  supplies;  (4)  fuel  and  lights;  (5) 
mileage  when  traveling  under  orders  without  troops  and  baggage 
allowance  when  changing  station. 

1.  Quarters. — At  posts  officers  are  furnished  quarters.  Married 
lieutenants,  as  a  rule,  the  usual  type  of  7-room  and  bath  house, 
captains  and  field  officers  a  little  better,  and  bachelors  2  rooms  and 
a  bath  in  what  are  called  '^ bachelor  quarters."  When  not  on  duty 
with  troops  and  not  serving  where  Government  quarters  are  fur- 
nished officers  are  allowed  commutation  of  quarters  at  the  rate  of 
$12  a  room,  as  follows: 

Lieutenant-general,  10  rooms;  major-general,  9  rooms;  brigadier- 
general,  8  rooms;  colonel,  7  rooms;  lieutenant-colonel,  6  rooms; 
major,  5  rooms;  captain,  4  rooms;  first  lieutenant,  3  rooms;  second 
lieutenant,  2  rooms. 

This  allowance  was  provided  for  in  the  army  appropriation  bill 
of  March  2,  1907.  It  is  an  advance  upon  that  heretofore  allowed 
and  under  this  allowance  officers  living  in  cities  can  get  quarters 
for  the  commutation  allowed  them,  or  a  slight  excess  thereof.  The 
allowance  has  not  affected  officers  serving  at  posts,  since  they  occupy 
the  same  quarters  they  did  before.  A  proviso  was  included  in  the 
same  bill  that  '^ heavy  furniture"  could  oe  furnished  by  the  Govern- 
ment for  officers'  quarters.  It  will  be  some  years  before  this  can 
be  carried  into  effect.  It  will  not  affect,  very  much,  officers  who 
are  already  in  the  service,  who  have  already  provided  themselves 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF    THE   ARMY.  19 

with  a  complete  outfit  of  household  furniture,  nor  will  it  result  in 
much  saving  to  the  officers  who  come  in  during  the  next  few  je&Ts. 
These  officers  will  have  to  have  their  houses  completely  furnished 
when  they  occupy  them,  and  will  have  to  buy  the  furniture,  not- 
withstanding the  fact  that  eventually  most  of  the  heavy  furniture 
will  be  provided  by  the  Government.  The  furniture  to  be  provided 
this  year  from  funds  now  available  consists  of  window  shades,  a 
dining-room  table  and  chairs,  a  desk,  and  a  hatrack. 

2.  Commissaries. — The  Subsistence  Department  keeps  on  hand, 
primarily,  articles  of  the  ration  for  issue  to  the  enlisted  men.  For 
the  convenience  of  officers  it  also  keeps  on  hand  certain  other  staple 
articles  of  a  little  better  quality,  which  might  be  designated  as  family 
groceries  as  distinguished  from  fanc}^  groceries.  It  carries  no  meats 
except  salt  and  canned  meats,  and  no  fresh  vegetables  except  potatoes. 
As  a  convenience  the  commissary  is  one  of  the  greatest  privileges  offi- 
cers have.  Troops  are  often  stationed  miles  from  a  railroad  or  upon 
some  isolated  island  at  the  mouth  of  our  harbors,  and  at  such  stations 
officers  have  no  access  to  the  markets,  and  they  are  absolutely  depend- 
ent upon  the  commissary  for  their  supplies.  As  a  means  of  saviiig, 
however,  the  commissary  is  one  of  the  most  insignificant  considera- 
tions. It  should  be  understood  that  the  Commissary  Department  pur- 
chases by  advertisement  and  bids.  It  can  not  go  into  the  open  mar- 
ket and  make  bargains.  The  purchases  are  surrounded  by  all  kinds 
of  restrictions.  There  are  specifications  as  to  standards  of  quality,  of 
size,  of  shape,  of  weight,  of  date  and  manner  and  rate  of  delivery,  etc. 
Many  of  the  purchases  are  made  in  small  quantities  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  the  posts,  and  it  is  notorious  that  the  Government  always 
pays  more  for  everything  than  corporations  or  individuals  purchas- 
ing under  similar  conditions. 

After  the  purchases  are  made  and  the  goods  placed  on  sale  in  the 
commissary  there  is  no  such  thing  as  bargain-counter  prices.  All 
goods  are  sold  as  standard.  If,  through  age  or  other  conditions,  the 
quality  deteriorates,  the  standard  price  is  maintained  until  the  goods 
become  absolutely  unsalable.  They  are  then  condemned  and 
destroyed.  Many  of  the  commissaries  can  only  be  bought  in  certain 
quantities — an  inconvenient  condition  for  the  housekeeper — butter, 
for  instance,  only  in  5-pound  tins;  so  that  while,  as  I  say,  the  com- 
missary is  almost  indispensable  at  times,  it  really  represents  very 
little  money  value  to  the  average  officer,  and  many  officers  do  not 
patronize  it  at  all. 

The  Commissary-General  submitted  to  the  Military  Committee  of  the 
House  last  year  a  detailed  statement  on  this  subject  showing  the  per- 
centage of  savings  by  purchases  at  the  commissary.  His  report  cov- 
ered the  cases  of  147  different  officers  making  purchases  from  the  com- 
missary at  Washington  Barracks.  The  average  monthly  bill  was 
$16.05,  and  the  average  saving  over  open-market  retail  values  was 
$1.42,  about  8.75  per  cent.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  many  officers  prefer 
not  to  patronize  the  commissary,  as  the  saving  of  a  dollar  or  two  a 
month  does  not  make  up  for  the  trouble.  Of  course  the  price  of  com- 
missaries has  followed  the  general  advance  of  the  price  of  the  same 
article  in  the  commercial  markets,  and  the  sales  price  of  to-day  shows 
an  advance  of  from  10  per  cent  to  100  per  cent  over  that  of  a  few 
years  ago,  as  is  indicated  in  the  table  on  page  32. 

3.  Medical  attention. — Officers  and  enlisted  men  receive  medical 
attention  and  medical  supplies  from  the  Government.     It  is,   of 


20 


PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   AEMY. 


course,  known  that  many  corporations  and  civilian  organizations 
supply  this  to  their  employees  and  that  the  cost  to  these  concerns  is 
nominal.  The  cost  per  person  for  such  service  would  probably  not 
amount  to  $5  a  year.  At  every  army  post  there  is  a  hospital  and  one 
surgeon  to  about  every  300  officers  and  men.  There  are  two  attend- 
ing surgeons  in  Washington  and  288  officers  who,  with  their  families, 
are  entitled  to  medical  attention.  The  value  of  this  attention,  includ- 
ing medical  supplies,  is  estimated  at  $30  per  officer  per  year.  It  is 
interesting  to  note  that  after  this  estimate  had  been  made  it  was  ascer- 
tained that  the  commutation  of  medical  attention  and  supplies  allowed 
captains  of  the  Canadian  army  is  $30  a  year.  However,  it  must  not 
be  understood  that  officers  have  no  doctor  bills  because  they  are  enti- 
tled to  the  services  of  army  surgeons.  There  are  many  cases  of  an 
unusual  character,  especially  with  women  and  children,  that  the  army 
surgeons  no  not  handle,  ana  there  is  no  army  officer  of  family  who  is 
not  constantly  being  put  to  private  expense  on  account  of  medical 
attention  necessary  for  his  family.  Many  instances  could  be  cited 
where  officers  dependent  upon  their  pay  have  had  medical  bills  amount- 
ing to  $400  or  $500. 

4.  Fuel  and  lights. — Up  to  last  year  officers  were  allowed  to  buy  a 
certain  allowance  of  fuel  at  the  rate  of  $3  for  a  cord  of  wood  or  its 
heat  equivalent.  This  amounted  to  a  saving  of  $1.77  per  1 ,000  pounds 
of  coal,  and  for  a  captain  the  average  saving  was  $11  a  month  the  year 
round.  Under  the  provisions  of  the  appropriation  act  of  March  2, 
1907,  fuel  and  lights  are  furnished  free,  and  this  increases  the  value  of 
this  allowance  for  a  captain  to  $23,  or  an  increase  of  $12  a  month 
over  what  it  was  before. 

The  allowance  of  fuel  and  lights  for  all  grades  is  indicated  below: 


Rooms, 


Cords 
of  wood 

per 
month. 


^2 


•c 
ft 
< 

o 

a 

m 


allowance 
from  Sep- 
tember 1  to 
April  30. 


2-- 

^Z1 


&  5*2 


"  a 


For 
quarters. 


For 
office. 


Lieutenant-general 

Major-general  or  officer  of  higher  rank  occu- 
pying 9  rooms  as  quarters 

Brigadier-general  or  officer  of  higher  rank 
occupying  8  rooms  as  quarters 

Colonel  or  officer  of  higher  rank  occupying  7 
rooms  as  quarters 

Lieutenant-colonel  or  officer  of  higher  rank 
occupying  6  rooms  as  quarters 

Major  or  officer  of  higher  rank  occupying  5 
rooms  as  quarters 

Captain  or  officer  of  higher  rank  occupying  4 
rooms  as  quarters 

First  lieutenant  or  officer  of  higher  rank  occu- 
pying 3  rooms  as  quarters 

Second  lieutenant  or  officer  of  higher  rank 
occupying  2  rooms  as  quarters 

Officer  of  any  rank  occupying  1  room  as  quar- 
ters   


9 

8 
7 
6 
5 
4 
3 
2 
1 





PAY   OF   OFFICERS  AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY.  21 

5.  Mileage. — Officers  traveling  on  duty  without  troops  get  7  cents 
a  mile  miletge.  Those  traveling  with  troops  go  on  the  troop  trains 
and  get  no  niileage  allowances.  The  mileage  allowed  is  usually  suffi- 
cient to  cover  expenses  of  trips  away  from  and  return  to  permanent 
stations.  For  instance,  if  an  officer  is  ordered  to  New  York  and 
return  on  official  business,  the  mileage  will  cover  the  trip.  When 
such  trips  are  short  and  involve  several  days'  stoppage  at  various 
places,  with  hotel  bills  at  each,  the  mileage  will  not  cover  the 
expenses.  Only  a  very  limited  number  of  officers,  however,  travel 
on  duty  of  this  kind.  The  great  majority  of  travel  is  when  officers 
change  station  permanently — when  they  pick  up  bag  and  baggage 
with  family  and  household  effects  and  leave  a  station  never  to  return 
to  it.  If  such  a  change  is  made  without  troops  the  officer  gets  his 
mileage,  7  cents  a  mile,  and  he  is  allowed  to  carry  a  certain  quantity 
of  baggage — 3,000  pounds  for  a  captain.  The  mileage  will  possibly 
pay  for  a  ticket  for  himself  and  wife.  If  he  changes  station  with 
troops  he  gets  actual  transportation,  but  no  mileage.  No  married 
officer  can  change  station,  either  with  or  without  troops,  without 
having  to  go  to  some  expense  over  and  above  that  allowed  him  by 
the  Government.  Sometimes  it  is  very  great,  amounting  to  several 
hundred  dollars. 

This  question  of  changing  station  is  one  which  is  probably  under- 
stood less  by  civilians  than  anvthing  connected  with  the  Army.  Com.- 
parisons  have  often  been  made  with  supposedly  similar  conditions  in 
civil  life,  or  in  civil  branches  of  the  Government,  it  being  stated  that 
the  Government  pays  the  traveling  expenses  of  the  officer  or  employee, 
but  not  of  his  family.  The  inference  from  this  is  that  the  officer  has 
the  option  of  leaving  his  family  at  home.  There  is  no  such  option  and 
there  is  no  such  home.  There  are  many  traveling  men  in  civil  life, 
and  there  are  many  officers  and  employees  of  the  civil  branches  of  the 
Government  whose  duties  require  them  to  travel,  but  almost  without 
exception  there  is  some  central  point,  some  headquarters  where  the 
home  of  the  family  can  be  located.  There  is  no  such  condition  in  the 
Army.  Officers  are  liable  to  be  ordered  for  duty  in  any  part  of  the 
United  States,  Alaska,  the  Philippines,  Cuba,  Honolulu,  or  Porto 
Kico.  When  they  leave  one  point,  they  leave  it  for  good,  with  no 
expectation  of  ever  returning  to  that  point.  The  average  rate  of 
change  is  one  move  a  year. 

Many  officers  have  changed  station  as  often  as  four  to  eight  times 
in  a  year.  Some  officers  have  had  moves  averaging  from  5,000  miles 
to  7,000  miles  a  year.  Company  H  of  the  Sixteenth  Jnfantry,  for 
instance,  in  nine  years  has  had  30  moves  with  an  aggregate  distance 
of  51,765  miles.  If  any  one  officer  was  with  this  company  during  the 
whole  of  this  time  he  drew  no  mileage  for  any  of  these  moves.  Other 
examples  may  be  seen  by  consulting  the  reports  contained  further 
on.  Particular  attention  is  invited  to  that  of  the  colonel  of  the  Six- 
teenth Infantry,  given  on  page  89. 

Suppose  an  officer  at  Fort  Riley,  Kans.,  is  ordered  to  Alaska  or 
to  the  Philippines.  He  has  either  got  to  take  his  family  with  him  or 
send  them  to  some  place  where  they  can  stay  till  he  returns  to  the 
United  States.  He  can  not  leave  them  at  the  fort — the  quarters  he 
occupied  will  be  needed  for  the  officer  that  relieves  him,  and  when  he 
returns  to  the  United  States  it  is  practically  certain  that  he  will  not 
be  sent  back  to  Fort  Riley.     There  is  only  one  way  an  officer  can  keep 


22  PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 

from  moving  his  family  every  time  he  moves  and  that  is  not  to  have 
any  family.  Now,  this  frequent  moving  around  is  a  new  condition 
arising  from  the  necessity  of  having  part  of  the  Army  outside  the  con- 
tinental limits  of  the  United  States.  In  the  old  days  regiments  stayed 
from  seven  to  fifteen  years  at  one  station  and  the  only  officers  who 
were  shifted- around  were  those  on  detached  service.  Now  the  con- 
ditions are  reversed,  and  a  detail  on  some  special  duty  is  a  godsend  in 
that  it  at  least  guarantees  two  or  three  years  at  some  place  without  a 
move. 

COST  OF  LIVING  IN  THE  ARMY. 

So  much  has  been  said  upon  the  subject  of  increased  cost  of  living 
recently  that  it  hardly  seems  necessary  to  treat  of  this  phase  of  the 
subject  in  this  paper.  According  to  Dun's  Index  of  the  Comparative 
Cost  of  Living,  as  given  on  page  172  of  the  World's  Almanac  for  1907, 
the  cost  of  living  has  advanced  from  72  to  105  in  the  last  ten  years; 
that  is,  an  increase  of  46  per  cent  based  upon  the  figures  for  1897. 
The  Bureau  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  in  its  Bulletin  No.  71,  July,  1907, 
gives  on  page  7  the  increase  during  the  same  period  of  "Retail  prices 
of  food  weighted  according  to  family  consumption,"  from  96  in  1897 
to  116  in  1906,  an  increase  of  about  21  per  cent.  The  newspapers 
and  periodicals  are  full  of  statistics  of  all  kinds  as  to  the  advances  in 
prices  of  all  commodities,  and  of  wages  and  salaries.  No  argument 
IS  necessary  to  show  what  these  have  been,  it  is  a  matter  of  common 
knowledge  that  not  only  has  the  actual  cost  of  necessities  advanced, 
but  the  increased  standard  of  living  makes  what  was  once  a  large 
salary  a  very  small  one  now. 

Congress  has  recognized  this  and  has  made  this  a  basis  for  an  increase 
of  50  per  cent  in  the  salaries  of  its  Members.  But  even  since  that 
time  the  cost  of  living  has  advanced,  and  prices  are  even  higher  now 
than  they  were  during  the  last  session  of  Congress. 

The  officers  have  had  to  bear  the  brunt  of  all  these  advances,  the 
same  as  their  brothers  in  civil  life,  and  in  addition  to  this  they  are 
burdened  with  certain  extra  expenses  on  account  of  the  change  in  the 
nature  of  the  service  required  of  them. 

Insurance. — The  excessive  changes  of  station  have  already  been  men- 
tioned as  an  additional  cost  per  se,  but  they  involve  other  things,  for 
instance,  insurance.  All  insurance  companies  now  charge  large  extra 
premiums  of  army  officers  on  account  of  their  liability  to  tropical 
service.  These  increased  rates,  an  advance  of  from  10  to  20  per  cent, 
extend  to  the  entire  Army.  Officers  are  dependent  upon  insurance  as 
the  only  form  of  protection  for  their  families,  since  the  roving  nature 
of  their  occupation  prevents  them  from  acquiring  any  property  or  of 
having  any  business  interests.  A  large  increase  in  insurance  pre- 
miums is  a  Yevj  serious  matter  to  them. 

School  facilities. — In  the  old  days  officers  remained  at  stations  long 
enough  to  educate  their  children,  or  at  least  put  them  for  a  reasonable 
time  at  the  local  schools.  But  now  their  stay  at  any  one  place  is  so 
transient  that  they  must  make  arrangements  to  send  their  children  off 
to  schools  at  great  expense.  Moreover,  being  nonresidents,  they  are 
usually  denied  the  privilege  of  the  local  public  schools. 

Post  gardens. — Formerly  every  well-regulated  post  had  its  garden, 
and  officers,  for  a  nominal  sum,  could  share  in  its  products.  This,  of 
course,  resulted  in  a  great  saving  to  them.     Now  the  post  garden, 


C0P/£O   FROM  auUETiM  OF   THE    BUREAU  OT  LABOf\  ,    /90  7. 


1^^ 
III 

ill 


Co'  <h 


5 


5;    ^ 

MM 

1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 

i 

• 
• 

• 

1 

• 
• 

IIP 

rf    t>,     *<'    <« 

• 
« 

• 

1 

/ 

• 

V 

• 
• 
• 
• 
■  1 

• 

♦♦ 

y 

'/. 

4 
• 

• 

• 
• 

ii 

^    c, 

i 

•  ♦ 

M 

f 

L 

\ 

1^ 

• 
• 

X 

••^ 

•., 

1 

\ 

*•, 

•% 

\ 

II 

II 
2 

• 

/ 

V 

\ 

\ 

*., 

— «5 

s 

*• 

\ 

\ 

/ 

s 

^ 

•, 

• 
• 

• 
1 

• 
• 

I 

\ 

\ 

% 

• 
• 
• 

1 

H 

• 
• 

\ 

-■  1 

• 
• 
ff 

• 

1 

L 

\ 

V 

'•• 

••, 

•• 

••, 

/ 

« 

\ 

N 

s 

s 

■  • 

'•• 

'•. 

••• 

•• 

t      1 

PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF    THE   ARMY.  23 

like  all  other  marks  of  permanency,  is  no  longer  a  feature  of  posts, 
and  officers  must  do  the  best  they  can  in  local  markets. 

Servants. — Servants  are  now  very  scarce  and  wages  are  high.  The 
old  servant  class  in  the  vicinitv  of  posts — wives  and  daughters  of 
soldiers — has  disappeared,  and  the  usual  class  of  servants  do  not  care 
to  be  employed  upon  lonely  army  posts  where  the  garrisons  change 
too  rapidly  for  them  to  make  any  ties.  The  result  is  that  officers 
now  have  to  pay  from  25  to  50  per  cent  more  for  servants  than  the 
local  rates  in  near-by  town  or  cities. 

Railroad  fare. — Before  the  passage  of  the  interstate-commerce  act 
officers'  famines  could  usually  travel  on  troop  trains  without  charge 
or  could  otherwise  travel  on  passes  or  half  rates.  The  revocation  of 
this  courtesy  on  the  part  of  the  railroads  has  fallen  heavily  on  officers 
who  have  to  take  their  families  with  them  when  they  make  long  and 
frequent  changes  of  station. 

In  general. — The  Military  Committee  was  furnished  last  year  with 
considerable  detailed  information  on  the  subject  of  officers  not  being 
able  to  live  on  their  pay,  and  it  is  not  believed  to  be  desirable  to  go 
into  the  subject  to  any  extent  again.  The  following  extract,  how- 
ever, is  given  from  the  current  report  of  Maj.  Gen.  A.  W.  Greely, 
commanding  the  Northern  Division : 

Pay  of  officers. — Another  subject  that  will  vitally  affect  the  future  efficiency  of  the 
service  is  that  of  adequate  pay  for  the  commissioned  officers  of  the  Array.  In  thirty- 
seven  years,  marked  in  general  by  unparalleled  prosperity  for  the  nation,  and  in  the 
eventuation  of  the  highest  salaries  and  pay  ever  known  to  civilian  laborers  and  pro- 
fessional men,  the  pay  for  officers  of  the  Army  serving  in  the  United  States  has  remained 
unchanged,  except  in  curtailment  through  the  abolishment  of  fuel,  which  Congress 
restored  in  March,  1907,  with  light  added. 

To-day  the  physical  and  professional  standards  for  officers  are  higher  than  ever 
before.  They  demand  constitutions  that  may  withstand  the  climes  of  Alaska  or  the 
Philippines;  administrative  ability  equal  to  the  outfitting  of  a  single  company  post, 
or  the  equipping  of  an  army  half  way  around  the  globe ;  scientific  knowledge  for  accu- 
rately determining  the  range  and  unerringly  delivering  the  shot  against  warships  miles 
away;  the  instant  transmission  of  military  information  by  buzzer,  by  submarine  cable, 
or  by  wireless  telegraphy;  the  locating  of  hostile  forces,  and  their  destruction  by 
invisible  batteries  through  indirect  fire  methods;  these  and  kindred  other  duties 
involving  high  scientific  knowledge  are  expected  in  our  Army,  not  from  specialists 
highly  trained  for  years,  but  from  the  line  of  the  Army. 

Second  lieutenants,  beginning  with  a  pay  of  less  than  $4  per  day,  must  provide 
themselves  with  uniform,  food,  servants,  camp  equipment,  and  household  effects. 
In  seven  years  they  may  rise,  if  health  lasts  and  examinations  are  passed,  to  first  lieu- 
tenants at  $5  per  day,  and  in  eighteen  or  twenty  years  to  a  captaincy  with  $6.50  or  $7 
per  day.  If  ordered  to  foreign  service,  at  an  increased  expense  of  about  25  per  cent, 
they  receive  10  per  cent  additional. 

It  is  submitted  that  most  efficient  and  highly  desirable  service  can  not  be  always 
expected  from  underpaid  officers.  Even  the  most  patriotic  and  honorable  men  are 
unfavorably  affected  by  financial  difficulties  involving  the  care  and  comfort  of  their 
families. 

Compelled  by  reports  to  believe  that  half  the  company  officers  were  necessarily 
living  beyond  their  pay,  an  investigation  was  made  by  the  division  commander  which 
discloses  the  harrowing  fact  that  this  condition  is  true  as  to  more  than  three-fourths. 
It  appears  from  official  confidential  reports  certified  to  by  the  officers  concerned  that 
in  the  Northern  Division,  during  1906,  only  7  (1  largely  in  debt)  out  of  34  captains 
and  first  lieutenants,  selected  with  reference  to  conservative  character  and  good  habits, 
were  able  to  live  within  their  pay. 

Living  expenses,  1906. — Thirty-four  officers  give  under  designated  heads  their 
expenses  for  the  year  1906,  with  certificate  of  their  general  correctness.  The  amounts 
^iven  are  less  than  the  actual  expenses,  as  some  families  were  clothed  from  private 
incomes  and  in  several  cases  families  visited  relatives  during  the  year,  their  expenses 
not  entering  in  these  reports.  The  average  pay  of  these  34  officers,  stationed  not  in 
cities,  but  at  military  posts  from  Ohio  and  Kentucky  northwestward  to  Wyoming  and 


24  PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 

Montana,  was  $2,506.32,  including  in  most  cases  all  mileage,  money  prizes  as  marks- 
men, etc.  The  expenses  of  these  34  officers  average  $3,037.03,  or  21.1  per  cent  in 
excess  of  their  pay.     The  detailed  expenses  per  average  family  of  3.79  was  as  follows: 

Household  expenses  (food,  servants,  furniture,  fuel,  light,  etc.) $1,  478.  31 

Uniforms  and  clothing 458. 48 

Charities  and  religion 40.  86 

Education 105.  51 

Insurance 177. 07 

Recreation 93.  33 

Furniture  losses  in  changing  station 179.  25 

Cost  of  changing  station  for  family 174. 48 

Separate  homes  necessitated  by  foreign  service 329.  74 

The  simple  methods  of  army  life  appear  in  the  statement  that  the  cost  of  household 
expenses,  exclusive  of  21.17  cents  for  fuel  and  light,  is  but  85.4  cents  daily  for  each 
member  of  an  officer's  family.  The  average  cost  of  clothing  per  individual  (including 
uniforms)  is  $118  per  year,  and  the  amount  annually  spent  for  recreation  is  $32,  or 
less  than  9  cents  per  day  for  each  individual.  Excluding  1  officer,  who  is  making 
extraordinary  efforts  to  adjust  debts  incurred  by  frequent  changes  of  station,  there 
were  but  3  captains  who  lived  inside  their  pay,  averaging  $166.27  each,  against  13 
captains  whose  average  deficiencies  were  $262.82.  The  condition  of  the  first  lieu- 
tenants is  lamentable,  only  2  living  within  their  income  to  the  extent  of  $114.50 
each,  as  against  15  whose  average  excess  of  expenses  over  salaries  amounts  to  $465. 43r 

EFFECT   ON    COMMISSIONED   PERSONNEL. 

We  have  seen  the  effect  of  these  conditions  upon  the  enHsted  men. 
What  about  the  officers  ?  It  has  always  been  said  that  there  may  be 
difficulty  about  getting  men,  but  there  will  never  be  any  difficulty  in 
getting  officers.  Unfortunately  this  is  not  true.  Of  course  men 
can  be  rounded  up  anywhere  that  will  accept  commissions  in  the 
Army ;  but  we  must  consider  the  question  of  competency,  and  when 
it  is  said  that  there  is  difficulty  in  getting  officers  we  must  mean,  of 
course,  officers  of  the  heretofore  accepted  standard. 

Source  of  supply. — There  are  three  sources  from  which  officers  are 
obtained — West  Point,  the  ranks,  and  civil  life.  For  many  years 
there  was  the  keenest  comj>etit]'on  for  commissions  from  all  of  these 
sources.  It  has  been  said  that  no  American  boy  has  ever  grown  to 
manhood  without  having  entertained  the  idea  at  one  time  or  another 
of  going  to  West  Point  or  Annapolis.  Certainly  appointments  to 
West  Point  were  strenuously  sought  for,  and  the  War  Department 
and  the  White  House  have  for  years  been  visited  frequently  by  Sena- 
tors and  Congressmen  recommending  the  appointment  to  West  Point 
or  to  a  commission  of  their  young  constituents.  Such  appointments 
are  now  rarely  sought  in  this  way. 

Cadets. — There  have  never  been  so  many  unfilled  vacancies  at  West 
Point  as  there  are  at  the  present  time.  In  old  times  when  a  boy 
wanted  to  enter  the  Military  Academy  he  had  to  go  to  West  Point  to 
stand  his  entrance  examination,  whether  he  be  in  Massachusetts, 
Texas,  or  California — there  was  no  other  way;  and  many  stories  are 
told  of  boys  starting  out  months  beforehand  and  making  their  way  to 
West  Point,  sometimes  partly  on  foot,  in  order  to  try  this  ordeal  upon 
which  they  based  their  future  career.  Due  to  a  decreasing  interest 
in  these  appointments  by  the  youth  of  the  country,  all  sorts  of 
arrangements  have  been  made  in  order  to  relieve  the  inconveniences 
of  the  entrance  examination  and  to  make  it  easjr  for  those  who  feel 
inclined  to  take  it.  Examinations  are  held  in  different  parts  of  the 
country,  so  that  no  boy  need  go  an  unreasonable  distance  from  his 
home  to  stand  the  examination,  and  arrangements  are  made  by  which 
if  one  man  fails  others  are  examined  to  take  his  place.     Yet,  in  spit^ 


PAY    OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY.  25 

of  all  efforts  to  keep  the  corps  full,  the  superintendent  of  the  Mili- 
tary Academy  says  in  his  last  report: 

In  this  connection  attention  is  invited  to  the  large  and  increasing  number  of  ap- 
pointees in  recent  years  who  have  failed  to  report  (79  this  year);  to  the  fact  that  the 
Corps  of  Cadets  is  73  below  its  authorized  strength,  and  to  the  increasing  number  of 
resignations  from  the  Army  (9  of  this  year's  graduates,  it  is  understood).  In  the  matter 
of  trained  young  soldiers,  the  output  of  the  Military  Academy  can  not  with  safety,  be 
permitted  to  fall  below  the  rate  of  consumption  of  those  who  have  gone  before,  plus  the 
increased  requirements  of  a  great  and  growing  nation.  It  is  believed  that  the  more 
lucrative  pursuits  and  greater  fields  for  promotion  of  private  life  are  diverting  young 
men  from  these  careers  of  small  pay  and  slow  promotion  in  our  country's  service. 

Enlisted  candidates, — There  has  been  a  marked  decrease  in  the 
number  of  men  who  '^enlist  for  a  commission."  It  is  understood, 
of  course,  that  very  few,  if  any,  old  soldiers  compete  for  commissions, 
because  they,  as  a  rule,  do  not  have  the  educational  qualifications, 
elementary  though  they  be.  Most  of  the  men  that  get  commissions 
from  the  ranks  are  young  men  of  moderate  education  who  enlist  with 
the  object  of  getting  the  commission.  The  law  provides  that  all 
vacancies  existing  after  the  West  Point  class  has  been  provided  for 
shall  be  held  for  qualified  enlisted  men,  and  that  the  remainder  may 
be  given  to  civilians.  There  were,  November  7,  1907,  203  vacancies  in 
the  grade  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  Army,  and  14  enlisted  candidates 
at  Fort  Leavenworth  competing  for  them. 

Civilian  candidates. — The  same  lack  of  enthusiasm  is  displayed  by 
civilian  candidates.  There  has  been  practically  no  competition  for 
the  vacancies  caused  by  the  artillery  bill  of  last  year.  In  order  to  fill 
some  of  the  vacancies  in  the  Coast  Artillery,  invitations  were  sent  to 
the  presidents  of  125  of  the  principal  colleges  and  technical  schools  of 
the  country.  They  were  informed  that  graduates  of  these  schools 
could,  if  they  desired  it,  obtain  appointments  as  second  lieutenants  in 
the  Coast  Artillery.  After  four  months  had  elapsed  none  of  the 
schools  had  been  heard  from.  Some  few  college  graduates,  however, 
have  applied  for  designations,  and  altogether  48  civilians  are  now 
being  examined  at  Fort  Leavenworth. 

A  few  years  ago  the  President  of  the  United. States  announced  that 
he  would  give  each  year  an  appointment  as  second  lieutenant  in  the 
Army  to  an  honor  graduate  of  each  of  the  6  leading  military  schools 
in  the  country.  These  institutions  were  to  be  selected  by  a  careful 
competitive  annual  inspection,  and  to  the  6  which  excelled  in  mili- 
tary instruction  he  would  give  the  appointments.  Following  the  usual 
custom,  the  inspectors  visited  all  the  military  schools  last  spring  and 
as  a  result  of  their  reports  6  were  selected  and  the  appointments 
were  offered  to  the  6  honor  graduates.  Of  the  6,  only  2  accepted. 
Those  who  declined  gave  various  excuses,  to  the  general  effect  that 
better  opportunities  were  offered  in  civil  life.  One  of  them  (Norwich 
University,  Vermont)  stated  specifically  that  while  he  liked  military 
life  the  low  pay  and  slow  promotion  offered  by  the  Army  were  not 
sufficient  to  induce  him  to  give  up  his  prospects  in  civil  life. 

Vacancies. — The  vacancies  existing  in  the  grade  of  second  lieu- 
tenant in  the  Army  on  November  7,  1907,  were  as  follows: 

Engineers 18 

Cavalry 19 

Field  Artillery 19 

Coast  Artillery 76 

Infantry 71 

Total 203 


26 


PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF    THE   ARMY. 


This  is  24.5  per  cent  of  the  total  number  authorized  for  this  grade. 
(The  total  number  of  vacancies  in  the  grade  of  second  lieutenant  in  the 
artillery  is:  Field  Artillery,  66,  and  Coast  Artillery,  207.  The  Army 
therefore  needs  a  total  of  381  second  lieutenants  to  fill  it  to  its  full 
complement  authorized  by  existing  law,  but  under  the  law  only  19 
for  the  Field  Artillery  knd  76  for  the  Coast  Artillery  can  be  appointed 
during  this  fiscal  year.) 

Medical  Department. — Besides  these  there  are  23  vacancies  in  the 
grade  of  first  lieutenant  in  the  Medical  Dej^artment.  The  Surgeon- 
General  has  found  it  impossible  to  get  qualified  young  physicians  to 
give  up  their  prospects  in  civil  life  to  enter  the  Medical  Department 
of  the  Army. 

A  comparison  between  these  figures  and  corresponding  ones  for 
years  past  shows  the  following: 

Statement  of  number  of  vacancies  in  the  grade  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  Army. 


Year. 


Number 
authorized 
in  grade. 


Number  of 
vacancies. 


Shortage. 


January  1, 1885-1898 
January  1, 1899-1906 

January  1, 1907 

Novembers,  1907... 


o445 

a  912 

912 

1,006 


o6.2 
a  80.0 
112.0 
381.0 


Per  cent. 

1.4 

8.7 

12.0 

37.87 


a  Average. 

Resignations. — The  increasing  number  of  resignations  each  year 
is  shown  below.  All  resignations  have  been  counted  except  those 
where  an  officer  has  resigned  a  commission  in  one  arm  to  accept  one 
in  another.     These  have  been  excluded. 

Resignations  from  the  Army,  grouped  according  to  the  calendar  year  in  which  they  occurred. 

1890-1900 «  8 

1901-1904 «  23^ 

1905 25 

1906 40 

Among  those  resigning  to  accept  better  positions  in  civil  life  are 
several  men  recently  promoted  from  the  ranks.  One  case  is  that  of 
a  man  who  had  only  had  his  commission  six  months  when  he  began 
making  arrangements  to  resign  and  go  into  business. 

In  addition  to  the  tabulated  data  referred  to  in  the  body  of  this  re- 
port attention  is  also  invited  to  the  rates  of  pay  of  skilled  and  other 
laborers  in  the  Government  employ  and  the  increases  therein  in  recent 
years,  found  on  page  43,  and  to  a  few  reports  on  page  89  which  are  of 
such  interest  that  I  have  included  them  as  a  whole. 
Very  respectfully, 

Johnson  Hagood, 
Captain,  Coast  Artillery  Corps. 


a  Average. 


Exhibit  A. 

[Advertisement  in  The  Canadian  Military  Gazette.] 

RECRUITS  WANTED  FOR  THE  PERMANENT  FORCES  OF  CANADA. 


ENLISTMENT. 


Applicants  for  enlistment  must  be  bona  fide  British  subjects  of  good  character, 
unmarried,  between  the  ages  of  18  and  45,  in  good  health,  not  less  than  5  feet  6  for 
artillery  and  5  feet  5  inches  in  height  and  34  inches  around  the  chest  for  other  corps. 
They  will  be  required  to  enlist  for  three  years,  and  pass  a  medical  examination  before 
attestation. 

Corps. — Cavalry,  mounted  rifles,  field  and  garrison  artillery,  engineers,  infantry, 
army  service  corps,  and  army  medical  corps. 

Pay. 


Per 
diem. 


After  3 

years  in 

rank. 


After  6 

years  in 

rank. 


Master  gunner  at  headquarters 

Master  gunner,  artillery  districts 

Sergeant-major 

Sergeant-major,  army  medical  corps,  at  headquarters 

Ward  masters,  army  medical  corps 

Bandmasters 

Quartermaster-sergeants. 

Sergeants,  instructors  or  drill  sergeants 

Sergeants,  trumpeters  or  drummers 

Orderly  room  clerks 

Squadron  or  battery  sergeants,  major  or  color  sergeants. 

Sergeants  farrier 

Squadron,  battery,  or  company  quartermaster-sergeant. 

Sergeants 

Assistant  ward  masters,  army  medical  corps 

Corporals 

Second  corporals,  engineers 

Bombardiers 

Acting  bombardiers  or  lance  corporals 

Saddlers 

Wheelers 

Shoeing  smiths 

Trumpeters,  buglers,  or  drummers 

Gunners  or  privates 

Drivers 

Hospital  orderlies  (privates) 

Trumpeters,  buglers,  or  drummers  under  18 

Artificers,  royal  Canadian  artillery: 

Staff  sergeants 

Sergeants 

Corporals 

Bombardiers 

Gunners 

Machinery  gunners 

Engineer's  pay,  royal  Canadian  engineers: 

First-class  noncommissioned  officers  and  men 

Second-class  noncommissioned  officers  and  men 

Third-class  noncommissioned  officers  and  men 

Canadian  army  service  corps: 

Bakers 

Butchers 


$2.00 

1.50 

1.50 

1.75 

1.25 

1.50 

1.35 

1.25 

1.25 

(o) 

1.25 

1.25 

1.25 

1.00 

1.00 

.80 

.75 

.75 

.60 

(a) 

0.50 
.50 
.50 
.60 


1.75 
1.50 
1.25 
.85 
.60 
.85 

.50 
.35 
.25 

.50 
.20 


$2.25 
1.75 
1.75 
2.00 
1.50 
1  75 
1.60 
1.50 
1.35 

1.35 
1.35 
1.35 
1.10 
1.10 
.90 
.85 
.85 
.70 

(a) 
0.60 


70 


1.85 
1.60 
1.35 
.95 
.70 
.95 


$2.50 
2.00 
2.00 
2.25 
1.75 
2.00 
1.85 
1.75 
1.50 
(a) 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.25 
1.25 
1.05 
1.00 
1.00 
.85 


(a) 


0.75 
.75 
.75 

.85 


2.00 
1.75 
1.50 
1.10 
.85 
1.10 


a  According  to  rank. 


27 


28 


PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 


In  addition,  good-conduct  pay  for  those  below  the  rank  of  corporals  and  bombardiers 
as  follows:  Two  cents  per  diem  for  first  year,  3  cents  per  diem  for  second  year,  4  cents  per 
diem  for  third  year,  to  be  paid  at  termination  of  engagement;  5  cents  per  diem  for 
fourth  year,  6  cents  per  diem  for  fifth  year,  7  cents  per  diem  for  sixth  year,  on  reengage- 
ment;  7  cents  per  diem  to  continue  for  those  reengaging.  Free  rations,  barrack  accom- 
modation, and  medical  attendance. 


FREE    KIT    ON   JOINING. 


1  cloth  tunic. 
1  serge  frock. 
1  service  jacket. 
1  pair  cloth  trousers. 
1  pair  serge  trousers. 
1  pair  service  trousers. 
1  pair  puttees. 
1  cardigan  waistcoat. 


1  tuque. 
1  forage  cap. 

1  service  cap. 

2  pairs  boots. 

1  winter  cap  (on  joining  only). 

1  muffler  (on  joining  only). 

1  pair  mitts  or  gloves  (on  joining  only). 


And  thereafter  a  similar  issue  annually,  with  the  exception  of  cloth  tunics,  cloth 
trousers,  forage  cap,  winter  cap,  and  muffler,  which  will  be  issued  triennially,  with 
badges,  etc.,  according  to  rank. 

An  annual  allowance,  after  first  year's  service,  of  $3  will  be  granted  to  each  soldier 
to  enable  him  to  keep  up  his  winter  kit. 


REGIMENTAL   NECESSARIES. 


Free  on  joining,  and  to  be  kept  in  serviceable  order  at  the  soldier's  expense  during 
his  whole  period  of  service,  viz: 


3  gray  shirts. 

2  knitted  shirts. 
1  button  brush. 
1  hairbrush. 

1  shaving  brush. 
1  fork  and  knife. 
1  razor  and  case. 
1  bag,  waterproof. 
1  button  stick. 

3  pairs  socks. 
1  pair  braces. 


1  tin  grease. 
1  cloth  brush. 


pair  shoe  brushes. 

hold-all. 

spoon. 

comb. 


1 
1 

1 
1 

1  sponge. 

2  pairs  drawers, 

1  box  blacking. 

2  towels. 


not,  however,  to  exceed  $10 


The  actual  and  necessary  cost  of  transport  to  — 
in  any  case,  will  be  refunded  to  men  on  enlistment  upon  satisfactory  proof  of  such 
expenditure  having  been  incurred. 

The  following  trades  will  be  required  for  the  royal  Canadian  engineers:  Carpenters, 
masons,  electricians,  plumbers,  steamfitters  and  helpers,  bricklayers,  telegraphers, 
locksmiths,  painters,  paper  hangers,  glaziers,  joiners,  cabinetmakers,  plasterers,  and 
machinists. 

PENSIONS. 


After  twenty  years'  service  and  upwards,  soldiers  become  entitled,  on  discharge,  to 
a  pension  for  life,  varying  from  30  cents  to  $1.40  a  day,  according  to  rank  and  length 
of  service. 

Soldiers  who  have  completed  not  less  than  fifteen  years'  service  and  are  incapaci- 
tated through  infirmity  of  mind  and  body,  shall  be  entitled  to  retire  and  receive  a 
pension  for  life. 


A  BATTALION  OF  INFANTRY  AT  DRILL.    THREE  COMPANIES  COMBINED   AS  ONE. 

FORT  McDowell,  cal. 


A  company  OF  coast  ARTILLERY  FORMED   FOR  ARTILLERY  DRILL,   FORT  H.  G.  WRIGHT,   N    Y 


PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 


29 


Exhibit  B. 


RATES  OF  PAY  FOR  ENLISTED  MEN  OF  THE  II.  S.  ARMY  AS  NOW 
AUTHORIZED  BY  LAW. 


The  pay  of  enlisted  men  is  made  up  of  (a)  pay  proper,  (6)  continuous  service  and  reen- 
listed  pay,  (c)  additional  pay  for  high  qualification  in  target  practice,  etc.,  (d)  foreign- 
service  pay,  (e)  additional  pay  for  certi^cate  of  merit,  (/)  extra-duty  pay. 

(a)    PAY   PROPER. 


1.  Infantry,  cavalry,  and  field  artillery,  and  other  branches  having  corresponding  grades  and 

pay. 


Private $13 

Musician  or  trumpeter,  cavalry 13 

Wagoner,  cavalry 14 

Artificeror  mechanic,  Field  Artillery.  15 
Farrier  and  blacksmith  or  saddler, 

cavalry 15 

Corporal 15 

Chief  mechanic.  Field  Artillery 18 

Mechanic,  Coast  Artillery 18 

Cook 18 

Quartermaster-sergeant 18 

Sergeant 18 

Principal  musician  or  chief  trump- 
eter, cavalry  and  Field  Artillery..  22 


First  sergeant $25 

Color-sergeant 25 

Battalion  quartermaster-sergeant , 

Field  Artillery 25 

Battalion  or  squadron  or  junior  ser- 
geant-major    25 

Drum  major 25 

Regimental    or     senior    sergeant- 
major  34 

Regimental  quartermaster-sergeant . .  34 

Regimental  commissary-sergeant 34 

Chief  musician 60 


2.  Additional  or  different  grades  and  pay — Coast  Artillery. 


Fireman $30 

Master  gunner 34 

Electrician  sergeant 35 


Electrician  sergeant,  first  class $45 

Engineer ". 65 

Master  electrician 75 


3.  Additional  or  different  grades  and  pay — Engineers. 


Private,  first  class $17 

Cook. 20 

Corporal 20 

Sergeant 34 


Quartermaster-sergeant $34 

First  sergeant 34 

Battalion  quartermaster-sergeant 36 

Battalion  sergeant-major 36 


4.  Additional  or  different  grades  and  pay — Signal  Corps. 

Private,  first  class $17  I  Sergeant,  first  class $45 

Cook 20  !  Mas|;er  signal  electrician 75 

5.  Additional  or  different  grades  and  pay — Ordnance  Department. 
Private,  first  class $17 

6.  Additional  or  different  grades  and  pay — Hospital  Corps. 

Private $16 

Private,  first  class 18 

Corporal 20 


Sergeant $25 

Sergeant,  first  class 45 


7.  Post  noncommissioned  staff  officers. 


Quartermaster-sergeant $34 

Commissary-sergeant 34 

Ordnance  sergeant 34 

Master  electrician^ 75 


Master  signal  electrician  « $75 

Electrician    sergeant, «  Coast    Artil- 
lery       34 


o  Included  above  in  branch  in  which  serving. 


30 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF    THE   ARMY. 


(6)    CONTINUOUS    SERVICE    AND    REENLISTED   PAY. 

1.  For  continuous  service  there  is  added  to  the  pay  of  the  grade  in  which  serving — $1 
per  month  for  third  year,  $2  per  month  for  fourth  year,  $3  per  month  for  fifth  year,  $5 
per  month  for  sixth  to  tenth  year,  $6  per  month  for  eleventh  to  fifteenth  year,  $7  per 
month  for  sixteenth  to  twentieth  year,  $8  per  month  for  twenty-first  to  twenty-fifth 
year,  $9  per  month  for  twenty-sixth  to  thirtieth  year,  $10  per  month  for  thirty-first  to 
thirty-fifth  year.  For  the  purpose  of  this  increase  in  pay,  service  is  regarded  as  con- 
tinuous when  a  man  reenlists  within  three  months  from  date  of  discharge. 

2.  The  pay  of  a  man  who  has  ever  served  continuously  more  than  five  years,  and 
who  reenters  the  service  more  than  three  months  after  discharge,  commences  with 
the  amount  paid  in  the  fifth  year  of  continuous  service.     This  is  reenlisted  pay. 

3.  The  monthly  pay  proper  and  continuous  service  and  reenlisted  increases  are 
shown  for  representative  grades  at  the  various  periods  in  the  following  table: 


Grade. 


Year. 


o 

r 


INFANTRY,  CAVALRY,  AND  FIELD  ARTILLERY. 

Private 

Corporal 

Sergeant 

First  sergeant 

Battalion  sergeant-major 

Regimental  noncommissioned  staff  officer 

ADDITIONAL  GRADES— COAST  ARTILLERY. 

Fireman 

Master  gunner 

Electrician  sergeant 

Electrician  sergeant,  first  class 

Engineer 

Master  electrician 

ADDITIONAL  GRADES— ENGINEERS. 

Private,  first  class 

Corporal 

Sergeant  and  first  sergeant 

Battalion  sergeant-major 

Quartermaster-sergeant 

HOSPITAL  CORPS. 

Private 

Private,  first  class 

Corporal 

Sergeant 

Sergeant,  first  class 

SIGNAL  CORPS. 

Private',  first  class 

Sergeant,  first  class 

Master  signal  electrician 

ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT. 

Private,  first  class 

Post  noncommissioned  staff: 

Quartermaster-sergeant 

Commissary-sergeant 

Ordnance  sergeant 

Chief  musician 


$13 
15 
18 

25 

34 


$14 
16 
19 
26 
35 


$15 
17 
20 


$16 
18 
21 

28 

37 


$18 
20 
23 

30 

39 


22 


$19 
21 
24 

31 

40 


$20 
22 
25 
32 
41 


$21 
23 
26 

33 

42 


24  I 

26  I 
28 
33 
53 


$22 
24 
27 
34 
43 


PAY    OF    OFFICERS   AND    ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    ARMY. 


31 


(c)    ADDITIONAL   PAY   PER   MONTH  FOR  HIGH  QUALIFICATION  IN  TARGET  PRACTICE,    ETC. 

Infantry  and  cavalry: 

For  a  qualified  marksman $1 

For  a  qualified  sharpshooter 2 

For  a  qualified  expert  rifleman 3 

Artillery: 

For  a  qualified  gunner,  second  class " 1 

For  a  qualified  gunner,  first  class 2 

Coast  Artillery : 

For  casemate  electricians ,  observers,  first  class,  and  plotters 9 

For  chief  planters,  chief  loaders,  observers,  second  class,  gun  commanders 
and  gun  pointers 7 

In  the  infantry,  cavalry,  and  field  artillery  no  limit  is  placed  on  the  number  of 
enlisted  men  that  may  receive  additional  pay  as  indicated,  except  the  natural  limit 
incident  to  regular  qualification  as  a  requisite.  In  the  Coast  Artillery  limits  are  estab- 
lished by  law  as  follows : 


Casemate  electricians 44 

Observers,  first  class 170 

Plotters 170 

Chief  planters 44 


Chief  loaders 44 

Observers,  second  class 170 

Gun  commanders 378 

Gun  pointers 378 


(d)   FOREIGN- SERVICE    PAY. 

The  pay  of  the  enlisted  man  serving  beyond  the  continental  limits  of  the  United 
States  proper,  excepting  in  Porto  Rico  and  Hawaii,  is  increased  20  per  cent.  This 
increase  accrues  on  additional  pay  for  continuous  service,  for  high  target  qualifica- 
tion, etc. 

(e)    ADDITIONAL    PAY   FOR   CERTIFICATE    OP   MERIT. 

A  certificate  of  merit  granted  to  enlisted  men  for  distinguished  service  entitles  him 
to  $2  per  month  additional,  while  in  the  Army,  whether  on  the  active  or  retired  list. 

(/)    EXTRA-DUTY   PAY. 

Enlisted  men  detailed  to  perform  specific  and  regular  services,  not  military,  may 
receive  extra  compensation  therefor  in  time  of  peace,  and  they  are  not  entitled  to 
increase  for  foreign  service.  The  extra  compensation  authorized  for  men  thus  regu- 
larly detailed  on  extra  duty  is  35  cents  for  laborers,  teamsters,  clerks,  etc.;  50  cents 
for  mechanics,  artisans,  and  school-teachers,  and  25  cents  to  $1  for  bakers. 


Exhibit  C. 
CHARACTER  OF  SERVICE  IN  FOREIGN  ARMIES. 


Country. 


Character  of  service. 


Argentina 

Austria-Hungary 
Belgium 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

Bulgaria 

Canada 

Chile 

Colombia 

Costa  Rica 

Denmark 

Ecuador 


Compulsory  for  25  years;  20  to  45  years  of  age;  8  years  in  line  and  reserve;  12 

years  in  national  guard;  5  years  in  territorial  guard. 
Compulsory  for  23  years;  19  to  42  years  of  age. 
Voluntary,  to  be  supplemented  by  compulsory  when  necessary.    The  plan  is 

not  satisfactory  and  the  army  is  short  of  its  proper  strength.    Eight  years 

in  ranks;  5  years  in  reserves. 
Liable  for  30  years  if  called;  20  to  50  years  of  age;  no  voluntary  enlistments. 
Compulsory,  but  conscription  is  not  put  into  operation  and  army  is  aboilt  one- 
half  nominal  strength. 
Compulsory  from  18  to  46  years  of  age. 
Militia;  liable  to  service  from  18  to  60  years  of  age. 
Compulsory  from  18  to  45  years  of  age;  1  year  with  colors;  9  years  first  reserve; 

remainder,  second  reserve. 
All  able-bodied  men  liable;  has  about  5,000  men,  some  of  whom  work  on 

roads. 
All  between  18  and  50  years  of  age  may  be  required  to  serve;  has  about  1,000. 
Army  is  a  national  militia;  all  liable  from  18  to  38  years  of  age;  generally  called 

at  22,  serving  8  years  with  army  and  8  years  with  reserve. 
Compulsory  from  18  to  32  years  of  age  in  army  and  from  32  to  45  years  of  age  in 

national  guard. 


32  PAY    OF    OFFICEKS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    AEMY. 

Character  of  service  in  foreign  armies — Continued. 


Coxintry. 


Character  of  service. 


England 

France 

Germany. . . 

Greece 

Italy 

Japan 

Mexico 

Montenegro. 
Nettierlands 

Norway 

Paraguay... 

Persia 

Peru 

Portugal 

Roumania.. 

Russia 

Servia 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland . 
Turkey 


Voluntary;  7  years  in  ranks,  5  years  in  reserve;  80,000  recruits  required  annually 
but  only  about  60,000  obtained.  In  1905  the  army  was  composed  as  follows: 
194,745  English,  20,388  Scotch,  27,785  Irish,  9,271  bom  in  India  and  the  col- 
onies, 557  foreigners,  2,002  not  reported. 

Compulsory  and  universal  to  fullest  extent,  from  20  to  45  years  of  age;  2  years 
in  army,  11  years  in  first  reserve;  remainder  of  time  in  territorial  reserve. 

Compulsory  and  universal,  from  17  to  45  years  of  age. 

Compulsory  and  universal;  is  in  a  state  of  transition. 

Compulsory  and  universal;  modeled  after  Germany. 

Compulsory  and  universal;  from  17  to  40  years  of  age. 

Voluntary  for  periods  of  3,  4,  and  5  years,  supplemented  by  conscription  which 
falls  on  poorer  classes. 

Tribal  militia. 

A  modified  militia,  partly  voluntary,  partly  compulsory. 

A  national  militia;  service  compulsory  and  universal  from  18  to  50  years  of  age. 

Has  about  1,000  men  as  internal  police. 

Oriental  type,  irregularly  recruited. 

Has  4,000  men;  is  reorganizing  under  French  oflQcers. 

Recruited  by  conscription,  not  universal;  exemption  can  be  purchased;  con- 
scripts join  at  20  years  of  age  and  serve  as  follows:  3  years  in  ranks,  5  years 
in  first  reserve,  7  years  in  second  reserve. 

Compulsory  and  universal;  liable  from  21  to  46  years  of  age;  3  years  in  army, 
6  years  in  reserve  of  active  army,  etc. 

Compulsory  and  universal;  liable  from  21  to  43  years  of  age. 

Compulsory  and  universal;  liable  from  18  to  50  years  of  age;  recruits  gener- 
ally join  at  21. 

Compulsory  by  conscription;  exemption  may  be  purchased;  service  is  6 
years— 3  years  with  colors,  3  years  with  reserve;  alter  this,  second  reserve. 

In  state  of  transition;  partly  voluntary  enlistments,  partly  feudal  militia. 

Militia,  compulsory  and  universal;  small  portion  permanent. 

Theoretically  compulsory  on  Moslems;  is  being  Europeanized. 


Exhibit  D. 

COMPARATIVE  SALE  PRICES  OF  SUBSISTENCE  STORES  FOR 
NOVEMBER,  1899,  AND  NOVEMBER,  1907,  AND  THE  PER  CENT 
OF  INCREASE  DURING  THE  NINE  YEARS: 


1907. 


Increase. 


Apples can. 

Apples,  evaporated pound- 
Bacon,  breakfast do . . . 

Bacon,  issue do. . . 

Baking  powder do. . . 

Beef,  fresh do . . . 

Beef,  corned can. 

Beef,  sliced do. . . 

Beans,  white pound. 

Beans,  baked can . 

Butter pound . 

Cheese,  American do. . . 

Chocolate,  plain do. . . 

Cinnamon,  ground do. . . 

Cloves,  ground do . . . 

Cocoa,  breakfast do . . . 

Coffee,  green do . . . 

Coffee,  roasted  and  green do. . . 

Corn,  green can. 

Com  meal pound . 

Flour,  issue do . . . 

Flour,  family do. . . 

Ham,  sugar  cured do . . . 

Hominy,  ground package . 

Jelly,  currant can. 

Lard,  5-pound do. . . 

Milk,  malted bottle . 

Macaroni pound . 

Mushrooms can . 

Nutmegs pound . 

Oatmeal package . 

a  Earliest  record,  1903. 


Cents. 
8.5 
8 

11.47 
8.19 
35 
5.67 
15§ 
«14J 
2.23 
51 
24 
11.8 
0  25.4 
65 
22 
a  31 
8.75 
13 

^ 

1.5 

2.16 

2.3 

13 
4.6 

27 

33J 

36.5 
4.5 

19 

45.5 
6.25 


Cents. 

10.84 

10.84 

20 

12.53 

37.6 
6.33 

24.79 

20 
3.1 
9.5 

30 

16 

31 

85 

40 

36.7 

11.5 

17.7 
8.5 
1.97 
2.75 
2.89 

18 
5.24 

33§ 

67.5 

56.66 
6 

22.5 

62 
8.7 


Per  cent. 
27i 
31 
74 
53 
07 


Hi 


58: 


25 
36 
22 
31 
80 
15 
33 
36 
34 
31 
27 
25J 
38i 
16 
23 
100 
58 
33 
13 
36 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY.  33 

Comparative  sale  prices  of  subsistence  stores,  6ic.— Continued. 


1907. 


Increase. 


Olive  oil .bottle. 

Olives do . . . 

Onions pound . 

Paper,  toilet package. 

Peaches can. 

Peaches,  evaporated pound. 

Peas,  American can. 

Peas,  split pound. 

Pepper,  black do. . . 

Pickles,  cucumber gallon. 

Pickles,  gherkins bottle. 

Potatoes,  fresh pound. 

Prunes do . . . 

Rice do . . . 

Sardines can. . . 

Salmon .^. do . . . 

Syrup,  maple -*I do. . . 

Soap,  laundry pound . 

Starch,  corn do . . . 

Starch,  laundry do. . . 

Tapioca do. . . 

Tea,  E.  B do. . . 

Tomatoes can. 

Towels,  buck number. 

Toweling yard. 

Vinegar gallon. 


Cents. 
45 
37.5 

1.5 

5 
20 

8 

8.25 

1.94 
16.75 
o 16.49 
20 

0.98 

51 

4.6 
15 

7.95 
37.5 

2.93 

5.81 

5 

5.37 
54 

1? 

7.25 
9.75 


Cents. 
50 
55 

1.97 

6 

26.7 
13.8 
12.75 

3.28 
20 
30 
28 

1.47 

6.6 

6.55 
24 
13.2 
63.25 

4.29 

7.4 

7 

8.75 
63 

9.25 
26.25 

9.75 
14.75 


Per  cent. 
11 
46 
31 
20 
33i 
72§ 
54 
69 
19 
82 
40 
33 
23 
42 
60 
40 


27 

40 

62 

16 

34i 

54 

34 

51 


a  Earliest  record,  1903. 


Exhibit  E. 


COMPARISON  BETWEEN  THE  PAY  OF  ENLISTED  MEN  IN 
BRITISH  AND  AMERICAN  ARMIES. 


[From  Maj.  John  H.  Beacom,  military  attach^,  London,  England,  No.  437,  date  February  17, 1905.] 

In  America  one  frequently  hears  it  asserted  that  ' '  the  American  soldier  is  the  best- 
paid  soldier  in  the  world,  "  and  in  support  of  that  assertion  the  pay  of  a  private  of  infan- 
try in  various  armies  is  generally  stated  to  be  about  as  follows: 

United  States $13. 00 

Great  Britain 7. 14 

Germany 2. 50 

France 1.  70 

Austro-Hungary ' 73 

Japan .60 

Russia 12 

It  is  an  old  saying  that  figures  can  not  lie,  but  it  is  not  a  true  one.  If  the  above 
figures  are  to  be  taken  literally  (and  it  is  evidently  the  intention  of  those  who  publish 
them  without  remark  that  they  should  be  taken  literally),  we  must  conclude  that  the 
American  soldier  is  about  twice  as  well  off  as  the  British  soldier,  and  about  twenty-two 
times  as  well  off  as  the  Japanese.  In  other  words,  the  condition  of  the  Japanese  soldier 
is  as  much  inferior  to  that  of  the  American  soldier  as  the  condition  of  the  American 
soldier  would  be  to  that  of  the  Japanese  if  the  latter  got  $281  gold  per  month.  No 
allowance  is  made  for  the  difference  in  purchasing  power  of  the  gold  dollar  in  these 
various  countries;  and  no  notice  is  taken  of  the  fact  that  in  Great  Britain  and  America 
military  service  is  voluntary,  while  in  the  other  countries  it  is  compulsory,  and  that 
therefore  no  comparisons,  as  regards  pay,  can  properly  be  made  between  these  two 
groups. 

To  publish  the  above  figures  without  comment  may  assist  recruiting  in  America, 
but  it  is  not  quite  fair  to  the  enlisted  men  nor  to  the  people  generally. 

Whether  military  service  in  any  particular  country  should  be  voluntary  or  com- 
pulsory is  not  a  question  of  morals,  but  of  necessity.  It  is  the  undoubted  right,  and 
perhaps  it  is  the  duty,  of  the  State  to  require  the  children  of  the  country  to  attend 
the  public  schools,  that  they  may  be  better  prepared  as  individuals  to  earn  a  living 
and  to  do  something  to  enhance  the  prosperity  and  the  power  of  the  State.  But  no- 
body expects  the  State  to  pay  the  children  while  attending  the  school. 

18386—07 3 


u 


PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   AKMY. 


It  may  be  necessary,  in  order  to  complete  the  education  of  the  individual  and  to 
insure  the  preservation  of  the  State,  to  supplement  the  training  of  the  schools  with  a 
period  of  military  training,  and  if  so,  the  members  of  this  training  school  should  not 
expect  to  receive  pay  from  the  State,  at  least  not  as  much  as  they  could  earn  in  civil 
pursuits.  The  countries  above  enumerated,  with  the  exception  of  the  United  States 
and  Great  Britain,  are  of  this  class,  and  the  pay  of  the  soldier  undergoing  his  training 
in  the  great  national  school  must  not  be  looked  upon  as  a  full  wage,  but  rather  as  a 
gratuity  to  meet  some  of  his  small  wants,  which  in  the  earlier  periods  of  his  training 
were  met  by  his  parents. 

PAY   OP  THE   AMERICAN   AND   BRITISH   SOLDIER  COMPARED. 

The  only  soldier,  then,  with  whom  the  American  soldier  should  be  compared  as 
regards  to  pay  is  the  British  soldier.  But  it  is  not  easy  to  say  just  what  the  pay  of  the 
British  soldier  is,  as  it  is  made  up  of  regimental  pay,  good-conduct  pay,  service  pay, 
etc.  Good-conduct  pay,  under  certain  conditions,  merges  into  service  pay,  and 
service  pay  varies  according  to  the  "efficiency"  rating  of  the  man.  To  simplify  the 
problem,  I  shall  use  the  figures  which  the  experts  have  arrived  at  as  "  a  fair  average. ' ' 

In  considering  the  pay  of  privates  in  the  two  armies,  I  shall  first  consider  the  first 
two  years  of  service,  as  this  is  looked  upon  in  both  services  as  a  species  of  apprentice- 
ship. Then  I  shall  consider  the  third  year,  as  the  first  increment  of  pay  in  both 
services  begins  with  this  year. 

^  I  shall  assume  that  the  corporals  are  in  the  fourth  year  of  service,  sergeants  in  the 
sixth,  first  sergeants  in  the  eighth,  and  regimental  quartermaster-sergeants  and  ser- 
geant-majors in  the  tenth  year  of  service,  which  I  believe  to  be  fair.  I  shall  take  into 
consideration  only  the  infantry,  cavalry,  and  artillery,  but  as  they  constitute  the 
great  bulk  of  the  army  it  can  not  be  said  that  our  conclusions  are  drawn  from  narrow 
premises.  The  great  majority  of  recruits  for  these  three  arms  are  drawn  from  the 
same  class  of  labor,  the  unskilled  labor;  but  if  we  were  to  consider  the  special -service 
corps  we  would  have  to  enter,  to  a  certain  extent,  into  the  field  of  skilled  labor,  which 
would  complicate  the  investigation  without  modifying  in  any  great  measure  the 
conclusions  to  be  drawn  from  our  data. 

After  ascertaining  the  facts  concerning  the  pay  of  the  above  classes  of  enlisted  men 
we  will  be  prepared  to  determine  the  real  question  involved,  viz. ,  Which  is  the  better 
oft  in  comparison  with  men  of  his  class  in  his  own  country  in  civil  life,  the  American 
or  the  British  soldier? 

It  is  generally  believed,  both  in  Great  BritainandAmerica,  that  the  American  soldier 
is  very  much  better  paid  than  the  British  soldier,  and  it  seems  a  little  remarkable  in 
face  of  the  facts  that  we  shall  array  against  this  belief  that  the  truth  of  it  should  never 
have  been  questioned. 

Monthly  pay  of  enlisted  men  of  infantry,  cavalry,  and  artillery. 


United 
States. 


Great  Britain. 


British 
currency. 


United 

States 

currency. 


Privates,  first  and  second  year  of  service. 
Infantry :  o 

Regimental  pay  first  year ^. 

Regimental  pay  second  year 

Deferred  pay  first  and  second  years,  received  on  discharge 

Total 

Average  monthly  pay  first  and  second  year 

Cavalry ,&  calculated  as  above 

Artillery,c  calculated  as  above 


$156.00 
156.00 


£  s.  d. 

15  19  6 

18  5  0 

2  0  0 


312.00 
13.00 
13.00 
13.00 


36    4  6 

1  10  2 

1  15  3 

1  18  5 


$7.34 
8.58 
9.34 


Average  monthly  pay  of  these  services  for  first  and  second  years  d. 


13.00 


1  11  11 


7.76 


a  This  is  for  the  infantry  of  the  line.  The  guards  get  better  pay.  The  pay  for  the  first  yearis  given 
in  the  pay  tables  as  the  same  as  for  the  second  year,  but  as  3d  per  day  is  deducted  for  groceries  during 
first  six  months,  I  have  deducted  this  amount  from  his  pay. 

b  This  is  for  cavalry  of  the  line.    Household  cavalry  get  much  better  pay. 

c  This  is  for  garrison,  mountain,  and  field  artillery.    Horse  artillery  get  better  pay. 

d  Calculated  on  basis  of  7  infantrymen  to  1  cavalryman  and  2  artillerymen. 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN   OF   THE   ARMY. 


35 


Monthly  pay  of  enlisted  men  of  infantry,  cavalry,  and  artillery — Continued. 


United 
States, 


British 
currency. 


Great  Britain. 


United 

States 

currency. 


Privates,  third  year  of  service. 
Infantry: 

Regimental  pay 

Service  pay  a 

Deferred  pay  (on  discharge) 


Total 

Monthly  pay  third  year  . . 
Cavalry,  calculated  as  above. , 
Artillery,  calculated  as  above. 


Average. 


Corporals,  fourth  year  of  service. 


Infantry,  calculated  as  above. 
Cavalry,  calculated  as  above. . 
Artillery,  calculated  as  above. 


Average. 


Sergeants,  sixth  year  of  service. 


Infantry,  calculated  as  above. 
Cavalry,  calculated  as  above. 
Artillery,  calculated  as  above. 


First  sergeants,  eighth  year  of  service,  b 


Infantry,  calculated  as  above. 
Cavalry,  calculated  as  above. . 
Artillery,  calculated  as  above. 


Average 

Regimental  quartermaster-sergeants,  tenth  year  of  service. 


Infantry,  calculated  as  above. 
Cavalry,  calculated  as  above. . 
Artillery,  calculated  as  above. 


Average 

Regimental  sergeant-majors,  tenth  year  of  service. 

Infantry,  calculated  as  above 

Cavalry,  calculated  as  above 

Artillery,  calculated  as  above 


Average. 


$68.00 


£  s.  d. 

18    5  0 

7  12  1 

10  0 


168.00 
14.00 
14.00 
14.00 


26  17  1 
2  4  9 
2  9  10 
2  11  1 


14.00 


17.00 
17.00 
17.00 


3  7  7 

3  17  8 

4  12  11 


17.00 


3  13  8 


23.00 
23.00 
23.00 


4  8  10 
4  19  0 
4  14  11 


30.00 
30.00 
30.00 


9  2 
9  8 
19  7 


30.00 


5  19  4 


40.00 
40.00 
40.00 


6  19  7 

7  9  8 

7  4  7 


40.00 


7  1  7 


40.00 
40.00 
40.00 


9  10 
19  11 
15  2 


40.00 


8  15  10 


$10.89 
12.13 
12.43 


11.31 


16.44 
18.90 
22.61 


17.92 


21.61 
24.09 
23.09 


26.57 
36.42 
33.96 


29.04 


33.96 
36.42 
34.45 


34.45 


41.33 
43.78 
47.48 


42.79 


a  Service  pay  is  issued  to  men  of  2  or  more  years'  service  who  have  enlisted  or  extended  for  more  than 
3  years'  service  with  the  colors.  The  daily  rates  are:  Class  I,  efl&cients,  6d;  Class  II,  eflBcients,  4d,  with 
an  additional  Id  for  good  conduct  after  5  years'  total  service.  In  these  calculations  the  rate  has  been 
taken  at  5d. 

b  The  first  sergeant  of  a  company  of  infantry,  British  service,  is  called  color  sergeant;  of  a  squadron 
of  cavalry,  and  battery  of  artillery,  sergeant-major. 

c  Warrant  officer  in  British  service. 


We  will  now  assemble  these  results  so  as  to  get  a  bird's-eye  view  of  them: 


Regimental  sergeant-majors 

Regimental  quartermaster-sergeants 

First  sergeants 

Sergeants 

Corporals 

Privates,  third  year 

Privates,  first  and  second  year 


United 

States. 


$40.00 
40.00 
30.00 
23.00 
17.00 
14.00 
13.00 


Great  Britain. 


British 
currency. 


£  s.  d. 

8  15  10 

7  17 

5  19  4 

4  14  11 

3  13  8 

2  6  6 

1  11  11 


United 

States 

currency. 


$42.79 
34.45 
29.04 
23.09 
17.92 
11.31 
7.76 


36 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 


These  are  the  facts  concerning  pay,  but  as  the  soldiers  of  the  two  countries  do  not 
compete  with  each  other  as  regards  pay,  but  each  competes  with  the  class  of  labor  from 
which  he  comes,  we  are  not  prepared  to  say  which  is  the  better  off  until  we  determine 
the  relative  advantages  and  disadvantages  of  the  unskilled  laborer  in  the  two  countries. 
To  do  this  we  must  consider  two  things:  (1)  The  wages  paid  unskilled  laborers  in  Great 
Britain  and  America;  (2)  the  purchasing  power  of  a  unit  of  gold  in  these  two  countries. 

This  leads  to  many  calculations  and  to  much  trouble,  but  as  these  are  important 
steps  in  the  discussion,  I  deem  it  necessary  to  sketch  briefly  the  method  followed,  even 
at  the  risk  of  becoming  tiresome. 

EARNING  POWER. 

The  various  publications  of  the  London  Board  of  Trade  and  of  the  Bureau  of  Labor, 
Washington,  give  pretty  complete  data  relating  to  wages  and  hours  of  labor,  prepared 
by  the  labor  experts  in  the  two  countries,  and  I  conclude  from  a  comparative  study 
of  these  data  that — 

The  earning  power  of  unskilled  labor  in  Great  Britain  is  to  the  earning  power  of 
unskilled  labor  in  America  as  3  is  to  5. 

The  ratio  3  to  5  is  based  on  "wages  per  hour,"  but  if  it  were  based  on  ''weekly  earn- 
ings" it  would  be  still  higher,  as  the  American  laborer  works  more  hours  j)er  week 
than  the  British  laborer.  If  it  were  skilled  labor  we  were  considering,  this  ratio  would 
be  higher  still. 

PURCHASING  POWER. 

As  regards  the  purchasing  power  of  a  unit  of  gold  in  Great  Britain  and  America  for 
those  things  that  may  be  regarded  by  the  unskilled  laborer  as  necessities,  the  data  at 
hand  are  so  incomplete  that  it  is  even  more  difficult  to  demonstrate  the  relative  pur- 
chasing power  than  the  relative  earning  power,  but  my  conclusion  is  that  the  purchas- 
ing power  of  a  unit  of  gold  in  America  when  applied  to  workingmen's  wants  is  greater 
than  in  Great  Britain  and  consequently  that  the  "cost  of  living"  is  less. 

It  is  generally  assumed  that  the  cost  of  living  in  America,  even  for  the  laborer,  is 
more  than  it  is  in  Great  Britain,  but  this  is  a  mistake.  It  is  true  that  the  American 
laborer  spends  more  than  the  British  laborer,  but  that  is  not  due  to  a  difference  in  the 
cost  of  the  articles  in  the  two  countries  but  to  the  difference  in  the  scale  of  living 
adopted  by  the  two  men. 

For  the  purpose  of  making  comparisons,  the  "cost  of  living"  is  usually  taken  to  be 
the  aggregate  cost  of  food,  rent,  clothing,  and  fuel  and  li^ht,  and  in  the  calculations 
each  IS  given  a  "weight"  in  accordance  with  its  relative  importance,  determined  by 
average  consumption.    The  "weights"  used  in  these  calculations  are  shown  below: 


Weight  in- 

Great 
Britain. 

The  United 
States. 

Food 

7 
2 
2 
1 

6.8 

Rent 

2.2 

Clothing                                                                     .      . 

2.2 

Fuel  and  light 

.8 

Total 

12 

12.0 

Food. — In  the  calculations  concerning  food,  only  the  following  items  are  considered: 
Bread  and  flour,  meat  (including  beef,  mutton,  pork,  veal,  and  sausage),  bacon,  fresh 
milk,  cheese,  butter,  tea,  and  sugar. 

The  retail  prices  of  these  articles  in  Great  Britain  and  America,  expressed  in  Ameri- 
can cents  and  the  weights  given  them  in  the  United  States,  are  shown  below: 


Price  in- 

Weight  in 

the  United 

States. 

Great 
Britain. 

United 
States. 

Bread  and  flour 

Meat 

pound.. 

.  .do 

2.68 
16.47 
16.67 

6.16 
15.66 
26.02 
45.00 

4.42 

2.46 
13.40 
12.47 

6.10 
16.38 
24.56 
50.00 

5.87 

11 
30 

Bacon 

do.... 

5 

Fresh  milk 

Cheese 

Butter 

quart.. 

pound.. 

do 

8 

1 

11 

Tea         

do.... 

2 

Sugar 

do 

6 

PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF    THE   ABMY. 


37 


The  British  weights  should  differ  slightly  from  the  American,  but  apparently  they 
have  not  been  determined. 

The  conclusion  to  be  drawn  from  the  above  prices  and  weights  is  that  if  the  food 
of  a  British  laborer  costs  him  100,  that  of  the  American  will  cost  him  only  89. 

Rentals. — It  is  scarcely  possible  to  make  comparisons  between  the  rentals  in  the 
two  countries,  and  I  do  not  attempt  to  do  so,  but  it  is  probable  that  a  "unit  of  house 
accommodation"  would  cost  a  little  more  in  America  than  in  Great  Britain. 

Clothing. — It  is  also  difficult  to  arrive  at  a  definite  conclusion  on  the  subject  of 
clothing,  but  it  is  probable  that  a  ''unit  of  clothing  power"  costs  a  little  more  in 
America  than  in  Great  Britain. 

Fuel  and  light. — The  relative  cost  of  fuel  and  light  is  more  nearly  determinable 
and  the  conclusion  is  that  the  American  laborer  pays  a  little  less  for  a  "unit  of  fuel 
and  light"  (weight  for  fuel  being  5  and  for  light  1)  than  the  British  laborer  pays. 

The  relative  cost  of  food  as  shown  above  is  as  100  is  to  89,  and  I  believe  the  relative 
cost  of  the  other  items  in  the  "cost  of  living"  is  fairly  expressed  by  the  "weights" 
given  to  these  in  Great  Britain  and  America,  namely:  Rent  in  Great  Britain  2,  in 
America  2.2;  clothing  in  Great  Britain  2,  in  America  2.2;  fuel  and  light  in  Great  Britain 
1,  in  America  0.8. 

With  this  assumption  we  are  able  to  arrive  jat  the  following  conclusions:  The  cost 
of  living  in  Great  Britain  is  to  the  cost  of  living  in  America  as  10  is  to  9. 

As  this  article  is  intended  for  American  consumption,  I  shall  convert  the  pay  of 
the  British  soldier,  treating  it  as  wages,  into  what  would  be  its  American  equivalent, 
were  he  serving  in  America  and  competing  with  the  American  instead  of  the  British 
laborer.  To  do  this,  I  use  the  multiplier  5/3  deducted  from  a  comparison  of  the 
earning  power  of  the  unskilled  laborer  in  the  two  countries.  The  result  as  shown 
below  expresses  in  cold  figures  the  relative  advantages  of  the  two  services  as  regards 
pay  or  wages: 


Pay  of 
United 
States  sol- 
dier. 


American 
equivalent 

of  pay  of 
British 
soldier. 


Regimental  sergeant-majors 

Regimental  quartermaster-sergeants, 

First  sergeants 

Sergeants 

Corporals 

Privates,  third  year 

Privates,  first  year 


$40.00 
40.00 
30.00 
2a  00 
17.00 
14.00 

laoo 


$71.  35 
57.45 
4a  40 
38.50 
29.90 
1&85 
12.95 


But  we  have  yet  to  apply  to  the  above  figures,  expressing  the  American  equivalent 
of  the  pay  of  the  British  soldier,  our  conversion  factor  10/9  in  order  to  determine  the 
purchasing  power  of  these  amounts,  assuming  that  they  were  to  be  spent  in  America 
instead  of  in  Great  Britain.  The  resulting  columns  of  figures  express  mathematically 
the  financial  condition  of  the  two  soldiers  after  "earning  power"  and  "purchasing 
power"  in  the  two  countries  have  been  introduced  into  the  pay  tables  with  which 
we  started. 


Financial  condition 
of- 


American 
soldier. 


British 
soldier. 


Regimental  sergeant-majors 

Regimental  quartermaster-sergeants, 

First  sergeants 

Sergeants , 

Corporals 

Privates,  third  year 

Privates,  first  year 


Is  there  any  longer  any  doubt  as  to  which  is  the  better  off  in  comparison  with  men 
of  his  class  in  his  own  country  in  civil  life? 


38  PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 

COMMENT. 

These  figures,  unlike  those  with  which  we  started,  tell  the  truth.  I  do  not  claim  that 
it  is  the  exact  truth,  for  of  the  infinite  number  of  facts  that  enter  into  a  problem  of  this 
character  we  have  only  considered  a  few;  but  the  ones  we  have  chosen  are  the  domi- 
nant ones. 

The  man  who  may  wish  to  make  a  better  showing  for  the  American  soldier  than  I 
have  made  may  take  exception  to  some  of  the  above  data.  For  instance,  he  may  point 
out  that  all  British  soldiers  do  not  get  service  pay  in  the  third  year.  That  is  so;  but 
all  long-service  men,  if  efficient,  get  it,  and  none  but  long-service  men  are  now  being 
enlisted,  and  all  short-service  men  (three-year  men)  who  elect  to  extend  their  service, 
get  it  if  efficient.  Whether  a  short-term  man  draws  it  or  not  depends  on  his  willing- 
ness to  extend  his  service  and  on  his  efficiency.  About  one-half  of  the  army  now 
draw  it,  and  under  present  arrangements  the  percentage  of  men  drawing  service  pay 
will  continue  to  increase.  If  we  were  to  take  an  average,  it  would  reduce  the  pay  of 
the  third  year  from  $18.85,  as  above  stated,  to  $16.31. 

Under  certain  circumstances  a  British  soldier  is  charged  for  medical  treatment, 
whereas  the  American  soldier  gets  free  treatment  under  all  circumstances,  even  when 
the  illness  is  due  to  his  own  fault.  But  this  is  an  indefinite  quantity  and  does  not 
amount  to  much  in  the  aggregate  and  has  not  been  included  in  the  calculations. 

It  may  be  claimed  that  as  the  majority  of  the  soldiers  are  not  married  men  we  should 
not  have  considered  the  cost  of  living,  because  the  soldier's  food,  house,  clothing,  and 
fuel  and  light  are  all  provided  for  him,  and  consequently  that  his  pay  should  not  have 
been  considered  as  wages,  but  as  savings.  This  is  partially  true;  but  as  a  good  many 
of  the  soldiers  are  married  the  cost  of  living  has  been  included  in  the  calculations. 

It  may  also  be  argued  that  in  determining  the  cost  of  living  the  rents  and  cost  of 
clothing  in  America  have  been  put  too  low.  It  may  be;  but  if  so,  then  the  error  (if  it 
be  an  error)  made  by  including  the  cost  of  living  would  be  correspondingly  diminished. 

I  do  not  think  it  will  be  claimed  that  any  readjustment  of  rentals  and  cost  of  living 
would  be  sufficient  to  put  the  cost  of  living  in  America  higher  than  it  is  in  Great 
Britain;  so  whether  we  include  or  exclude  the  cost  of  living  will  not  alter  the  general 
conclusion. 

Another  claim  that  might  be  advanced  is  the  usual  one  that  the  American  soldier  is 
better  fed,  better  housed,  and  better  clothed  (not  better  dressed)  than  the  British 
soldier  of  equal  rank,  and  in  these  respects  I  think  he  has  a  little  the  best  of  it.  But 
the  food  and  clothing  and  shelter  in  both  services  are  supposed  to  be  sufficient,  and  to 
be  suited  to  the  climatic  conditions  under  which  the  men  serve,  and  if  we  compare 
the  food,  shelter,  and  clothing  of  the  two  soldiers  with  the  food,  clothing,  and  shelter 
of  men  of  their  own  class  in  civil  life  we  will  not  find  that  either  has  any  great 
advantage  over  the  other. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  man  who  wishes  to  make  a  better  showing  for  the  British 
soldier  than  I  have  made  may  invite  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  British  foot  and 
horse  guards,  who  are  highly  paid,  have  not  been  included  in  the  calculations,  and  he 
may  argue  that  if  these  and  the  horse  artillery,  the  engineers,  and  the  hospital  corps  had 
been  included,  a  much  better  showing  would  have  been  made  for  the  British  soldier. 
He  may  invite  attention  to  the  fact  that  all  warrant  officers  are  allowed  to  marry;  that 
50  per  cent  of  the  sergeants  and  from  3  to  7  per  cent  of  the  lower  grades  are  allowed  to 
marry,  and  that  the  families  of  married  soldiers  are  allowed  barrack  accommodations  or 
lodging  allowances,  and  that  when  the  emergencies  of  the  service  require  the  separa- 
tion of  a  married  soldier  from  his  family,  a  separation  allowance  is  granted  to  them  (his 
wife  and  each  girl  under  16  and  boy  under  14)  varying  according  to  the  status  of  the 
soldier.  He  may  quote  the  British  regulations  to  show  that  it  is  not  necessary  for  the 
soldier  to  serve  the  very  long  period  of  thirty  years,  as  he  must  do  in  the  American 
Army,  before  he  is  entitled  to  pension  for  length  of  service,  but  that  he  acquires  such 
right  after  twenty-one  years. 

Other  things — many  other  things — ^both  pro  and  con  might  be  brought  forward,  but 
they  would  not  alter  the  conclusion  that  we  are  forced  to  draw  from  the  above  figures, 
namely,  that  the  American  soldier  is  the  worst  paid  volunteer  soldier  in  the  world. 


PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   ARMY. 


39 


Exhibit  F. 

RATES  OF  PAY  OF  THE  POLICE  FORCE  OF  VARIOUS  CITIES  OF 
THE  UNITED  STATES,  CANADA,  AND  CUBA,  AND  THE  INCREASES 
THAT  HAVE  BEEN  MADE  THEREIN  IN  RECENT  YEARS. 


1832: 


New  York  City,  N.  Y. 


1843: 


Captains per  night . 

Assistant  captains do . . . 

Watchmen do. . . 

\: 

12  captains do . . . 

24  assistant  captains do. . . 

976  watchmen do. . . 

1853: 

20  captains. •-. per  annum . 

40  lieutenants do . . . 

79  sergeants  and  policemen do . . . 

Doormen do... 

1864: 

32  captains do. . . 

120  sergeants do. . . 

1,692  patrolmen do. . . 

64  doormen do. . . 

1880: 

Captains do . . . 

Sergeants do. .  . 

Patrolmen — 

Third  grade .do 

Second  grade do. . . 

First  grade do. . . 

1884: 

Captains do 

Sergeants do. . . 

Patrolmen — 

Third  grade do 

Second  grade .' do 

First  grade do 

1907: 

Captains do . . . 

Lieutenants do . . . 

Sergeants do. . . 

Patrolmen — 

Seventh  grade do. . . 

Sixth  grade do. . . 

Fifth  grade do... 

Fourth  grade do. . . 

Third  grade do 

Second  grade do. . . 

First  grade do. . . 


$1.87 
1.50 
LOO 

2.25 
1.75 
1.00 

1,  000. 00 
800. 00 
700.00 
600.00 


1,  500. 00 

1,  200. 00 

1,  000. 00 

800.00 


1,  800. 00 

1,  250. 00 

800.00 

900. 00 

1, 000. 00 

2,  000. 00 
1,  600. 00 

1,  000. 00 
1, 100. 00 
1,  200. 00 

2,750.00 
2, 000. 00 
1,  500. 00 

800.00 
900.00 
1,000.00 
1, 150. 00 
1,  250. 00 
1,  350. 00 
1, 400. 00 


Retirements. — After  twenty-five  years'  service,  if  55  years  of  age,  one-half  rate  of 
compensation;  after  twenty  years'  service,  on  certificate  of  surgeons  (physical  dis- 
ability) one-half  rate  of  compensation;  for  physical  disability  (in  performance  of 
duty),  if  less  than  twenty  years'  service,  not  more  than  one-half  rate  of  compensation. 


40  PAY    OF    OFFICERS    AND    ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    ARMY. 

Washington,  D.  C. 


1861. 

1871. 

1881. 

1891. 

1901. 

1907. 

$1,740 

$2,610 

$2,610 

$3,320 

$3,320 

$4,000 
2,500 
1,800 
1  500 

Assistant  superintendent 

1,500 
1,800 
1,320 
1,140 

1,500 
1,800 
1,320 
1,140 

Captain 

1,200 
840 
780 
720 

1,800 
1,380 
1,290 
1,200 

1,800 
1,200 
1,140 

Lieutenant 

1,320 
1,250 

Private.         .         .             .                   

Private,  class  1 

900 
1,080 

900 
1,080 

900 
1,080 

900 

Private,  class  2 

1,080 
1,200 

Private,  class  3 

Members  of  the  force  are  required  to  furnish  their  own  uniforms,  costing  $14.65  for  summer  wear  and 
$32.95  for  winter.  They  must  also  furnish  helmets  at  $2.50  each,  and  mounted  men  their  own  horses, 
with  $240  a  year  extra  pay  for  forage  and  keep. 

Montreal,  Quebec. 

Chief  of  police per  annum . .  $3,  500 

Quartermaster do l^  600 

Inspectors do 1,  600 

Captains do 850 

Lieutenants do 800 

Constables,  first  year do 600 

Constables,  second  and  third  years do 650 

Constables,  over  three  years'  service do 700 

Patrol  sergeants do 775 

Chief  of  detectives do 2, 750 

Sergeant  of  detectives do 1, 400 

Detectives,  first  class do 1, 025 

Detectives,  second  class do 925 

Patrol  operators do 750 

Matron do 520 

Chicago,  III. 


1884. 

1903. 

1906. 

$1,000 

$1,100 

$1,200 

New  Orleans,  La. 


1905. 


1907. 


Captains.. 
Sergeants. 
Corporals. 
Patrolmen 


$1,000 
840 
720 


$1,320 


780 
720 


$1,320 


840 
780 


Kansas  City,  Mo. 


1897. 


1907. 


Chief  of  police 

Inspector,  who  is  chief  of  detectives 

Captains 

Lieutenants 

Detectives 

Sergeants 

Patrolmen 

Probationary  patrolmen 


$3,000 

$3,000 

1,800 

2,400 

1,200 

1,500 

1,080 

1,200 

960 

1,080 

960 

1,080 

900 

960 

720 

720 

PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 
Baltimore,  Md. 


41 


1857. 


18G4. 


1865. 


1907. 


All  patrolmen per  week. . 


$10 


$14 


$18 


$20 


In  1850  watchmen  received  $1.75  per  night,  and  day  police  $500  per  annum. 

iV.  Y. 


1863. 

1865. 

1880. 

1889. 

1896. 

Captain        .                                         

$600 
500 

$800 
700 

$1,100 
800 

$1,200 
900 

$1,400 

900 

In  1896  three  grades  of  patrolmen  were  established:  First  grade  at  $900,  second  grade  at  $800,  and 
the  third  grade  at  $720  per  annum.    Billis  pending  to  increase  salaries. 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 


Policemen per  month..   $36.00     $75.00     $83.33      $90.00 


1854. 


1887. 


Pittsburg,  Pa. 

' 

1854. 

1878. 

1887. 

1903. 

Watchmen 

per  night. . 

per  day. . 

$1.00 

$2.00 

$2.50 

$3.00 

About  the  year  1895  the  council  passed  an  ordinance  increasing  the  pay  of  patrolmen  $30  a  year  in 
addition  to  their  regular  pay,  for  pension-fund  purposes;  in  1906  this  amount  was  increased  to  $50 
per  year.    An  ordinance  passed  this  spring  grants  a  two  weeks'  vacation  to  each  patrolman  with  pay. 

Newark,  N.  J. 


1863. 


1907. 


Chief 

Captain 

Lieutenant  or  sergeant. 


Round  sergeant  or  roundsman . 

Detective  sergeant 

Detective 

Patrolman 

First  year 

Second  year 

Third  year 

Fourth  year 


Per  year. 

$1,000.00 
950.00 
800.00 

Per  day. 

1.87i 


1.87i 
1.62J 


Per  year. 
$3,000.00 
2,400.00 
1,400.00 


1,300.00 
1,400.00 
1,300.00 


900.00 
1,000.00 
1,100.00 
1,200.00 


San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Prior  to 
1900. 


1900. 


Captain I)er  month. . '  $150 

Lieutenant do -  140 

Detective  sergeant do '  125 

Patrol  sergeant do i  125 

Corporal do i  115 

-Patrolman do '  100 

i 


$200 
140 
150 
125 
115 
100 


There  is  a  proposition  before  the  people,  to  be  voted  on  this  coming  election,  which,  if  carried,  will 
raise  lieutenants  to  $160  and  sergeants  to  $140. 


42 


PAY  OF   OFFICEKS  AND  ENLISTED   MEN   OF  THE  ARMY. 


Havana,  Cuba. 

Chief  of  police per  month. 

Assistant  to  the  chief  of  police do . . . 

Adjutant  to  the  supervisor do . . . 

Adjutant  to  the  chief do . . . 

Secretary do. . . 

Auditor do . . . 

Lieutenant,  instructor  of  recruits do. . . 

Lieutenant,  second  assistant  to  the  chief do . . . 

Lieutenant,  paymaster do . . . 

Lieutenant,  assistant  auditor do. . . 

Captains  in  command  of  police  stations do. . . 

Lieutenants  on  duty  at  stations do . . . 

Serjeants do. . . 

Policemen,  first  class do. . . 

Policemen,  second  class do. . . 

Policemen,  third  class do. . . 

Urban  guards,  mounted do . . . 

Urban  guards,  dismounted do. . . 

Boston,  Mass. 


$400.00 

250. 00 

200. 00 

200. 00 

175. 00 

175. 00 

150. 00 

150. 00 

150. 00 

150.  00 

150. 00 

150. 00 

83.00 

60.00 

55.00 

52.50 

44.00 

39.90 


1857-58. 

1867-68. 

1877-78. 

1887-88. 

1897-98. 

1906-7. 

Patrolmen 

Per  day. 

$2.00 

2.50 

Per  day. 

$3.00 

3.50 

3.25 

Per  day. 
$3.00 

Per  annum. 
$1,000-$1,200 

Per  annum. 
$1,000-$1,200 

Per  annum. 
$1,000-$1,200 

Detectives 

Sergeants 

3.25 
3.50 
4.00 

1,400 
1,600 
2,000 

1,400 
1,600 
2,000 

1,400 

Lieutenants 

1,600 
2,500 

Captains 

4.00 

At  present  patrolmen  get  $1,000  for  the  first,  $1,100  for  the  second,  and  $1,200  for  their  third  and  sub- 
sequent years  of  service,  while  reservemen  get  in  the  first  year  $2  per  day,  $2.25  in  the  second,  and  $2.50 
in  the  third  and  subsequent  years. 

Milwaukee,  Wis. 


Prior  to 
1887. 

1887. 

1893. 

1907. 

Patrolmen per  month. . 

$66.66 

$58.33 
66.66 
75.00 

$70.00 
80.00 

$80.00 

Second  year  and  thereafter .                do  . . 

80.00 

Third  year  and  thereafter do 

90.00 

Sixth  year  and  thereafter do 

95.00 

Indianapolis,  Ind. 


1875. 


1879. 


1891. 


1907. 


Policemen jjer  day. 


$1.75 


$2.00 


$2.25 


$2.50 


An  ordinance  is  now  being  considered  which,  if  passed,  will  increase  the  salary  to  $2.75  per  day. 

Louisville,  Ky. 


Patrolman per  day. .     $2. 25        $2. 50 


1897. 


1907. 


Cleveland,  Ohio. 


1866. 


1877. 


1887. 


1897. 


1907. 


Patrolman: 

First  year... 
Second  year. 
Third  year.. 
Fourth  year . 
Fifth  year... 


.per  year. 

do... 

do... 

do... 

do... 


$800 


$825 


$840 
1,000 


$780 

840 

900 

960 

1,000 


$780 

840 

1,104 


► 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF    THE   ARMY. 


43 


Exhibit  G. 

RATES  OF  PAY  OF  SKILLED  AND  OTHER  LABORERS  IN  THE 
GOVERNMENT  EMPLOY  AND  INCREASES  THEREIN  IN  RECENT 
YEARS. 

EMPLOYEES    OP    THE    UNITED     STATES    ENGINEER    DEPARTMENT    ON     RIVER,     HARBOR, 

AND   FORTIFICATION    WORK. 

Seattle,  Wash. 


Laborers,  common -per  day. 

Laborers,  skilled d<i. . . 

Carpenters ♦. do... 

Cement  workers do. . . 

Enginemen do. . . 

Foremen do. . . 


1889  and 


$L75 
2.00 
2.25 


2.50 
2.75 


$1.60 
1.75 
2.40 
2.60 
2.00 
2.00 


1900. 


$2.00 
2.50 
3.00 
3.50 
3.00 
3.00 


1907. 


$2.40 
3.00 
4.00 
4.50 
3.50 
3.50 


Memphis,  Tenn. 


1883. 

1890. 

1900. 

1907. 

Laborers per  day.. 

Carpenters do 

Blacksmiths do 

Engineers per  month. . 

Steamboat  mates do 

Machinists per  day. . 

Timekeei)ers per  month. . 

Calkers per  day. . 

Firemen per  month. . 

Painters per  day. . 

Carpenters'  helper do 

Blacksmiths'  helper do 

$1.00  to  $1.50 

2.  50  to    3.00 

2.50 

75.  00  to  90.  00 

60.00 

2.50 

60.00 

3.50 

40. 00  to  45. 00 

1.33 

1.17 

1.17 

$1.00 

$2.  40  to     2. 60 

2.  00  to      2.  40 

75. 00  to  100. 00 

60.00 

2.  25  to      2.  40 

65.00 

2.  40  to      2.  60 

40.  00  to    45.00 

1.67 

L20 

1.28 

$L20 

2.60 

a  70.  00 

$75. 00  to  100.  00 

60. 00  to    75.00 

2.50 

75.00 

2.60 

40. 00  to    45.00 

1.  50  to     2. 50 

L20 

L20 

$1.50 

3.60 

$3. 00  to      3.  25 

75. 00  to  100. 00 

75.00 

a  75. 00 

90.00 

aeo 

45.00 

2. 50  to     2.  75 

1.50 

1.50 

o  Per  month. 
Savannah,  Ga. 


1886. 

1907. 

Carpenters 

■    Tier  dflv 

$3.00 
LOO 
3.00 
35.00 
37.50 
3L25 
30.00 
40.00 
30.00 
75.00 
75.00 

$3.50 
1  50 

Laborers 

do 

Painters 

do 

3.50 
45  00 

Boatmen 

Cooks 

57  50 

Deckhands 

do 

35  00 

Gauge  readers 

do 

45  00 

Leadsmen 

do 

75  00 

Messengers 

do 

45  00 

Master  of  launch 

do 

90  00 

Transitmen 

An 

100.00 

Norfolk,  Va. 


Occupation. 

1854 

1860. 

1865. 

1876. 

1890. 

1907. 

Stonemason per  day. . 

$2.00 

1.75 

1.80 

1.00 

.80 

$2.50 
2.00 
2.00 
LOO 
1.00 

$2.50 
$2. 25  to  2. 50 

$3.50 

$2. 25  to  2.  50 

2.50 

1.25 

L25 

Carpenter do 

Blacksmith do 

$2.00 
2.50 
1.20 
L20 

$2.  60  to  $2. 75 
2.50 

White  laborers do. . . . 

Colored  laborers do.... 

L25 
1.25 

1.50 
L50 

44 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 


San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Laborer: 

March,  1892,  to  April,  1903 per  day. 

May,  1903,  to  October,  1906 do... 

November,  1906,  to  August,  1907 do. . . 

Skilled  laborers: 

November,  1903,  to  November,  1904 do. . . 

December,  1904,  to  August,  1906 do. . . 

September,  1906,  to  August,  1907 per  month. 

Foreman  of  laborers: 

December,  1892,  to  April,  1897 do . . . 

May,  1897,  to  March,  1899 do. . . 

April,  1899,  to  October,  1899 do. . . 

November,  1899,  to  October,  1900 do. . . 

November,  1900,  to  May,  1902 do. . . 

October,  1902,  to  June,  1903 per  day. 

July,  1903,  to  October,  1903 .do. . . 

Painter: 

March,  1892,  to  August,  1906 do . . . 

September,  1906,  to  August,  1907 '. per  month. 

Carpenter: 

March,  1892,  to  March,  1900 per  day. 

April,  1900,  to  April,  1903 do. . . 

May,  1903,  to  August,  1906 do... 

September,  1906,  to  August,  1907 do. . . 

Blacksmith: 

March,  1892,  to  June,  1893 do. . . 

July,  1893,  to  August,  1893 do. . . 

September,  1893,  to  August,  1895 per  month. 

September,  1895,  to  January,  1906 do. . . 

January,  1906,  to  August,  1907 do. . . 

New  London,  Conn. 
[Day  of  8  hours.] 


Blacksmith 

Carpenters 

Skilled  labor... 

Ordinary  labor 
Common  labor. 


1898. 

$2.25 

2.00 

{ 

1.60 

1.50 

{ 

1.28 

1.20 

1.12 

1907. 


Pittsburg,  Pa. 


1878-79.a      - 

1907.b 

Blacksmiths 

Blacksmiths'  helpers 

Bricklayers 

I)er  day. . 

do.... 

do 

$1.75  to  $2. 50 

1.50 

1.80  to    2.50 

aoo 

1.75  to   2.50 
60. 00  to  70. 00 
2. 50  to    3.00 
1.75  to    3.00 
1.75  to    3.00 
2.00  to    3.00 
2.00  to    3.00 
2. 25  to    3.00 
2. 00  to   2.25 
1.25  to    1.50 

$2. 50  to    $3.25 

C70.00 

4  10 

Carpenters  (master) 

Carpenters 

do.... 

do 

4.00 
2  50  to      4  00 

Enginemen 

per  month.. 

60. 00  to  150. 00 

Foremen. 

3  36  to      4  00 

Machinists 

do 

2  75  to      3  50 

Masons 

do 

4  00 

Painters 

do 

4  00 

Plasterers 

do.... 

2. 40  to      4.  50 

Stonecutters 

do 

4  00 

Skilled  laborers 

Laborers. .  . 

do.... 

An 

2.  48  to  3. 20 
d  1  60  to     2  16 

a  Days  of  10  hours. 


b  Days  of  8  hours. 


c  Per  month. 


d  Or  $59  to  $69  per  month. 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   ARMY. 


45 


An  instance  occurred  recently  in  this  district  where  a  soldier  whose  enlistment  had 
recently  expired  was  offered  employment  as  a  laborer  at  $45  per  month  and  subsist- 
ence, and  considered  this  more  preferable  to  reenlisting,  though  he  had  been  receiving 
the  pay  of  a  first-class  private  m  one  of  the  engineer  companies.  An  ex-sergeant  of 
Engineers  is  now  employed  in  this  district  at  $90  per  month. 

It  may  be  well  to  note,  also,  that  the  rates  of  pay  for  Government  positions  are  some- 
what less  than  the  prevailing  rates  in  this  vicinity  at  the  present  time,  since  there  have 
been  considerable  increases  in  recent  years  and  the  Government  rates  tend  to  change 
more  slowly  than  in  outside  practice. 

Baltimore,  Md. 


1854. 

1907. 

Common  labor 

$1.00 
2.50 

$1.76 

Skilled  labor 

do 

3.50 

Rock  Island,  III. 


25  years 
ago. 


12  years 
ago. 


Present. 


Carpenters per  day 

Calkers do . . 

Blacksmiths do. . 

Machinists do. . 

Painters do. . 

Laborers  (skilled) do. . 

Laborers  (common) do. . 


$2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.50 
2.00 
1.50 
1.25 


$2.50 
2.50 
2.50 
3.00 
2.50 
1.75 
1.25 


$3.(50 
3.00 
3.50 
4.00 
3.00 
2.00 
1.75 


Portland,  Or  eg. 


1907. 


Common  laboi' 
Skilled  labor . . 


$2.25 
$3.00  to  3.25 


Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


1872. 


1907. 


Laborers I)er  day. 

Carpenters do . . . 

Teamsters do. . . 

Engineers  (hoisting) do. . . 

Enginemen  (dredge) per  month. 

Machinists per  day . 

Painters do . . . 

Firemen per  month. 

Stokers do . . . 

Blacksmiths do . . . 

Cooks do. . . 

Stewards do. . . 

Waiters do. . . 

Deckhands do. . . 

Watchmen do. . . 


$1.00 

2.00 

LOO 

2.00 

45.00 

2.50 

2.00 

a35.00 

a35.00 

O65.00 

o  40.00 

0  20.' 66' 

a  30. 00 

35.00 


$2.00 

3.50 

2,00 

3.00 

100.00 

3.25 

3.00 

0  55.00 

0  40.00 

0  75.00 

0  57.00 

70.00 

0  35.00 

0  35.00 

50.00 


o  With  subsistence. 


46 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 


Milwaukee,  Wis. 


July,  1885. 


July,  1900. 


July,  1907. 


Ship  carpenters per  day. 

Carpenters do. . . 

Master  of  dredge per  month. 

Engineman  of  dredge do. . . 

Stokers do. . . 

Dredge  hands do. . . 

Master  of  tug do . . . 

Steam  engineer do. . . 

Mate  of  tug do. . . 

Survey  man do. . . 

Foreman do. . . 

Lockmasters  (with  house  to  live  in) do. . . 

Watchmen do. . . 

Laborers per  day. 

Calkers do... 


Average. 


$3.00 

$2. 00  to     2. 50 

100.00 

60.00 

40. 00  to    45.00 

40.00 

90.00 

70.00 

50.00 

40.00to   50.00 

60. 00  to    75.00 

25. 00  to   35.00 

40. 00  to    45.00 

1.25  to     L50 

2. 50  to     2.75 


54.46 


$3. 00  to 
2. 00  to 


40. 00  to 
40. 00  to 

75. 00  to 

50. 00  to 
60. 00  to 
25. 00  to 
40. 00  to 

2. 50  to 


$4.00 

3.00 

100.00 

60.00 

50.00 

45.00 

90.00 

80.00 

50.00 

60.00 

90.00 

35.00 

50.00 

1.50 

3.00 


$3.00 
3.00 


50.00 
50.00 


50.00 
85.00 
30.00 
50.00 
1.75 


to    $5.00 

to     3. 50 

120.00 

75.00 

to    60.00 

to    55.00 

110.00 

90.00 

70.00 

to    75.00 

to  116. 00 

to    45.00 

to    60.00 

to     2.00 

3.00 


71.76 


All  above  employees  subsist  themselves. 

New  York  City,  N.   Y. 

1858. 

1868. 

1878. 

1888. 

1898. 

1907. 

Laborers per  day. . 

Carpenters do 

Mftsons do 

Blacksmiths do 

$1.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 

$1.50 
3.00 
3.50 
3.10 

$1.20 
2.50 
(a) 
2.50 

$1.20 
2.40 
2.80 
2.40 

$1.50 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00 

$1.75 
3.50 
4.50 
3.50 

a  No  record  of  emplojmient. 

Engineer  Office,  U.  S.  Army, 
Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  September  14,  1907. 
Capt.  Johnson  Hagood, 

Coast  Artillery  Corps,  U.  S.  Army, 

Office  of  Chief  of  Staff,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Captain:  In  reply  to  your  letter  of  August  6,  1907,  I  regret  that  our  records  do  not 
cover  the  period  you  desire.     I  have  had  our  old  records  carefully  examined  as  far 
back  as  they  go,  and  send  you  the  following  table  showing  rates  of  pay,  compiled  by 
Lieutenant  Caples. 

Usually  we  subsist  the  field  employees,  and  the  fare  is  probably  better  than  the 
usual  army  ration.  Comfortable  quarters  are  provided,  which  are  not  so  good,  how- 
ever, as  the  average  barracks.  The  main  items  furnished  soldiers  and  not  furnished 
our  employees  are  clothing  and  medical  attendance. 


Position. 


Clerk. 


Overseer 

Master  machinist . . . 

Draftsman 

Foreman 

Engineman 

Inspector 

Recorder 

Lockmaster 

Sawyer 

Receiver  of  material. 


Timekeeper 

Pilot  and  master , 

Clerk 

Steam  engineer 

Cranesman 

Engineman 

Ship  carpenter  and  calker. 

Blacksmith 

Carpenter 

Painter 

Cook 

Messenger 

Stoker 

Lockman 

Watchman 

Laborer 


Corresponding  engineer 
soldier. 


Battalion  noncommissioned 
staff. 

First  sergeant 

do 

Sergeant 

do 

do 

do 

Corporal 

do 

do 

Company  quartermaster-ser- 


do. 

do. 

Company  clerk 

First-class  private. . . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Cook 

Second-class  private . 

do 

do 

do 

do 


Pay  per  month. 


1876-77. 


$60  to  $100 
75  to  100 


35  to  90 


45  to  60 
90 
45 


27  to  50 
30  to  60 


15  to  30 


20  to  60 
15  to  25 


1895. 


$75  to  $110 

80  to  100 
54  to  75 
135 
45  to  80 
60  to  80 
50  to  75 

30 
50  to  75 

60 
50  to  75 

50 
60  to  100 
60 
35  to  80 
50 
40 
65 
70 
80 
65 


35  to 
45  to 
45  to 
35  to 
50  to 
18  to  30 
40 
30  to  40 
25  to  35 
20  to  60 
18  to  30 


1907. 


$75  to  $125 

90  to  125 
1161 

90  to  125 

75  to  80 
100  to  125 

75  to  100 
65 
75 
60 

60  to  75 

50  to  75 

75  to  110 

75 

75  to  80 

50  to  60 

50  to  60 

50  to  90 

50  to  75 

50  to  80 

50  to  70 

30  to  40 

45 

30  to  55 

35  to  45 

30  to  40 

25  to  35 


PAY   OF   OFFICEKS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ABMY. 


47 


If  we  deduct  $10  per  month  for  allowances  which  are  received  by  engineer  soldiers 
and  not  by  employees  of  the  Engineer  Department  at  large,  we  have  the  following 
table  of  comparison: 


Engineer  soldier. 


Battalion  staff 

First  sergeant 

Company  quartennaster-sergeant 

Sergeant 

Corporal 

Company  clerk 

Cook 

Private,  first  class 

Private,  second  class 


Pay  of 
soldier. 


$35 
34 
34 
34 
20 
17 
20 
17 
13 


Average  monthly  pay 
of  engineer  employee 
in  corresponding  po- 
sition.a 


1877. 


$70 

78 
55 
38 


1907. 


$90 
95 
64 
86 
76 


29 


Per  cent  of  in- 
crease. 


In  12       In  30 
years,     years. 


29 
22 
16 
126 


a  Subsistence  and  quarters  furnished  as  additional  compensation. 

We  now  have  a  retired  engineer-sergeant  and  a  discharged  engineer-sergeant  on 
our  rolls,  each  receiving  $75  per  month,  quarters,  and  subsistence.  For  many  years 
a  discharged  engineer-sergeant  was  employed  as  draftsman  in  this  district,  at  $135  per 
month.  An  engineer-sergeant  discharged  this  year  refused  a  position  here  at  $75 
per  month,  quarters,  and  subsistence,  and  obtained  employment  in  another  district. 
The  low  rate  of  pay  for  cooks  is  due  td  the  fact  that  negroes  exclusively  are  em- 
ployed in  this  capacity. 

Very  respectfully,  '  Wm.  W.  Harts, 

Major,  Corps  of  Engineers. 


Gantts  Quarry,  Ala.,  August  10,  1907. 
Capt.  Johnson  Hagood, 

Captain,  Corps  of  Artillery,  Washington,  D.  C. 

My  Dear  Captain  :  I  beg  to  acknowledge  receipt  of  your  letter  of  August  6,  1907. 

Having  had  large  experience  in  carrying  on  work  for  the  United  States  by  hired 
labor,  I  am  in  position  to  give  you  very  reliable  information  of  the  kind  you  seek. 
Common  laborers,  many  of  whom  would  be  rejected  by  recruiting  officers,  get  not  less 
than  $1.50  per  day  of  eight  hours  on  Government  work.  This  gives  them  about  $39 
per  month,  of  which  probably  $20  are  consumed  by  living  expenses  for  the  man  him- 
self.    The  other  $19  he  is  apt  to  drink  up  or  otherwise  "blow  in." 

The  better  laborers,  such  men  as  could  be  made  into  first-class  privates,  get  from 
$1.75  to  $2.50,  the  latter  rate  being  for  a  mechanic's  helper  or  man  of  that  sort.  Negro 
hod  carriers  get  $2  per  day.  Men  capable  of  directing  a  small  gang — working  foremen — 
the  kind  of  men  suitable  for  corporals  and  the  average  run  of  sergeants,  get  from  $2  to 
$3.50  per  day;  and  a  man  without  knowledge  of  any  special  trade,  but  capable  of 
directing  a  gang  of  from  20  to  50  laborers,  gets  from  $4  to  $6  per  day.  He  is  the  type  of 
man  that  ought  to  make  up  at  least  one-fourth  of- the  sergeants  of  any  company. 

Mechanics  get  from  $4  to  $6  per  day;  master  mechanics  from  $5.50  to  $8  per  day. 

In  my  judgment  the  rate  of  pay  of  enlisted  men  in  nontechnical  branches  of  the 
service  should  be  about  as  follows:  Sergeants  $50,  corporals  $30,  privates  $20;  in  tech- 
nical branches,  sergeants  $75,  corporals  $40,  first-class  privates  $25,  second-class  pri- 
vates $20. 

I  think  that  sergeants  ought  to  be  provided  with  married  quarters  to  a  greater  extent 
than  at  present. 

If  the  above  rates  were  in  effect  the  allowances,  retired  pay,  and  other  advantages 
would  result  in  holding  in  the  service  the  nucleus  of  trained  men  which  is  absolutely 
essential  to  the  best  results. 

Very  truly,  yours,  John  Stephen  Sewell, 

Captain,  Corps  of  Engineers. 


48 


PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   ARMY. 


EMPLOYEES   OF    ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT. 

Watervliet  Arsenal,  N.  Y. 


Position. 

1853. 

1861. 

1873. 

1880. 

1890. 

1907. 

Laborer 

f  $0.88 
{     1.00 
I    1.12 

$1.00 
1.12 
1.25 

$1. 63 

f$1.15 
1    1.50 

/  1.50 
\    1.60 

}    1.75 

}    1.50 

$1.33 
1.50 

1.50 
1.76 

(    1.50 
\    2.00 

1.50 

2.00 
2.00 

1     1.50 
[    1.75 

}    11.50 

f      1.76 
<       2  00 

Skilled  laborer .     . 

f    1.00 
Helper : \    1.12 

1    1-20 
Police 

1     1.00 
j    1.12 

1.75 
2.10 

i    1.63 
1    1.75 

1      2.24 

1.60 
1.76 

Teamster '      1. 00 

1.68 

Watchman ' 

2.00 

f    1.63 
1    1.75 

r'i.'is' 

\  1.25 
I     1.50 

1.76 

Packer i 

1.76 

2.00 

Springfield  Armory, 
Springfield,  Mass.,  September  17,  1907. 
Capt.  Johnson  Hagood, 

Office  of  the  Chief  of  Staff,  Washington,  D.  C. 
My  Dear  Captain  Hagood:  I  have  yours  of  the  6th  ultimo,  requesting  information 
as  to'rates  of  pay  of  different  classes  of  workmen  at  this  armory  and  for  the  correspond- 
ing rates  at  an  earlier  date,  and  take  pleasure  in  giving  you  such  information  as  is 
available: 

Employees  of  various  grades  are  now  working  at  this  armory,  the  number  in  all 
being  about  1,500.  The  pay,  of  course,  varies  according  to  the  degree  of  skill  exhibited 
by  the  men  or  the  requirements  of  the  particular  classes  of  work.  In  the  table  below 
I  have  given  the  wages  of  a  variety  of  employees,  taken  from  the  rolls  for  the  month 
of  July,  1853,  and  also  those  of  men  similarly  employed,  taken  from  the  rolls  for  July, 
1907: 


Occupation. 

Wages. 

July,  1853. 

July,  1907. 

Laborers. . 

$1.00 
1.00 
1.10 
1.10 
1.00 
1.10 
1.75 
$1.60  to    1.75 
2.00 
1.50  to    2.00 

$1. 65  to  $1. 75 

Machine  helpers 

1.85 

Shop  tenders 

1.75 

Watchmen ' 

2.00 

Firemen 

1.75 

Oilers 

1. 65  to    1.  75 

Painters .  ... 

3.00 

Carpenters 

2. 50  to    3. 25 

Tinsmiths 

2.75 

Various  piece  workmen .           .  

2.25  to    3.50 

The  piece  workmen  above  mentiQned  include  the  greater  portion  of  the  employees 
working  upon  the  components  of  the  different  parts  of  the  rifle.  The  amounts  given 
are  not  the  day  ratings  of  the  men,  which  obtain  only  for  holidays,  but  the  amounts 
usually  actually  earned  by  them. 

For  a  number  of  years  past  enlisted  men  of  the  ordnance  detachment  have  from 
time  to  time,  as  their  enlistments  expired,  secured  employment  in  the  street-car 
service,  the  fire  department,  or  the  police  department  of  the  city  of  Springfield. 
The  discipline  and  training  given  to  soldiers  by  military  service  have  always  been 
deemed  by  the  heads  of  these  different  departments  as  rendering  such  men  particu- 
larly suitable  to  these  other  classes  of  work.  The  pay,  of  course,  in  these  depart- 
ments is  in  excess  of  that  paid  to  soldiers  by  the  Government.  I  have,  since  receipt 
of  your  letter,  made  inquiries  of  these  various  employers  in  the  city  of  Springfield 
as  to  wages  paid,  and  ftom  the  replies  can  advise  you  that  in  the  fire  department 
the  men  are  graded  into  three  classes  of  privates,  who  receive  from  $15.75  to  $19.25 
per  week.  Engineers  in  this  same  department  receive  from  $17.50  to  $21  per  week. 
Many  of  our  ex-soldiers  after  very  little  training  are  competent  to  take  these  latter 
positions. 

The  city  of  Springfield  pays  patrolmen  $2.19  per  day  (seven  days  in  the  week) 
during  the  first  year  of  service,  $2.33  during  the  second  year,  and  $2.90  per  day  during 


p 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 


49 


the  third  and  following  years.  If  retired  for  unfitness  for  duty  incurred  while  in  the 
discharge  of  duty  any  time  during  service  or  for  unfitness  for  duty  for  any  cause  after 
twenty  years  of  service,  a  pension  of  one-half  their  regular  pay  is  given. 

The  street  railway  pays  its  conductors  and  motormen  an  average  of  $2.42  per  day 
(seven  days  in  the  week).  When  first  employed,  the  amount  is  somewhat  less, 
increased  after  the  first  and  second  six  months,  and  reaching  an  amount  of  $2.50 
per  day.  Regarding  these  figures  I  would,  however,  state  that  the  street-car 
employees  in  this  city  have  recently  organized  a  union,  and  I  have  no  doubt  will 
shortly  bring  pressure  upon  the  street-railway  company  for  an  increase  of  their  wages. 
Hoping  this  information  will  be  of  service  to  you, 
Yours  very  truly, 

S.  E.  Blunt, 
Colonel,  Ordnance  Department^  U.  S.  Army,  Commanding. 

Exhibit  H. 

DEPLETION  OF  ORGANIZATIONS  BY  DISCHARGE,  DESERTION,  ETC., 
AND  MEN  LEAVING  THE  ARMY  TO  ACCEPT  BETTER  POSITIONS 
IN  CIVIL  LIFE.  DATA  COLLECTED.  FROM  REPORTS  OF  ORGANI- 
ZATION COMMANDERS. 

COAST  ARTILLERY. 


Tenth  and  One  hundred  and  sixtieth  Companies,  Presidio,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Men  discharged  during  past  year  (October  12,  1907): 


Name. 

Company. 

Discharge 
obtained  by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

WiUiamH.  Feeley 

Tenth 

do 

do 

Purchase 

Expiration  of 

service. 
Purchase 

do 

do 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 

Farmer,  Canada 

Ludvik  Horkey 

Henry  M.  Ward 

Engineer,     Union    Ice    Co., 

Santa  Cruz,  Cal. 
Clerk  in  offlce  of  the  United 

Railroads,  San  Francisco, 

Cal. 
Brakeman,  Southern  Pacific 

R.  R.  Co. 
Conductor,  United  Railroads, 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Fireman,  Santa  Fe  R.  R.  Co., 

Texas. 
Conductor,  United  Railroads, 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 

$95  per  month. 
$90  per  month. 

$  1  2  0       per 

month. 
$75  per  month 

and  meals. 
$90  per  month. 

$75  per  month 
and  meals. 

Claude  C.  Sherrell 

George  Buzzard 

George  L.  Blewett 

Robert  E.  Reagan 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Men  who  are  to  be  discharged  during  the  months  of  October  and  November,  1907 : 


Name. 

Company. 

Discharge 
obtained  by- 

Position  offered. 

Pay. 

Daniel  W.  Barnes 

AegidiusE.  Abel 

John  F.  Leinen 

One  hundred 

and  sixtieth. 

do 

Tenth  . 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 

do 

Engineer,  Sugar  Pine  Co. ,  Ma- 
dera, Cal. 

Picture  framer,  Miller  Bros., 
Chicago,  111. 

Fire  insurance  clerk,  general 
agency,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

City  salesman.wholesale  firm, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Boss,   concrete   gang,    San 
Francisco,  Cal. 

Street-car  motorman,  Oak- 
land, Cal. 
.do 

$70  per  month 

and  found. 
$4.50  per  day. 

$90  per  month; 
promise  of 
increase. 

$80  per  month 
and  commis- 
sion. 

$4  per  day. 

$65  per  month. 
Do. 

Herbert  Marchant 

William  Snider 

Joseph  Smither 

Frank  Smither 

One  hundred 
and  sixtieth. 

Tenth 

One  hundred 
and  sixtieth, 
.do 

do 

do 

do 

.do 

Anderson  Campbell . . . 
Jacob  Matlock 

do 

Tenth 

do 

do 

Conductor,  United  Railroads 
of  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Patrolman,    Morse     Patrol 
Agency,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Post  plumber,  Presidio,  San 
Francisco,  Cal. 

$75  per  month 

and  meals. 
$75  per  month. 

Patrick  J.  Powers 

One  hundred 
and  sixtieth. 

do 

$4  per  day. 

18386—07- 


50 


PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 


Twenty-sixth,  Sixty-fourth,  and  Ninety-second  Companies,  Fort  Flagler,  Wash. 


Rank  and  name. 


Edward  Clifford,  ser- 
geant, Ninety-second 
Comfpany. 

J.  D.  Jones,  sergeant, 
Ninety-second  Com- 
pany. 

Marion  Strunk,private, 
Ninety-second  Com- 
pany. 

Andrew  Ryan,  private, 
Ninety-second  Com- 
.)any, 

^  H.  Turner,  corporal, 
Sixty-fourth  Com- 
pany. 

Thomas  Scoones,  cor- 

goral,  Twenty-sixth 
ompany. 
Herman  Johnson,  pri- 
vate, Twenty-sixth 
Company. 


WJ 


Discharge 
obtained  by- 


Expiration  of 
service. 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

By  purchase 


Expiration  of 
service. 


Occupation. 


Assistant  mana- 
ger and  real  es- 
tate salesman. 

Shipping  clerk 


Locomotive  fire- 
man. 


Street-carconduc- 
tor. 


Abstractor  of 
titles. 


Carpenter. 


Employer. 


A.  B.  Newell,  Seattle, 
Wash. 

Edgewater  Milling  Co., 
Washington. 

Union  Pacific  R.  R  . . . . 


Seattle  Electric  Co., 
Seattle,  Wash. 

Booth-Whittlesey  Co., 
Seattle,  Wash. 

Pacific  Coast  Con- 
densed Milk  Co.,  Seat- 
tle, Wash. 

Quartermaster's  De- 
partment, Fort  Flag- 
ler, Wash. 


Salary  per 
month. 


$200  per  month. 
$90  per  month. 
$100  per  month. 
$80  per  month. 
$125  per  month. 
$15  per  week. 
$70  per  month. 


Twenty-seventh  Company,  Presidio,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Within  the  past  year  6  sergeants  and  4  corporals  have  been  discharged  by  purchase 
and  expiration  of  service.     All  these  men  claim  they  have  bettered  themselves. 

The  following  is  a  citation  of  individual  instances  of  some  of  the  above-mentioned 


Name. 

Discharge 
obtained  by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

Charles  W.  Cameron. . . 
Charles  W.  Wyss 

Purchase 

do 

Bookkeeper  for  construction  company 

Machinist  helper,  navy-yard 

$125perm-onth. 
$2.40  per  day. 
$20  per  week. 
$3  per  day. 

$80  per  month. 
$21  per  week. 

Richard  P.  Coe 

do 

Clerk  in  cigar  store 

Carl  C.  Long 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 

Conductor,  street  car,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Percy  Moreton-Dwyer . 

do 

Timekeeper  for  construction  company 

Twenty-ninth  Company,  Presidio,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Name. 

Discharge 
obtained  by- 

Position. 

Pay. 

William  H.  HoUings- 

worth. 
Clyde  Fisher 

Purchase 

Packer,  furniture  house 

$80  per  month. 

$90  per  month. 
SlOOper  month. 
$90  to  $130  per 

month. 
$80  per  month. 
$90  per  month. 
$80  per  month. 
$5  per  day. 

do 

Car  conductor 

Expiration  service. . . . 
do 

Bookkeeper,  drug  house 

Samuel  P.  Dale.   ., 

Brakeman 

Albert  McClellan 

.     .do.     . 

Charles  Bland 

do 

Car  conductor 

John  H.  Eaton 

do 

Joseph  W.  Emstiue 

do  . 

Mechanic,  elevator  company 

The  above  list  gives  all  available  instances  of  men  discharged  taking  positions  in  civil 
life,  obtainable  in  this  company. 

These  are  cases  of  men  who  are  working  in  San  Francisco  and  quite  frequently  visit 
the  company;  all  were  noncommissioned  officers  with  one  exception;  all  are  of  excel- 
lent character  and  desirable  men  to  have  in  the  service. 

Of  the  men  who  have  left  San  Francisco  I  presume  large  numbers  of  them  will  be 
found  filling  positions  as  remunerative  as  those  mentioned  above. 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 
Thirty-eighth  Company,  Presidio,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


51 


Name. 

Discharge 
obtained  by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

John  I   Hauser 

Purchase  

Assistant   foreman  with   Nathan 
Dohrman  Co.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Salesman  with  Shreve  &  Co.,  silver- 
smiths, San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Carpenter  and  cabinetmaker.  Quar- 
termaster's Department,  U.  S. 
Army,  Presidio  of  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

Salesman  with  D.  Stoltz,  barbers' 
furniture  dealers,  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

Laborer,    Engineer    Department, 
U.  S.  Army,  Point  Bonita,  Cal. 

Assistant  to  mechanic.  United  Rail- 
roads of  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Conductor,   United    Railroads   of 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

.do 

$90  per  month. 
$100  per  month. 
Do. 

James  Tunis  Howard. 

.  ..do 

Victor  Thout              

do 

John  W.  Thomson 

do 

$100  per  month 
and  commis- 
sion. 

$65  per  month. 

$85  per  month. 

$80   per   month, 
with   quarters 
and    table 
board. 
Do 

Carl  A.  Carlson 

William  E.  Pittman.... 

Expiration  of  service. 
do 

Robert  E.  Howard 

do 

Myer  Panush 

do 

do 

Assistant  foreman,  iron  house.  Pa- 
cific Hardware  &  Steel  Co.,  San 
Francisco,  Cal. 

Yard  clerk.  Southern  Pacific  R.  R. 
Co.,  Pajaro,  Cal. 

$80  per  month. 
$90  per  month. 

Joseph  A.  Elliott... 

do 

Sixtieth  Company,  (depot  torpedo)  Presidio,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Within  the  past  year  40  men  have  been  discharged  from  this  company,  5  of  which 
have  reenlisted  in  cavalry,  infantry,  and  Coast  Artillery  on  the  Atlantic  coast.  Ten 
others  have  returned  to  their  homes,  and  25  have  taken  positions,  as  shown  by  the 
following: 


Na,me. 

Discharge 
obtained  by — 

Position  accepted. 

Pay  per 
month. 

Charles  0.  Watt 

Purchase 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 

United  Cigar  Stores,  San  Francisco,  Cal    . . 

$90 

Arthur  A.  Shaw 

John  Madigan,  jr 

Wells-Fargo  Express  Co.,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Bartender,  Coxsackie,  N.  Y 

75 
80 

Edward  B.  Burke 

do 

Panama  police  force 

75 

Henry  0.  Beasley 

do 

Printer,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

88 

James  I.  Furnace 

James  T.  Harrell 

James  W.  Nellson 

Samuel  J.  Hagerman.. . 

do 

....do 

Conductor,  United  Raih-oads,  San  Francisco,  Cal. . 
.do 

90 
90 

do 

do 

Motorman,  United  Railroads,  San  Francisco,  Cal.. 
Janitor,  Fruitvale,  Cal. 

90 
80 

Edward  Balke... 

do 

Conductor,  United  Railroads,  San  Francisco,  Cal.. 
Electrician,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

90 

James  B.  Tuck 

do 

120 

Thomas  R.  Peters.. 

do 

Conductor,  United  Railroads,  San  Francisco,  Cal.. 
Gardener,  Sacramento,  Cal 

90 

Joseph  Frey 

do 

75 

PaulO.  Omlid... 

do 

Laborer,  Union  Iron  Works,  San  Francisco,  Cal... 
United  Cigar  Stores,  San  Francisco  Cal 

75 

William  P.  AUen 

.  ..do.... 

75 

Elick  Green 

do 

Mechanic,  United  Railroads,  San  Francisco,  Cal. . . 
Electrician 

80 

Henry  Hartmann 

do 

100 

George  Logan. 

do 

Stockman,  Emeryville,  Cal 

75 

James  B.  Nickless 

.     -do.. 

Conductor,  United  Railroads,  San  Francisco,  Cal.. 
Lumberman,  Eureka,  Oreg 

90 

Claude  Paulson 

do 

60 

James  H.  Powers 

do 

90 

Bertie  F.  Radford 

do 

Cement  worker,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

90 

John  W.  Ross 

do.... 

Salesman,  Stoltz  &  Co.,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Motorman,  United  Railroads,  San  Francisco,  Cal. . 
.do. 

88 

Edgar  Simmons.  .. 

.do 

90 

James  Nail 

do 

90 

52 


PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   ARMY. 


Sixty-fifth  Company,  Presidio,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Discharge  ob- 
tained by- 

Position  accepted. 

Rate  of  pay. 

Boden,  Jos.  II 

Jachman,  E.  C 

Starkey,  J.  L 

Sergeant. . 

do.... 

do.... 

Corporal. . 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 

do 

do 

Laborer,  navy-yard,  Mare  Island, 
CaL 

Manager,  cigar  store,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. 

Detective,  Oakland,  Cal 

$2.75  per  day. 
$90  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 

Davis,  C.B 

Clerk,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Lane,  A.  W 

Strauss,  S.  C.# 

do 

do.... 

Private... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do... 

Purchase 

do 

Expiration  of 
service. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Purchase 

Expiration  of 
service. 

Purchase 

do 

Expiration  of 
service. 

Bookkeeper,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Detective,  Oakland,  Cal 

$110  per  month. 

AUen,  J.  M 

Barnard,  F.  A 

Curtiss,  P.  C 

Carpenter,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Conductor,  street  car,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. 
Baker,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

$4  per  day. 

$90  per  month. 

$17  per  week. 
$75  per  month. 
$90  per  month. 

$125  i)er  month. 
$90  per  month. 

$5  per  day. 
$2.50  per  day. 

50  cents  per  hour. 

Eaton,  J.  F 

Employee  in  sawmill 

Fitzgerald,  P 

Bartender,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Motorman,  street  car,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. 
Detective,  Oakland,  Cal 

Hensley,  C.  B 

Roddy,  G.  G 

Shingler,  W 

do.... 

do.... 

do 

Painter,  Mare  Island,  Cal 

Simpson,  R.  M 

Swinehart,  W.J... 

Williams,  O.S 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

Carpenter,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Laborer,  U.  S.  Engineer  Depart- 
ment. 
Stevedore,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Sixty-sixth  Company,  Presidio,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Discharged. 

Present  position. 

Salary. 

Date. 

By- 

BertGilley 

C.  S.  Worick 

Private... 
do.... 

Corporal. . 

Private... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

Oct.    18,1906 

Dec.  17,1906 

Dec.  22,1906 
Dec.  28,1906 
Feb.  20,1907 
Feb.  22,1907 
Mar.  15,1907 
Apr.  27,1907 
May  26,1907 

May  29,1907 
..do 

Purchase 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Expiration  of 
service. 

do 

do 

Clerk  in  agricultural 
implement  house. 

Clerk  in  quartermas- 
ter's department. 

$60  per  month. 

$100  per  month. 

$50  per  month. 

$6  per  day. 

$90  per  month.   - 

$3.50  per  day. 
$2.50  per  day. 
About  $100  per 

H  N  Hills 

Brick  mason 

G.Fritz 

Henry  Jacobs 

G.  A.  Leach 

Alva  L.  Lewis . . . 

Driver,  milk  route — 
do 

Carpenter's  helper — 
Molder's  apprentice. . 
Railroad  fireman 

Bank  clerk 

H  H  Blanchette 

Sergeant. . 
Musician.. 
Private... 

do.... 

Sergeant. . 

month. 
$100  per  month. 

Fireman 

Do. 

C.  H.  Kingsbury. 

Jacob  W.Paul... 
John  Q.  Shaffer . . 

Aug.    9,1907 

Aug.  19,1907 
Sept.   5,1907 

do 

do.. 

do 

Railroad  machine 

shop. 
do 

Wells-Fargo  Express 
Co. 

$60  per  month. 

Do. 

$75  per  month. 

Sergeant  Shaffer  was  a  gun  commander  and  had  promised  to  reenlist,  but  found  he 
could  do  so  much  better  in  civil  life  that  he  concluded  not  to  reenter  the  service. 

There  were  8  others  discharged  in  addition  to  those  mentioned  above  by  name  who 
would  not  reenlist  on  account  of  pay  conditions,  although  the  exact  work  they  secured 
is  not  known.  Two  of  them  were  corporals  and  qualified  first-class  gunners.  One  of 
these  corporals  was  receiving  $10  per  month  for  working  as  a  clerk  in  the  post  exchange. 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    ARMY. 


53 


Sixty-seventh  Company,  Presidio,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
The  following  were  discharged  within  the  last  year: 


Name. 

Discharge  ob- 
tained by- 

Position. 

Pay. 

Chas.  McDorman 

Expiration  of 

service. 
.   ..do.... 

Bartender,  St.  Paul,  Minn  . 

$60  per  month. 

$85  per  month. 
$60  per  month. 
$5  per  day. 
$3. 50  per  day. 
$90  per  month. 

Matthew  G.  Glenn 

Mechanic,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Wm.  J.  Groves 

do 

Pinkerton  detective,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Mechanic,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Carl  Meilicke 

do 

Chas.  T.  Racy 

do 

Lumber  company,  Minnesota 

do 

Alva  P.  Sumrall 

do 

Conductor,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Ralph  Winchester 

do 

Conductor,  Portland,  Oreg 

Do. 

Hugh  F.  Wilson 

do.. 

Lineman,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

$28  per  week. 
$90  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 
$4  i)er  day. 
$3.50  per  day. 
$75  i)er  month. 

Bert  M.  Steele 

do 

Conductor,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

George  Reiter. 

.      do 

Conductor,  St.  Paul,  Minn.     ... 

Julius  E.  Shelton 

do 

Concrete  worker,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Wm.  A.  Pierce 

do 

Purchase 

Lumber  company,  Portland,  Oreg 

Otia  Rnnn 

Baker,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

A  number  of  other  men  have  been  discharged  and  have  not  reenlisted,  but  it  is  not 
known  what  positions  they  may  hold. 

Seventieth  Company,  Presidio,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Within  the  past  year  2  sergeants,  2  corporals,  1  musician,  and  4  privates  have  been 
discharged  by  purchase. 

The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  men  so  discharged,  their  present  employment, 
and  rate  of  pay: 


Name. 

Rank. 

Discharge 

obtained 

by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

WiUiam  R.  Howe 

Thomas  Cleary. . 

Sergeant., 
.do  .. 

Purchase  . 
.do 

Timekeeper  for  Selfrige  &  Syphr 

Pinkerton  agency. . 

$3  per  dav. 
$60  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 

Robert  F.  Guhse 

Corporal. . 

do 

George  W.  Elder  &  Son,  contractors. . 

Machinist,  Union  Iron  Works 

Watson  Construction  Co 

Homer  Benack 

do... 

.do 

$5  per  day. 

George  Caldwell 

Musician. . 

do 

$75  per  month. 

Walker  A.  Armstrong. 

Private . . 

..  ..do 

Firm  of  lawyers 

$5  per  day. 

James  Beavins 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do 

C.  L.  Hicks,  plumber 

$75  per  month. 

Francis  G.  Harrington. 

United  Railways 

?3  per  day. 

Walter  A.  Weeks 

.do. 

.do.     . 

.do 

Do. 

Names  of  men  who,  discharged  by  expiration  of  term  of  service,  did  not  reenlist 
since  January  8,  1906: 


Sergeant  Crutchfield. 
Sergeant  McClelland. 
Sergeant  Vanmetre. 
Corporal  Vincent. 
Private  Bishop. 
Private  Cohen. 
Private  Duffy. 
Private  Martin. 


Private  McMannus. 
Private  Turley. 
Private  Van  Helbergen. 
Private  Walsh. 
Private  Warmoth. 
Private  Wenzloff. 
Private  White. 
Private  Wick. 


Some  of  the  above  men  state  that  they  hold  such  positions  as  brakeman,  motorman, 
fireman,  watchman,  etc.,  paying  from  |75  to  $120  per  month. 

As  the  total  pay  of  the  highest  paid  man  in  this  company,  the  first  sergeant,  who 
draws  $7  per  month  as  gun  commander,  totals  but  $37,  it  can  easily  be  understood 
why  good  men  will  not  reenlist,  as  a  common  laborer  in  the  city  of  San  Francisco 
draws  from  $3  per  day. 

The  present  strength  of  the  Seventieth  Company,  Coast  Artillery  Corps,  is  31  men. 

Thirteen  desertions  have  occurred  in  this  company  since  January  8,  1906. 

One  hundred  and  fifth  Company,  Presidio,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Within  the  past  year  13  noncommissioned  officers  and  27  privates  have  been  dis- 
charged the  service.    Three  purchased  their  discharges.    Of  these,  2  were  to  take 


54 


PAY   OF    OFFICEKS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 


positions  as  railway-mail  clerks  at  a  salary  of  |66  per  month.     There  are  at  present 
13  men  employed  as  street-car  conductors  and  gripmen  at  a  salary  of  $90  per  month, 
including  board  and  room,  by  one  of  the  local  street-railway  companies. 
The  following  has  a  bearing  upon  the  subject  in  question  and  is  self-explanatory: 


Name. 

! 

Discharge  obtained  by—  I         Position  accepted. 

1 

Salary 

per 
month. 

1 

Expiration  of  term 1  Restaurant  owner 

do Watchman 

$100 

Bristow,  John  G     

75 

Sharpe  George  W 

.....do....                                  '   GrinmflTi 

90 

Hoff,  Henry  L       

do 

65 

Oldham  David  C                          ... 

Purchase 

Railway  mail  clerk 

66 

Rifau,  Narsis 

Expiration  of  term 

Purchase 

90 

Dmitrovic,  Stevan           .  .          

Tailor 

125 

Rice,  Henry  J 

Expiration  of  term 

do                        

85 

Smith,  Martin  H                            .... 

Fireman. . 

100 

Schaefer,  John  G 

do 

Clerk 

60 

McConnel,  Samuel  E 

do 

Gripman. 

90 

Nartker  Wm  J 

do  . 

do 

90 

Sutton,  Dallas  E 

Purchase 

Railway  mail  clerk 

Conductor 

66 

Bratton,  Patrick  H 

Expiration  of  term 

do 

90 

Ritchie,  Leo  A 

Cook 

105 

Chesher,  Arch 

.      do 

Gripman 

90 

Pope,  Sam  W 

do 

do 

90 

Rogers,  Lucian  W 

do..   . 

Quartermaster's   em- 
ployee. 
Conductor 

50 

White,  Robert  E 

do 

90 

Keeton,  Frank 

do 

Gripman 

90 

Kean,  Edward 

do 

do 

90 

Enlow,  Shaw  S 

do 

Conductor 

90 

do 

do 

90 

Smith  Frank 

...  do.. 

Baggageman 

85 

Weber,  William  M 

do 

Gasfitter 

95 

Warren  John  N 

...    do. 

Night  clerk 

90 

Waddell,  Philip  P 

do 

90 

Oglesby,  Albert  S 

do 

Car  repairer     

85 

do 

Brakeman 

110 

Second,  Twelfth,  and  One  hundred  and  thirty-first  Companies,  Fort  H.  G.  Wright,  N.  Y. 
The  following  have  been  discharged  since  September  1,  1906: 


Name. 

Company. 

Discharge  ob- 
tained by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

Patrick  Tivenan. .  . . 

Twelfth... 
do   .. 

Purchase 

...  do 

Stationary  engineer 

$75  per  month. 

Thomas  Culhane 

Clerk,  wholesale  grocery 

$25  per  week. 

Lee  Ward 

do.... 

do 

Timekeeper  for  contracting  com- 
pany. 
Foreman  in  livery  stable 

$100permonth. 

William  J.  Oakes 

do.... 

do 

$75  per  month. 
$60  per  month. 
$50  per  month, 
$90  per  month, 
$60  per  month. 

do 

Ray  Dougherty 

Second 

do 

With  Sunbeam  Coal  Co 

do 

do 

John  King 

do 

.do 

To  work  in  mine 

Note.— The  Second  Company  had  22  men  discharged,  3  reenlisted;  the  Twelfth  Company  had  19  men 
discharged,  1  reenlisted;  the  One  hundred  and  thirty-first  Company  had  2  men  discharged,  none  reen- 
listed. Twenty  recruits  were  received  on  July  5,  1906;  no  recruits  other  than  special  enlistments  have 
been  received  since  that  date. 


Seventh  Company,  Fort  Banks,  Mass. 

Enlisted  men  are  continually  leaving  the  service  by  purchase  of  discharge  to  accept 
higher  salaried  positions  in  civil  life,  as  witness  the  following: 


Name. 

Discharge 

obtained 

by- 

Position  accepted. 

Salary. 

Benjamin  Eisenstadt . . 
George  E.  Cramer 

Purchase . 
do 

Mr.  Herskovitz,  milk  dealer,  Warrington,  Fla — 
Warrington  Ice  Co.,  Warrington,  Fla 

$65  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 

Colby  M.  Lean^itt 

Ernest  Soderberg 

do.... 

do.... 

W.  H.  McElwain  Co.,  Boston,  Mass    

$18  per  week. 
$2.35  per  day. 

Boston  and  Maine  R.  R    Boston,  Mass 

PAY    OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   ARMY. 


55 


Any  man  discharged  at  this  post  with  a  character  of  "excellent"  can  get  a  position 
as  a  street-car  conductor  on  the  Boston  Elevated  system  at  $12  per  week. 

One  of  my  corporals  has  just  been  offered  a  position  as  engineer  in  Providence  at 
$75  per  month. 

The  enlisted  man  of  the  Coast  Artillery  Corps  after  three  years  becomes  a  skilled 
artisan,  capable  of  using  his  mind  as  well  as  his  body.  The  |13  per  month  does  not 
appeal  to  him  when  he  knows  that  his  skill  will  net  him  at  least  $60  per  month  in 
civil  life. 

It  is  most  disheartening  to  a  company  commander  who  strives  to  bring  his  company 
to  the  highest  possible  efficiency  to  discharge  man  after  man  with  no  reenlistments. 

Fifty -ninth  and  One  hundred  and  twenty-fourth  Companies,  Fort  Andrews,  Mass. 

Within  the  past  year  5  sergeants  and  2  corporals  have  been  discharged  by  purchase, 
and  in  the  last  three  months  6  more  men  have  been  granted  permission  to  take  a 
civil-service  examination,  all  for  the  purpose  of  bettering  themselves  by  taking  such 
positions  as  guard  in  a  United  States  penitentiary,  conductor  on  street  car,  fireman, 
and  carpenter,  which  pay  from  $60  to  $90  per  month. 

The  following  is  a  citation  of  individual  instances  of  some  of  the  above-mentioned 


Name. 


Arthur  E.  Lampard.. 

Frank  A.  Thomas 

William  A.  Towner... 

L.  H.  Hewitt 

Clarence  L.  Kornegay. 

Frederick  J.  Wright . . 


Harry  Klumpp... 
William  P.  Grube. 


Company. 


One  hundred  and 

twenty-fourth. 

do 


.do. 
.do. 
.do. 


Fifty-ninth. 


Discharge  ob- 
tained by- 


Purchase  . 
....do... 

do... 

do... 

do... 


.do. 


do 

Expiration  of 
service. 


Position  accepted. 


Clerk  in  wholesale  grocery 

store. 
Bartender,  Portsmouth, 

N.  H. 
Storekeeper  in  navy-yard, 

Portsmouth,  N.  H. 
Street  -  car     conductor, 

Boston,  Mass. 
Guard,     United     States 

Penitentiary,  Atlanta, 

Ga. 
Carpenter  for  C.  E.  Cur- 
rier, at  post. 

Fireman  on  tugboat 

Street  -  car     conductor, 

Boston,  Mass. 


Pay. 


$90  per  month. 
$80  per  month. 
$60  per  month, 
$70  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 

$3.50  per  day. 

$70  per  month. 
$60  per  month. 


Men  discharged  here  who  do  not  reenlist  state  that  they  have  such  positions  as 
brakeman,  fireman,  watchman,  etc.,  paying  from  $60  to  $120  per  month. 

Men  seeing  former  soldiers  drawing  from  $60  to  $120  per  month  on  the  outside  do 
not  care  to  reenlist  for  $13  per  month. 

Soldiers  are  required  to  work  with  and  do  the  same  kind  of  work  as  civilians  draw- 
ing from  $3  to  $5  per  day  on  such  duty  as  mounting  and  dismounting  guns  and  mov- 
ing heavy  ordnance. 

Forty-fifth  Company,  Fort  Du  Pont,  Del. 

Following  is  a  list  of  men  recently  discharged: 


Name. 

Date. 

Cause. 

Present  position. 

Salary. 

Private  Merklin 

Private  Karstetter 

Private  Boyce 

July   16,1906 
July     3,1906 
July   15,1906 
July  21,1906 
July  22,1906 
July  26,1906 
July  31,1906 
Aug.  11,1906 
Aug.  31,1906 
Sept.  14, 1906 
Sept.  22, 1906 
Oct.    15,1906 
Nov.    7,1906 
.do 

Discharged . . . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

....do 

Bought  out .  . 

'.'.'.'.'.do'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

do 

do 

do 

Discharged . . . 
do 

Ship  yards,  Camden,  N.  J 

Motorman,  Wilmington,  Del.. 
Electrician,  Wilmington,  Del.. 

Brakeman,  Baltimore,  Md 

Electrician,  Saulsbury,  Md . . . 
Cook,  Delmar,  Md 

$50  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 
$2.50  per  day. 
$75  per  month. 
$60  per  month. 
$45  per  month. 
$3  per  day. 
$75  per  month. 
$2.50  per  day. 
$75  per  month. 
$60  per  month. 
$85  per  month. 
$65  i)er  month. 
$3  per  day. 

$2.50  per  dav. 
In  business  for 
himself. 

Private  Marviel 

Private  Ennis..  . 

Private  McG rath 

Sergeant  Ramsey 

Sergeant  Weand 

Musician  Ford 

Private  Scates 

Private  Gunn 

Policeman,  Pottsville,  Pa 

Printer,  Philadelphia,  Pa 

Blacksmith,  Kansas  City,  Mo. . 

Barber,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Clerk,  Chester,  Pa 

Private  Burnett 

Sergeant  Richards 

Private  Barrett 

Engineer,  Delaware  City,  Del.. 
Conductor,  Philadelphia,  Pa . . 
Brakeman, Pennsylvania  R.R., 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Electrician,  Wilmington,  Del.. 
Storekeeper,  Oneida,  Ky 

Private  Losey 

Nov.  10,1906 
Jan.   13,1907 

Bought  out .  . 
Discharged . . . 

Sergeant  Saylor 

56  PAY    OF    OFFICERS   AND    ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    ARMY. 

Forty-fifth  Company,  Fort  Du  Pont,  Del. — Continued. 


Name. 

Date. 

Cause. 

Present  position. 

Salary. 

Sergeant  Davis 

Sergeant  Columbus  . . . 

June  16,1907 

do 

June  28,1907 
June  23,1907 
June  29,1907 

do 

Bought  out .  . 
Discharged . . . 

Policeman,    Panama,    Canal 

Zone. 
do 

$80  per  month. 
Do. 

Corporal  MacDonald. , 

Corporal  Homan 

Musician  Ayers 

Private  Sunderman . .. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Drug  clerk,  Housdanis,  Mass. . 

Teamster,  Reading,  Pa 

Clerk,  Philadelphia,  Pa 

Clerk,  Pittsburg,  Pa 

$60  per  month. 
$55  per  month. 
$2.50  per  day. 
$60  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 

$3  per  day. 
$90  per  month. 

$2.50  per  day. 
*90  per  month. 

$55  per  month. 

$75  per  month. 
$3  per  day. 
$55  per  month. 

Private  Thompson 

do 

.  .    do 

Molder,  Pittsburg,  Pa 

Chauffeur,  Philadelphia,  Pa. . . 

Carpenter,  Saulsbury,  Md .... 

Brakeman,Pennsylvania  R.R., 
PhUadelphia,  Pa. 

Brakeman,  Delmar,  Md 

Brakeman, Pennsylvania  R.R., 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Fire  Department,  Atlantic 
City,  N.  J. 

Motorman,  Wilmington,  Del.. 

Straight  topper,  Chester,  Pa. . . 

Machinist,  Car  Works,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

Private  Nimmo 

Private  Ryan 

May     1,1907 
May  27,1907 
July  14,1907 

Aug.  21,1907 
Sept.  16, 1906 

Sept.    1,1907 

Sept.    7,1907 
Sept.    1,1907 
Sept.  10, 1907 

Bought  out . . 
Discharged . . . 
Bought  out . . 

Discharged . . . 
do 

do... 

do 

do 

Bought  out . . 

Sergeant  Adams 

Private  Robinett 

Sergeant  Large 

Private  Beckett 

Private  Littrell 

Private  Sinton 

Private  Yarosh 

Twenty-first  Company,  Fort  Howard,  Md. 

DISCHARGED  BY  EXPIRATION  OF  SERVICE. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Service 
at  dis- 
charge. 

Pay  per 
month  at 

dis- 
charge. 

Employment  in  civil  life. 

Pay  in  civil 
Ufe. 

Anderson 

Musician.. 
Private... 
do.... 

Years. 
12 
3 
3 

t 

3 

$16 
15 
15 
25 
19 
15 

Motorman        .  .  . 

$60  per  mohth. 
$50  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 
$3  per  day, 
$60  per  month. 
Do. 

Beliveau,  J 

Weaver 

Leister,  M.  C 

McLellan,  T.J 

Sergeant. . 
Musician.. 
Private... 

Carpenter 

Patnaud,  J.  P 

Wright,  J.  H 

Motorman 

do 

DISCHARGED  BY  PURCHASE, 


Dole,  E      

Private... 
..do 

8 
2 
6 
10 
2 
7 
4 
4 
5 
6 

$18 
15 
25 
25 
15 
20 
15 
15 
18 
19 

Hospital  orderly 

$40  per  month. 

Haywood 

Candy  maker 

McCray,  C.  L 

Pegg,  T.H 

Parker,  J.  P 

Sergeant. . 
do 

Private... 
do.... 

Bricklayer 

$3.50  per  day. 
$60  per  month. 

Conductor 

Ross,  J 

Barber 

Seibert,  R 

do.... 

do 

Railroad  fireman 

$70  per  month. 

Sutton,  G 

do 

Wilson,  T 

..do 

Plumber 

$3  per  day. 
$60  per  month. 

Worley,  A,  C 

Musician  . 

Railroad  brakeman 

One  hundredth  Company,  Fort  Terry,  N.  Y. 


Name, 


Rank. 


Discharge  ob- 
tained by- 


Position  accepted. 


Pay. 


Samuel  Orr. 


Perry  J,  Alters 

Edward  Campbell. 

John  Karolff 

William  Schulth... 
Kin  E.  Tevebaugh. 

George  Metz 

Phillip  Decker 


Sergeant.. 


do... 

do... 

Private.. 

Sergeant. 

CorporaL 

Private.. 
do... 


Expiration  of 

service. 

....do 

do 

....do 

....do 

Purchase 

....do 

Expiration  of 

service. 


Sheet-metal  worker 

Bookkeeper 

Policeman,  New  York  City 
Carpenter,  Buffalo,  N,  Y.. 

Stationary  engineer 

Farmer 

Miner 

Electrician 


$90  per  month. 

$80  per  month, 

$90  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 
$50  per  month. 
$3  per  day, 
$90  per  month. 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ABMY. 


57 


Forty-dxth  and  One  hundred  and  twentieth  Companies,  Fort  Strong,  Mass. 


Name. 


Company. 


^H^S^af    I   Dateofdis- 
obtained     |       ^^^^^^ 


Where  employed. 


Pay. 


Clarence  Walcott . . 

Albert  Little  wood.. 

Thomas     Fitzpat- 
rick. 

Robert  B.  Martell. . 

Charles  T.Theariau 

Herbert  E.  Moritz.. 
JohnH.  PfyfEer.... 


John  Susrgnski 

Daniel  Campbell . . . 
Charles  E.  Winslow 


Daniel  A.  Mclnnis. 

Jacob  Moore 

Fred  R.  Lanphear. 

Frederick  J.  Gately 
Freeman  McCord  . . 

William  H.  Ledoux. 
Chester  V.  D.  Jen- 
kins. 


Paul  Stankey . 


Roseoe  L.  Williams 


One  hundred 
and  twen- 
tieth. 

....do 


-do 

.do 

.do 


.do. 
.do. 


Forty-sixth 
'.'.do'.'.'. 


..do... 


..do... 
..do... 


..do... 
..do... 


..do... 
..do... 


One  hundred 
and  twen- 
tieth. 

do 


Expiration 
of  service. 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

do , 

do 


....do 

Purchase . . 

Expiration 

of  service. 

do 


...do 

...do. 


...do... 
...do... 


...do... 
...do... 


....do , 

....do 


Sept.    9,1905 

July  28,1905 

Oct.   17,1905 

Apr.  13,1906 

Nov.  21,1905 

Sept.    5,1905 
Feb.  10,1907 


Nov.  23, 1903 
Aug.  2, 1906 
Mar.  29,1907 

Dec.  20,1901 

Jan.  3, 1905 
Sept.    9,1907 

Jan.  13,1905 
July  31,1906 

Aug.  25,1907 
Aug.  22,1905 


July     7,1906 
Oct.   30,1905 


Armature  winder, 
General  Electric 
Co.,  Ljmn,  Mass. 

Machinist,  navy- 
yard,  Charlestown, 
Mass. 

Laster,  Douglas 
Shoe  Co.,  Brock- 
ton, Mass. 

Clerk,  Adams  Ex- 
press Co.,  Syra- 
cuse, N.  Y. 

Partnership  of  E. 
Cavanaugh  Co., 
South  Essex.Mass. 

Carpenter,  Fair- 
banks Scale  Co. 

Machinist,  Wal- 
worth Manufac- 
turing Co.,  Bos- 
ton, Mass. 

Watertown  Arsenal 

Boston,  Mass 

D.  Whiting  Co., 
Boston,  Mass. 

Boston  Elevated  R. 
R.  Co. 

do 

Boston  and  Maine 
R.  R.  Co. 

do 

Pennsylvania  R.  R. 
Co.,  Chicago,  111. 

do 

Lord  Electrical  Con- 
struction, B  o  s  - 
ton,  Mass. 

Salesman,  Fawkes 
Auto  Co.,  Minne- 
apolis, Minn. 

Electrician,  General 
Electric  Co., 
Lynn,  Mass. 


$18  to  $20  per 
week. 

$21  per  week. 


$20  to  $25  per 
week. 

$70  per  month. 


Member    of 
firm. 

$3.50  per  day. 

$4  per  day. 


$18  per  week. 

$15  per  week. 

$18  per  week. 

Do. 
Do. 

Do. 
Do. 

Do. 

$15  per  week. 


$20  per  week. 
$22  per  week. 


One  hundred  and  seventh  Company,  Fort  Preble,  Me. 
The  following  have  been  discharged  since  January  1,  1907: 


Name. 

Discharge  obtained  by- 

Position  accepted. 

Rate  of 
pay  per 
month. 

Henry  T.  Patrick 

Expiration  of  service 

Teamster 

$75 

do 

Cotton  spinner 

48 

do 

do 

48 

William  J.  Veinotte 

do 

Teamster 

70 

John  Nave 

.do 

Plumber's  helper 

48 

Walter  L.  Barter 

Purchase 

Bartender,  Boston,  Mass 

75 

60 

Thomas  F.  Hill 

do  . 

Carpenter                  

60 

Benjamin  J.  Peiglitel. . 
Leroy  H.  Stevens 

do 

$75  to  85 

do 

Electrician 

75 

Edward  Miller 

Carpenter 

55 

Albert  Christian 

Expiration  of  service... 

Machinist's  helper 

60 

Charles  E.  Yates 

do 

do 

60 

Charles  H.  J.  Ready 

do 

$75  to  85 

James  J   Ormonde 

do 

Carpenter 

80 

Rudolph  H.  Neubauer. 
Frank  Mahood 

75 

Expiration  of  service 

Painter.                 

48 

The  above  list  could  be  greatly  lengthened  by  going  back  to  1906,  but  this  shows 
just  what  has  taken  place  in  this  company  and  is  a  fair  representation  of  all  the  com- 
panies of  this  district. 


58 


PAY   OF    OFFICEKS   AND    ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    AKMY. 


The  men  mentioned  in  the  above  list  were  for  the  most  part  first-class  gunners  and 
some  of  them  were  exceedingly  efficient  as  mechanics.  Their  failure  to  reenlist  was  a 
most  decided  loss  in  efficiency  to  this  company  and  a  big  loss  to  the  Government. 

Another  man  is  just  being  discharged  by  purchase  to  accept  a  position  of  $75  per 
month.  This  is  the  largest  company  in  this  district,  has  a  large  company  fund,  and 
the  best  mess  I  have  ever  seen  in  the  Army.  Yet  it  requires  to-day  41  recruits  to  fill  its 
ranks.  The  small  number  in  the  companies  makes  the  guard  and  fatigue  duty  onerous 
and  causes  discontent  with  accompanying  failures  to  reenlist  and  desertions. 

One  hundred  and  nineteenth  Company,  Fort  Mott,  N.  J. 

The  following  men  were  discharged  by  purchase  since  1902  and  are  located  in  the 
following-named  places  as  far  as  is  known: 


Name. 

Where  located. 

How  employed. 

Salary. 

Couch 

Clay  County,  Ky 

Farmer 

Hottinger 

Vincennes,  Ind 

do 

Morris           

Baltimore,  Md 

Boiler  maker 

13.50  per  day. 
$a  per  day. 

Harboldt 

Joplin,Mo 

Eisner 

Ramsey,  N.  J 

Owner  of  poultry  farm 

Mechanic 

Lang 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

$16  per  week. 
$9  per  week. 

Fry? 

Canton,  Ohio 

I^aborer 

Maiden            

Virginia 

Farmer 

Marvel 

Salisbury,  Md 

$11  per  week. 

Bums              

Alva,Ky 

Owns  barber  shop 

Virginia 

Farmer 

Worthington 

Enid,  Okla 

$90  per  month. 
Unknown 

Huddleson                 .  . 

Unknown     

Unknown 

Atkins 

West  Virginia 

Minford               

Johnstown,  Pa 

Steel  worker 

$4  per  day. 

Tennessee 

Farmer 

Mills      

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Railroad  engineer 

$120  per  month. 
$4  per  day. 

W  illiamsport.  Pa 

Steel  worker 

Sterrett 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Smith                      .     . 

Kentucky 

Farmer 

Portland,  Me 

Rigger 

$5  per  day. 
$60  per  month. 

Evans     

Louisville,  Ky 

Railroader 

Chandler,  0 

Illinois 

Farmer 

Higgins 

New  York  City 

Proof  reader  . . 

$18  per  week. 
$4  per  day. 

Moore 

Keokuk,  Iowa. 

Foreman 

The  following-named  men  have  been  discharged  by  expiration  of  term  of  service 
and  have  not  reenlisted,  but  are  situated,  as  far  as  known,  in  the  following  places: 


Name. 


Place. 


How  employed. 


Salary. 


Myer 

Woelk 

Ford 

Sawyer 

Welsh 

Gibbons 

Stowe 

Hundley 

Carlson 

Tanner 

Schweikhardt. 

Whitehead 

Leahraan 

Shrigley 

Keef. 

Stewart 

Graham 

Henry 

Ryan. 


Ednay... 
Sanderlin. 

Ayerso.  . 


Naill 

Pickering. 
Hawkey.. 

Smith 

Glass 


Milwaukee,  Wis 

Pittsburg,  Pa 

Williamsport,  Pa. . . 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

Utica,  N.  Y 

Philadelphia,  Pa... 

New  York  City 

Richmond,  Va 

Clearfield,  Pa 

Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

New  York  City 

Winston,  N.  C 

Lima,  Ohio 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Philadelphia,  Pa... 

Consho,  Pa 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Philadelphia,  Pa... 
Newburgh,  N.  Y... 

New  York  City 

Phoebus,  Va 

Salem,  N.  J 


Shenandoah,  Pa 

Wilmington,  Del 

Council  Bluffs,  Iowa. 

Jersey  City,  N.  J 

Newark,  N.  J 

Shamokin,  Pa 


Coachman 

Miner 

Steel  worker 

Stonecutter 

Knitting  mill 

Pugilist 

Unknown 

Lineman 

Railroad  engineer. . 
Traveling  salesman. 

Bookkeeper 

Insurance  agent 

Farmer 

Musician 

Shipbuilder 

Unknown 

do 

do 

Owns  butcher  shop. 

Clerk 

Owns  saloon 

Carpenter 


Miner 

Car  conductor. 

Carpenter 

Bartender 

Car  conductor. 
Miner 


$12  i)er  week. 
$3.50  per  day. 
$4  per  day. 
$4.50  per  day. 
$12  per  week. 
Unknown. 

$14  per  week. 
$125  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 
$60  per  month. 
$10  per  week. 
Unknown. 
$60  per  month. 
$3.50  per  day. 


$15  per  week. 

$2.50  per  day. 

$3.50  per  day. 
$14  per  week. 
$2.50  per  day. 
$15  per  week. 
$14  per  week. 
$3.50  per  day. 


oDead. 


PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   ARMY.  59 

One  hundred  and  nineteenth  Company,  Fort  Mott,  N.  J. — Continued. 


Name. 

Place. 

How  employed. 

Salary. 

Farmer 

Unknown. 

Garland 

.do 

.  ..do 

Do. 

Chicago,  111 

Plumber 

$4  per  day. 

Hoop 

Pleasant  Valley,  Pa 

Chicago,  lU 

School-teacher 

$45  per  montji. 

Marx 

Salesman 

$13  per  week. 

Bateman 

Bridgeport,  Conn 

Clerk 

$12  per  week. 

HoUiday...           

Boston,  Mass 

Ball  player 

Unknown. 

Bailey 

Baltimore,  Md 

$15  per  week. 
$14  per  week. 

Milner 

New  YorkGity 

Car  conductor 

Barber 

New  York  City 

Baltimore,  Md 

Shipping  clerk 

$15  i)er  week. 

Swindle.. 

$14  per  week. 

Thirty-third  Company,  Fort  Columbia,  Wash. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  men  discharged  during  past  year: 


Name. 


Discharge  obtained  by- 


Position  accepted. 


Pay. 


Geo.  Felton i  Expiration  of  service . 

Thos.  Lewis do 


Roy  Lynch do . 


J.  F.  Jayne 

Bert  Flake 

W.  Christensen. 
W.  R.  Olney... 

P.  Goin 

H.  Anderson... 


Frank  Bergaus. 


Fire  department,   Portland, 

Oreg. 
Carpenter,    Fort    Columbia, 

Wash. 
Brakeman,    Chicago,    Rock 

Island  and  Pacific  R.  R. 

Painter,  Raymond,  Wash 

Policeman,  Raymond,  Wash. 

Farrier,  Portland,  Oreg 

Bartender,  Chinook,  Wash... 
Bartender,  Raymond,  Wash. 
Tunnehnan,  Fort  Columbia, 

Wash. 
Car  repairer,  Seattle,  Wash . . , 


$85  per  month. 

$3  per  day. 

$85  per  month. 

$3.50  per  day. 
$75  per  month. 
$4  per  day. 
$60  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 
$3.25  per  day. 

$70  per  month. 


Men  discharged  here  say  they  have  positions  as  fisherman,  tunnelman,  lumberman, 
carpenter,  and  railroad  and  construction  work  offered  them  at  wages  ranging  from  $3 
per  day  to  |5  per  day,  consequently  very  few  reenlist. 

Eighty-ninth  Company,  Fort  Banks,  Mass. 
During  year  past  the  following  have  received  their  discharges: 


Name. 


Rank. 


[  Discharge  ob- 
]    tained  by- 


Employed  at- 


Pay. 


Gladden,  Joseph  J. . . 
O'Brien,  Thomas  E  . 

Ross,  Stanislas 

Cook,  Ken 

Girard,  John  B 

Lee,  Patrick  J 

Mitchell,  Harry 

O'Rourke,  Walter  F. 


Sheehan,  William  P.. . 
Thompson,  Sumner  E . 

Thwaites,  Joseph 


Sergeant,  master  i  Expiration  of 

gunner.                      service. 
Musician ! do 


Cook I do... 

Private |  Purchase 

....do 

do 

do 

do 


.do. 


Expiration  of 

service. 
Purchase 


Expiration  of 

service. 
....do 


Purchase . 
do... 


.do. 


Winslow,  Howard  E  ..' do j  Expiration  of 

!  i      service. 


General  Electric  Works, 

Dayton,  Ohio. 
General  Electric  Works, 

Chicago,  111. 
Carpenter,  Fall  River, 

Mass. 
Lumberman,     Oceana, 

W.  Va. 
Hat  factory.  Fall  River, 


Street -car  conductor, 

Boston,  Mass. 
Glass  factory,   Elmira, 

N.  Y. 
Barber,  Fall  River, 


Barber,  Win  throp,Mass. 

Signalman,  railroad, 
Worcester,  Mass. 

Marine  engineer,  Bos- 
ton, Mass. 

Painter,     Marblehead, 


$75  per  month. 

$80  per  month. 

$3  per  day. 

$90  per  month.. 

$3  per  day. 

$70  per  month. 

$3  per  day. 

$80  per  month. 

$75  per  month. 
$90  per  month. 

$100  per  month. 

$3  per  day. 


The  above-named  men,  one  a  master  gunner,  left  the  service  with  the  intention  of 
bettering  their  condition  in  civil  life,  and  all,  without  exception,  stated  that  they  could 
not  see  their  way  clear  to  continue  in  the  service  at  $13  per  month. 


60 


PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 


Thirty-fourth  and  Ninety-third  Companies,  Fort  Stevens,  Or  eg. 

Within  the  year  ending  August  23,  1907,  77  enlisted  men  have  been  discharged 
from  the  two  companies  at  this  post,  2  by  purchase  and  75  by  expiration  of  service. 

Seven  of  this  number  reenlisted  in  the  companies  from  which  discharged,  and  8,  as 
far  as  known,  reenlisted  elsewhere. 

Plenty  of  work  can  be  obtained  in  this  vicinity  at  $2.50  per  day  and  up.  Discharged 
soldiers  can  always  get  employment  in  this  locality  at  wages  from  two  to  four  times  as 
great  as  that  paid  them  in  the  service  for  work  not  much  in  excess  of  what  is  required 
in  an  artillery  garrison  at  present. 

The  following  are  fair  examples  of  the  employment  obtained  by  discharged  soldiers 
in  this  vicinity: 


Name  and  rank. 

Company. 

Discharge  ob- 
tained by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

Henry  Pfeiffer,  private. . 

Peter  A.  Wettleson,  ser- 
geant. 

Roy  B.  Dodd,  corporal. . 

Eugene  Sullivan,  private. 

Wm.    B.    Chilton,    ser- 
geant. 

Ernest     L.     McGowan, 
corporal. 

Edward    E.    Simmons, 
corporal. 

John  T.   Johnson,  cor- 

Thirty-fourth . . 

do 

do 

Expiration  of 
service. 

do 

do 

Fireman,   quartermas- 
ter's department, 
Fort  Stevens,  Oreg. 

Rodman,  United  States 
Engineers,  Fort  Ste- 
vens, Oreg. 

Brakeman,     United 
States   Engineers, 
Fort  Stevens,  Oreg. 

Conductor,  street  rail- 
road, Seattle,  Wash. 

ClerkintheE.  M.  Lally 
grocery  store,  Ham- 
mond, Oreg. 

Laborer,  Callender 
Navigation  Co.,  Asto- 
ria, Oreg. 

Motorman,  Seattle 
Street   Railway  Co., 
Seattle,  Wash. 

Civil  employee  on  the 
United   States  cable 
ship  Burnside. 

Laborer,  Kelly's  saw- 
mill,        Warrenton, 
Oreg. 

Bartender,  Wright's 
saloon,     Hammond, 
Oreg. 

Laborer,   Seaside  Saw 
Mill,  Seaside,  Oreg. 

Laborer   in   a   logging 
camp,  Eugene,  Oreg. 

Laborer,   Seaside  Saw 
Mill,  Seaside,  Oreg. 
.do 

$60  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 
$70  per  month. 

do 

do 

Not  known. 
$60  per  month. 

$65  per  month. 

$60  per  month. 

$50    per    month 

do 

Ninety-third... 
do 

.  ..do 

Purchase 

Expiration  of 
service. 

do 

.    .do 

poral. 

George  A.  Ivowdell,  pri- 
vate. 

do 

do 

and  found. 
$2.75  per  day. 

do 

do 

$75  per  month. 

poral. 

Henry  A.  Lehman,  pri- 
vate. 
Ben    F.    Gilbreth,    cor- 

 do 

do 

do 

do 

$2.75  per  day. 
$3.25  per  day. 

poral. 

Thomas  Blackwell,  cor- 
poral. 

William  Senn,  cook 

do 

do 

do 

.do. 

$2.75  per  day. 
Do. 

William    Hoover,     ser- 
geant. 
Frank  Jelinek,  private  . . 

Charles    W.    Lawrence, 

corporal. 
Walter  Cowley,  private. . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Laborer  in  a  logging 
camp,  Rainier,  Oreg. 

Carpenter,   United 
States    Engineers, 
Fort  Stevens,  Oreg. 

Laborer  in  a  box  fac- 
tory, Portland,  Oreg. 

Laborer  in  sawmill,  St. 
Johns,  Oreg. 

$3.50  per  day. 
Do. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

$2.50  per  day. 
Do. 

PAY   OF   OFFICEES   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF    THE   ARMY. 


61 


First  Band,  Third,  Nineteenth,  Thirty-sixth,  Ninety-ninth,  and  One  hundred  and  forty- 
fourth  Companies,  Fort  Moultrie,  S.  C. 

Within  the  past  year  the  following-named  men  have  been  discharged  by  purchase 
or  expiration  of  term  of  service  to  accept  better  positions  in  civil  life: 


Name. 

Company. 

Discharge  ob- 
tained by — 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

CarlM.  Fremstead.... 
Maz  Pallmer         

First  Band  ... 
Nineteenth . . . 

Purchase 

.     .do 

Musician,  Jacksonville.  Fla. 

Hotel  clerk.Charleston,S.C. 

Clerk  at  navy-yard, Charles- 
ton, S.  C. 

Laundry   business,    Moul- 
trieville,  S.  C. 

Storekeeper,  Clem  son  Col- 
lege, S.  C. 

Street-car    conductor, 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

Police     force,    Charleston, 
S.C. 

Street-car    conductor, 
Charleston,  S,  C. 

Bookkeeper    in    wholesale 
iiouse,  Charleston,  S.  C. 

Pawnbroker,     Charleston, 

q     p 

Barber,  Columbia,  S.C 

Street-car   conductor, 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

Clerk  at  navy-yard, Charles- 
ton, S.  C. 

Fireman  on  Southern  R.  R. 

Police  force,  Chicago,  111 

Bartender,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

Post-office  clerk 

$20  per  week. 
$100  per  month. 
$90  per  month. 

$100  per  month. 

$60  per  month. 

Do. 

Maxey  R.  Day 

Herman  Albrecht     

Third. 

Expiration  of 

service. 
Purchase 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 

do 

Reuel  C.  Crawford 

do.     .  . 

Gamewell  Brunson. .  . 

.     .do    

Joseph  E.  Crosby 

.     .do 

do 

Do. 

Samuel  B.  McClary 

do 

do 

Do. 

do 

do 

$75  per  month. 

$100  per  month. 

$50  per  month. 
$60  per  month. 

$90  per  month. 

Do. 

$75  per  month. 

Bo. 

do 

do 

Michael  Shatus 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Clyde  E.  Slick 

do 

do 

Powel  R.  Robertson... 
William  L.  Singleton. . 
Jacob  Meitzler 

do 

do 

do 

Thirty-sixth. . 
do 

do 

do 

do 

Purchase 

do 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 

Purchase 

..  ..do 

Spurgeon  Garwood 

Luther  Gott 

Fireman,  Southern  R.  R  . . . 

Police    force,    Charleston, 
S.C. 

Laborer,  Engineer  Depart- 
ment, U.  S.  Army. 

Junk   buyer,  Constantine, 
Mich. 

Laborer  in  distillery,  Peo- 
ria. 111. 

Street -car  motorman, 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

Machinist,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Carpenter,  Huntington.  W. 
Va. 

Butcher,  Salina,  Kans 

Electrician,    Indianapolis, 
Ind. 

Telegraph  operator 

$85  per  month. 
$55  per  month. 

Samuel  N.  Cash 

James  Christian 

Ninety-ninth . 
.do 

$70  per  month. 

$50   to   $75   per 

month. 
$2.50  per  day. 

$60  per  month. 

$90  per  month, 

$60  per  month. 
$3.50  per  day. 

$65  per  month. 
$15  per  week. 

Robert  P.  Roloff 

.do 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 

do 

Ralph  A.Schofleld.... 
John  Klein  . 

do 

.do 

Joseph  Z.  Gibbs 

Herman  W.  Rathert . . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

G rover  Schiegel 

Lucius  A.  Gardner . . : . 

William  A.  Wingard.  . 

do 

One  hundred 
and    forty- 
fourth, 
.do 

do 

do 

do 

The  command  from  Fort  Moultrie,  S.  C,  appeared  in  public  at  Statesburg,  S.  C, 
August  14,  1907,  at  the  unveiling  ceremonies  of  the  General  Sumter  monument. 
Four  of  the  companies  had  to  be  combined  to  form  two.  All  the  companies  were 
greatly  reduced.     The  command  now  averages  51  men  per  company. 

Fifty-sixth  Company,  Fort  Wadsworth,  New  York  Harbor. 

The  following-named  soldiers  were  discharged  within  past  year  ended  October  10, 
1907: 


Name. 

Discharge  ob- 
tained by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

Schultz,  Cristoph  J 

Purchase 

do 

Assistant  instructor,  school  of  lan- 

Interborough  Rapid  Transit  Co 

Grocer's  clerk 

$900  per  annum. 

Jenkins,  Ernest 

$16  per  week. 

do 

$15  per  week. 
$18  per  week. 

McKeown,  Howard 

do 

B  utcher 

CrumpjClayK., first  sergeant. 

Brickey, George  W., sergeant. 
Langston,  Oscar,  sergeant. 

Expiration  of 
service. 

do 

do 

South  American  railroad 

$125  per  month. 

Mining,  South  America 

$150  per  month. 

United  States  Express  Co 

$18  per  week. 

62 


PAY   OF    OFFICERS    AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    ARMY. 


Fifteiih  Company,  Fort  Wadsworth,  N.  Y. 
Soldiers  discharged  from  Fiftieth  Company  in  the  lastyear  were  as  follows: 


Name. 


Discharge  obtained  by- 


Position  accepted. 


Pay. 


Eugene  Odette 

Harry  Schoenfeld . 


John  Gressh 

Edwin  C.  Knox... 

Earl  C.Hart 

Edgar  M.  Burr... 

James  Smith 

Charles  Robinson. 
Charles  Lufkin 


Herman  Caminski . 
John  Shuber 


Expiration  of  service. 
do 


do 

do 

do 

Purchase 

do 

Expiration  of  service. 
do 


Machinist,  Providence,  R.  I.. 
Manager  of  an  optical  goods 

manufactory. 
Machinist,     Staten     Island, 

N.  Y. 
Conductor  on  street  car.  New 

York  City. 
Clerk  in  wholesale  hardware 

store,  New  York  City. 
Draftsman  in  civil  service, 

New  York  City. 
Manager  of  father's  farm  in 

Arkansas. 
Conductor  on  street  car,  Jer- 
sey City,  N.  J. 
Partnership  with  father  in 

ice  business,  Swampscott, 


.do. 


Per  Special  Order  No.  2 
War  Department,  1906. 


Guard  on  subway,  New  York 

City. 
Bricklayer,    in    New    York 

City. 


$65  per  month. 
$150  per  month. 

165  per  month. 

$75  per  month. 

$70  per  month. 

$1,650  per  year. 

$75  per  month. 


$60  per  month. 
$4  per  day. 


Eighty-sixth  Company,  Fort  Wadsworth,  N.  Y. 


Name. 

Discharge  obtained  by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

Joseph  M.  Cole 

Draftsman    New  York  City 
civil  service. 

Storekeeper,  Ransome  Con- 
crete and  Machinery  Co. 

Motorman 

$1,800  per  year. 

$60  per  month. 

$15  per  week. 
$17.50  per  week. 

$80  per  month. 

$65  per  month. 
$15  per  week. 

$18  per  week. 

John  W.  Phelps 

Getta  Woodward 

Expiration  of  service 

Purchase 

do 

Guard,  subway,  New  York 
City,  N.  Y. 

Railway  engineer,  Pennsyl- 
vania R.  R. 

Fireman,  New  Jersey  R.  R . . . 

Driver   of    beef   wagon   for 
Swift  Beef  Co. 

Street-car   conductor,  New- 
ark, N.  J. 

Robert  E,  Pritchard... 
Depke  Frank 

Expiration  of  service 

do 

do 

do 

Second  Band,  Fifth  and  Forty-ninth  Companies,  Fort  Williams,  Me. 

One  year  ago  the  Second  Band,  Coast  Artillery  Corps,  had  25  enlisted  men,  the 
Forty-ninth  Company  87,  and  the  Seventy-fourth  Company  89  men.  To-day  the  Sec- 
ond Band  has  25  men,  the  Fifth  Company  61,  the  Forty-ninth  Company  59,  and 
the  One  hundred  and  fifty-fifth  Company  28  enlisted  men. 

During  the  same  period,  with  but  a  very  few  exceptions,  all  discharged  men  from 
this  post  have  accepted  positions,  of  which  the  following  is  a  citation  of  individual 
instances  that  happen  to  be  known  at  the  present  time,  viz: 


Name. 


Clar  Farmer. 


Company. 


Forty-ninth. 
Fifth 


Geo.  W.  Wainwright. 

Archie  Cochrane I do 

Thomas  Willett Second  Band 

Rudolf  Braun do 


Vincent  Chapman. 

Homer  M.  Collins. 
JohnT.  Tibault.. 
John  L.  Swift.... 


Lee  R.  Doyle 

Earnest  P.  George. 


Joseph  Sheridan. 
Frank  Brown... 


Forty-ninth. 


...do. 
....do. 
...do. 


Discharge 
obtained  by- 


Purchase. 


.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 


Expiration  of 
service. 

do 

....do 

do 


.do. 
.do. 


.do. 
.do. 


Position  accepted. 


Pay. 


$3.50  per  day. 


Foreman,  stave  mill  in  Ken- 
tucky. 

Lineman,  Portland,  Me $2.50  per  day. 

Plumber,  Portland,  Me Do. 

Machinist,  Portland,  Me. . .   $14  per  week. 

Clerk,    tea    store.    Ports-    $15  per  week, 
mouth,  N.  H. 

Plumber,  Portland,  Me $3.50  per  day, 


Draftsman,  Panama  Canal . 

Spinner,  Somersworth,  N.H. 

Fireman.  Maine  Central 
R.  R.,  Portland,  Me. 

Carpenter,  Portland,  Me . . . 

Night  clerk,  hotel,  Port- 
land, Me. 

Timekeeper,  Portland,  Me. 

Salesman,  Portland,  Me 


$1,400  per  year. 
$4  per  day. 
$2.85  per  day. 

$3.50  per  day. 
$15  per  week. 

$2.65  per  day. 
$14  per  week. 


PAY   OP   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   ARMY. 


63 


Enlisted  men  at  this  post  are  required  to  work  with  and  do  the  same  kind  of  work 
as  civilians  for  much  less  pay  in  such  cases  as  the  following: 

The  civilian  fireman  at  the  post  power  plant  is  paid  $60  per  month,  while  the  enlisted 
fireman  only  gets  $30  per  month.  The  civilian  engineer  in  the  same  plant  gets  $100 
per  month,  the  enlisted  engineer  $65  per  month. 

Electrical  assistants  and  linemen  of  the  Signal  Corps  (civilians)  are  paid  from  $75 
to  $100  per  month;  enlisted  men  doing  the  same  work  are  paid  from  $13  to  $20  per 
month. 

Ordnance  mechanics  and  ordnance  helpers  are  paid  from  $60  to  $90  per  month; 
enlisted  men  doing  the  same  work  are  paid  $18  per  month . 

The  quartermaster  at  this  post  has  a  civilian  clerk  who  is  paid  $80  per  month,  doing 
the  very  same  work  that  enlisted  men  are  required  to  do  for  35  cents  per  day,  while 
the  post  quartermaster- sergeant  has  all  of  the  responsibilities  of  the  office  and  only 
gets  $34  per  month. 

The  engineers  in  charge  of  construction  in  this  harbor  have  had  considerable  diffi- 
culty in  getting  men  during  the  last  year,  paying  common  day  laborers  $2  per  day 
and  carpenters  and  mechanics  from  $3.50  to  $5  per  day.  They  are  employing  a  num- 
ber of  discharged  soldiers. 

Eighty-third  Company,  Eort  Revere,  Mass. 


Name. 


Joseph  C.  Ball.. 
Ernest  Rosseau. 


Joseph  Desmond . 

Wm.  H.  Spencer. . 

Joel  J.  Burton 

John  O.  Hubbard, 


A.  J.  Sexton 

Robert  M.  Paxton. 

Edw.  Tracey 

JohnC.  Scott 


Oscar  Pittock. 


Rank. 


Private . . 
Sergeant. 

Corporal. 

do... 

Private . . 
do... 


....do... 
Sergeant. 
Corporal. 
Private.. 


Corporal. 


Discharge 
obtained  by- 


Purchase 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 

do 

Purchase 

Expiration  of 

service. 

Purchase 

....do 

....do 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 


Present  position. 


Bartender,  Atlanta,  Ga 

Edison  Works,  Boston,  Mass . 

Nantasket  Boat  Co.,  Boston 

Mass. 
Edison  Works,  Boston,  Mass . 

Butcher,  Galveston,  Tex 

Carpenter,  Kewanee,  111 

Motorman,  Boston,  Mass 

Fish  dealer.  Boston,  Mass. 

Clerk,  Hull,  Mass , 

Engineer,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Engineer,  Scranton,  Pa 


Salary. 


$70  per  month. 
Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
$75  per  month. 
$3.50  per  day. 

Do. 
$75  per  month. 

$100  per  month. 

$120  per  month. 


A  private  of  the  Signal  Corps  was  discharged  at  Fort  H.  G.  Wright  in  November, 
1903  or  1904,  and  was  given  a  position  by  the  De  Forest  Wireless  Telegram  Company 
at  $200  per  month.  He  tried  to  get  discharged  about  a  month  before  his  time  was  up 
in  order  to  accept  the  situation,  but  was  not  permitted  to  do  so. 

Another  ex-private  of  the  Signal  Corps  was  at  that  time  getting  $300  per  month  in 
charge  of  a  wireless  station  in  South  America. 


Eighth  Band,  Fort  Barrancas,  Fla. 

Number  of  enlisted  men  in  band  on  October  1 ,  1907 17 

Number  authorized 28 

Percentage  of  those  authorized ' 60.  7 

Corporal  Olin  R.  Weaver  purchased  discharge  on  September  7,  1907,  to  become  a 
farm  laborer,  claiming  that  he  could  make  better  pay  as  a  farm  laborer  than  he  could 
as  a  corporal  irfthe  band. 

Corporal  John  A.  Nurnberger  purchased  his  discharge  on  September  26,  1907,  to 
become  an  assistant  in  a  tailor  shop,  claiming  that  he  could  make  more  pay  in  this 
capacity  than  he  could  as  a  corporal  in  the  band. 

Within  the  last  three  months  five  good  musicians  have  been  discharged,  and  none  of 
them  reenlisted  for  the  reason  that  they  could  do  better  elsewhere. 

Sergeant  Karl  Schrickel,  discharged  May  25,  1907,  and  Chief  Trumpeter  Arthur  G. 
Fredin,  discharged  April  24,  1907,  both  excellent  musicians,  and  both  with  excellent 
records  in  the  band,  failed  to  reenlist  after  six  years'  service  because  they  could  make 
better  pay  on  the  outside. 


64  PAY    OF    OFFICERS   AND    ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    ARMY. 

CAVALBY. 

Fourth  Cavalry,  Troop  G,  Fort  SnelUng,  Minn. 
The  following  were  discharged  during  last  three  years  from  Troop  G,  Fourth  Cavalry : 


Name. 

Rank. 

Position  accepted. 

Bookkeeper  in  bank. 
Conducting  feed  and  grain  store. 
Farming  and  stock  raising. 
Immigration  inspector. 
Street-car  conductor. 

Burroughs       

.do 

Kimball 

do 

Kurtz 

..  ..do 

Wilkinson 

do. 

Smith,  J 

do 

Assistant  train  dispatcher. 
Lieutenant  in  Philippine  Constabulary. 
Machinist. 

Smith,  T 

do. 

Trumpeter 

Private. 

Algier. 

Plumber  in  New  York. 

Crippen 

do 

Bookkeeper. 

Cunifl 

.do 

Grocery  clerk. 
Do. 

Hendershot 

do 

do 

Railroading. 

Teamster,  Quartermaster's  Department,  U.  S.  Army. 

Railroading. 

Packer,  Quartermaster's  Department,  U.  S.  Army. 

Mounted  police. 

Kouns 

do. 

Reed 

do 

Royster. 

..do 

Trainer 

do 

Thirteenth  Cavalry,  Troop  H,  Fort  Myer,  Va. 
The  following  were  discharged  since  May  4,  1906 : 


Name. 

Rank. 

Date  of  dis- 
charge. 

Service 
at  date 
of  dis- 
charge. 

Reasons  given  for  purchase  of  dis- 
charge. 

Private 

May     4, 1906 
June    4,1906 
July     7, 1906 

Dec.   12,1906 

Dec.   22,1906 
Jan.   21,1907 
Apr.  20,1907 
M:ar.  21,1907 
July  12,1907 

Sept.  23, 1907 
Oct.     4, 1907 

Years. 
2 
2 

7 

6 

9 
8 
2 
2 
2 

2 
4 

Better  pay  and  prospects. 
Do. 

Arnold  S.  Miseriz 

.  ..do 

Frank  D.  Dennison. 

do 

Better  pay  to  enable  him  to  support 

mother. 
Position  on  Southern    Ry.    giving 

more  pay. 
Civil-service  appointment. 
To  accept  position  at  $80  per  month. 
To  accept  position  at  $16  per  week. 
Do. 

PaulW.  Gottschok-... 

Edward  A.  Strachan. . 

Edgar  Pullman 

WillChitty.... 

Frank  J.  Ryan 

do 

First  sergeant 

do 

do 

Paul  J.  Corn 

Corporal 

To  take  charge  of  his  father's  busi- 
ness. 

Sidney  P.  Corn 

Edmund  Smith 

Private 

Corporal 

Better  pay  and  prospects. 

All  these  men  have  been  heard  from  and  are  holding  positions  of  average  salary  $20  per  week. 

Sixth  Cavalry,  Troop  F,  Fort  Meade,  S.  Dal. 
[Last  eighteen  months.] 


Name.                         Rank. 

i 

Length 
of  serv- 
ice. 

Discharge 

obtained 

by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

Burnett,  Henry  H 

Kelley,  George 

Sergeant 

Quartermas- 
ter-sergeant. 
Sergeant 

do 

Years. 
12 

2 
6 

3 

3 

Expiration 
of  service. 

Purchase . . . 

Fireman,     Chesa- 
peake and  Ohio 

do* 

$120  per  month 
Do. 

Hill,  Elwin  S 

Expiration 
01  service. 

do 

do 

Brakeman,Chicago 
and  Northwest- 
ern R.  R. 

Fireman,  Chicago 
and  Northwest- 
ern R.  R. 

Ranchman,  South 
Dakota. 

$80  per  month. 

$120  per  month. 

$40     per    month, 
board  and  room. 

Hunt,  Frank  B 

Bennett,  Wm.  P 

do 

PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   ARMY.  65 

Sixth  Cavalry,  Troop  F,  Fort  Meade,  S.  Dak. — Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Length 
of  serv- 
ice. 

Discharge 

obtained 

by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

Lee,  Henry  H .  . . 

Blacksmith... 

Private 

do 

Years. 
3 

11 
3 
3 
3 

By     order, 
conven- 
ience    of 
Govern- 
ment. 
do 

Expiration 
of  service. 
do 

do 

do 

Blacksmith,  Quar- 
termaster's De- 
partment. 

Brakeman,  Chicago 
and  Northwest- 
em  R.  R. 

Street-car  conduc- 
tor, Chicago,  111. 

Blacksmith,  Balti- 
more, Md. 

Butcher,    Boston, 
Mass. 

Brakeman,    Chi- 
cago and  North- 
western R.  R. 

$60     per     month, 
board  and  room. 

$80  per  month. 

$70  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 
$8.5  per  month. 
$80  per  month. 

James,  Ernest 

Foster,  Robert  L 

Kline,  John  B 

Blacksmith... 

Private 

do 

Garland,  Winfield 

Swanton,  Elmer  E.  E.. 

Sixth  Cavalry,  Troop  D. 

Fort  Meade,  S.  Dak.,  Octobers,  1907. 
Capt.  Johnson  Hagood,  U.  S.  Army, 

Washington,  D.  C. 
Sir:  It  may  be  useful  to  you  to  know  something  about  the  troop — I  mean  facts 
which  will  indicate  whether  or  not  the  men  have  any  grievances  and  leave  the  service 
because  of  anything  other  than  a  desire  to  better  their  condition. 

Present  strength  of  Troop  D,  Sixth  Cavalry,  is  50  men,  with  length  of  service  as 
follows: 

Years. 

11  noncommissioned  officers 4  to  24 

2  noncommissioned  officers 2  to    3 

1  cook 16 

6  privates 4  to  10 

6  privates 2  to    3 

Twenty-four  recruits,  with  less  than  one  year's  service. 

The  length  of  service  of  my  noncommissioned  officers  is  as  follows: 

Years. 

First  sergeant 11 

Second  sergeant 12 

Third  sergeant 24 

Fourth  sergeant 9 

Fifth  sergeant 7 

Sixth  sergeant 10 

Seventh  sergeant 2^ 

Eighth  sergeant 6 

First  corporal 6 

Second  corporal 15 

Third  corporal 13 

Fourth  corporal 4 

Fifth  corporal 2| 

In  addition  to  these  I  have  1  private  with  ten  years',  1  with  eight  years',  1  with 
five  years',  and  3  with  four  years'  service. 

All  these  old  men  remain  in  the  service  simply  because  they  like  it  and  not  because 
they  can  not  do  better  in  civil  life.  A  number  of  them  would  have  gone  out  this 
month  when  the  troop  was  reorganized  for  service  in  the  Philippines  had  it  not  been 
for  their  hope  and  belief  that  their  pay  will  be  increased. 

In  the  past  year  there  have  been  but  two  desertions  from  this  troop — one  a  man 
who  became  involved  with  a  woman  and  the  other  a  recruit  of  less  than  two  months' 
service  and  less  than  a  week  in  the  troop.  There  have  been  but  two  trials  by  gen- 
eral court-martial,  one  of  the  above  deserters,  the  other  for  insubordination  to  a  non- 
commissioned officer. 

18386—07 5 


66 


PAY    OF    OFFICERS    AND    ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    AEMY. 


List  of  men  discharged  from  Troop  D,  Sixth  Cavalry,  from  May,  1906,  to  the  pres- 
ent date,  whose  present  employment  and  their  respective  rates  of  pay  are  known, 


viz: 


Name. 

Rank. 

Discharge  obtained 

Employment. 

Rate  of  pay. 

Wm.  A.  Carmichael 

Private 

do 

Purchase 

Railroad  brakeman . . 

$100  per  month. 
$45  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 
$3  per  day. 
$83.50  per  month. 
$80  per  month. 
$90  per  month. 
$65  per  month. 
$5  per  day. 
$80  per  month. 
$3.50  per  day. 

$3  per  day. 
Do. 

Expiration  of  service. 
do 

do 

Street-car  conductor.. 
Miner 

Thomas  Hoileran 

Corporal.. 

do 

Clem  Craig 

do 

do 

Railroad  fireman 

Railroad  brakeman . . 
Tailor 

Herman  Willmering  . . 
Fred  Hanewinkel 

Private 

.     .do     ... 

do 

Purchase 

C.  B.  Chrisman 

do 

Expiration  of  service- 
do 

Teamster 

George  D.  Paige 

do 

Shoemaker 

C.  H.  Hedges 

do 

do 

Railroad  brakeman . . 
Miner       .  . 

Harry  Gibson. . 

Sergeant — 
Private.  .  . 

Convenience    of    the 

Government. 
do 

J.  J.  Fitzgerald  .  .  . 

.  do 

John  A.  Mattice 

do 

do 

do 

Coke  M.  Tinsley 

do 

do 

.  ..do 

Do. 

James  C.  C.  Whalen 

do 

do 

do 

Do. 

do 

do 

Stationary  engineer . . 

Teamster,     Quarter- 
master's    Depart- 
ment. 

$90  per  month. 
$40  per  month. 

Zonnie  Edwards. . . 

.do 

.  ..do...  . 

The  following  is  a  list  of  men  discharged  from  Troop  D.  Sixth  Cavalry,  whose  present 
employment  is  not  known,  but  who  have  left  the  service  to  improve  their  condition 
and  have  not  reenlisted,  viz: 


Name. 

Rank. 

Discharge  obtained  by- 

Date. 

Occupation. 

DanielJ.Maloy 

William  E.Sargent..  . 
"Wilson  Authement 

Corporal 

...do 

Expiration  of  service 

Jan.     8, 1907 
June  15,1907 
Feb.  28,1907 
June  19,1907 
June  23, 1907 
June  16,1907 
June  20,1907 
June  19,1907 
June  21,1907 
June  17,1907 
July   11,1907 
July  24,1907 
July   10,1907 
July     6, 1907 
Sept.    9,1907 

do 

June  27,1907 

...do 

Fireman. 

Private 

do 

Salesman. 

Walter  H.  Grain 

Corporal 

Trumpeter . 
Private 

....do 

Saddler. 

Charles  P.  Myers 

Earl  Haynes 

Mathew  C.  Hudson 

do 

Laborer 

do 

Miner. 

.do 

...do 

Weaver. 

Frank  J.  Nicholson 

do 

do 

Harold  V.  Owen 

....do 

....do . 

Frank  M.  Smith 

db 

do  .   .. 

Laborer. 

John  J.  Griffin 

Sergeant 

Private 

do 

Soldier. 

Timothy  G.CUfford... 
John  Keefe 

.do 

Laborer. 

do 

do 

Do. 

Edward  Stewart 

..do 

.do 

Do. 

Ralph  Allen 

do 

Convenience  of  the  Government 
do 

Do. 

Howard  L.  Summers.. 
Melville  H.Jenkins.    . 

do 

.do     . 

Do. 

The  current  rates  of  pay  in  this  vicinity,  are  as  follows:  Laborer,  $2.50  per  day,  not 
less;  carpenter,  $4  per. day;  blacksmith,  $5  per  day;  mason,  $5  per  day;  bricklayer, 
$5  to  $7  per  day;  teamster,  $45  to  $65  per  month,  including  rations  or  board;  farmer, 
$30  to  $50  per  month,  including  rations  or  board;  clerk,  $65  to  $150  per  month, 
miner,  $3  to  $5  per  day;  fireman,  $4  to  $5  per  day;  electrician  $75  to  $150  per  month. 

Cases  of  enlisted  men  who  are  offered  unusually  good  positions  in  civil  life  and  who 
will  be  influenced  by  increased  pay:  Grover  C.  Drake,  sergeant  and  acting  sergeant- 
major,  $75  per  month  as  clerk  in  Santa  Fe  Railroad  office  at  San  Francisco,  Cal.; 
Arthur  E.  Nesbitt,  corporal  troop  clerk,  $100  per  month  as  salesman  for  the  Diamond 
Ink  Company,  of  Milwaukee,  Wis. ;  August  F.  Viel,  sergeant,  $4.50  per  day,  as  fireman, 
Burlington  Railroad. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

George  L.  By ram, 
Captain,  Sixth  Cavalry,  Commanding  Troop  D. 


PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 


67 


Fourteenth  Cavalry,  Troop  M,  Yosemite  National  Park. 


Name. 

Discharge  obtained 
by- 

Present  position. 

Salary 

per 
month. 

$125 

A   0  Redmond 

Expiration  of  service. 

Teamster,  Erie,  Pa                        

80 

Lumber  yard,  Madera,  Cal 

120 

Frank  H   Duncan 

do 

Wells,  Fargo  &  Co. ,  Denver,  Colo 

85 

Chas.  E.  Dunlop 

Wm   F  Lerch 

Expiration  of  time . . . 
Expiration  of  service. 
By  favor 

Bartender,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

75 

Fireman,  Pennsylvania  R.  R 

90 

Roy  A.  Walker 

Fireman,  Michigan  Central,  Saginaw,  Mich. 
Fireman,  Yosemite  Valley  R.  R 

90 

Expiration  of  service. 
do 

100 

Sawmill 

90 

John  W.  Williams 

do 

75 

Fourteenth  Cavalry,  Troop  I,  Yosemite  National  Park. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  men  discharged  during  the  year  ended  October  11,  1907: 


Name. 

Discharge  ob- 
tained by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

Claude  E.  Spence 

Purchase 

Expiration  of 

service. 
Purchase 

Expiration  of 
service. 

Brakeman,  Southern  Pacific  R.  R.,  San 

Jose,  Cal. 
Janitor,  Union  Iron  Works,  San  Francisco, 

Cal. 
Hostler,  Union  Iron  Works,  San  Francisco, 

Cal. 

$90  per  month. 
$100  per  month. 

Leonard  Robinson 

$80  per  month. 
$4  per  day. 

Fourteenth  Cavalry,  Troop  G,  Presidio,  San  Francisco,  Col. 

Since  this  troop  returned  from  the  Philippine  Islands,  about  two  years  ago,  among 
probably  others,  the  following-named  discharged  men  have  done  well  in  civil  life, 
as  shown  in  table  below: 


Name. 

Position. 

Pay. 

L.  W.  Morrison 

Switchman,  Southern  Pacific  R.  R 

$110  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 
$7  per  day. 
$85  per  month. 
$5  p^r  day. 

G.  W.  Ewing 

Bartender 

O.  H.  Nelson 

Stonemason 

J.  0.  Powell 

Railway  clerk 

J.  Omlor         ... 

Miner 

T.  0,  Mahan 

Glass  blower 

All  the  above  men  were  discharged  by  purchase. 

Fourteenth  Cavalry,  Troop  H,  Presidio,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Within  the  past  year  1  corporal  has  been  discharged  by  purchase  and  1  corporal 
and  3  privates  were  discharged  by  reason  of  expiration  of  service.  None  of  these 
men  have  reenlisted,  owing  to  the  fact  that  they  have  good  positions  in  civil  life 
which  pay  from  $75  to  $100  per  month. 

The  following  is  a  citation  of  individual  instances  of  the  above-mentioned  men: 


Name. 


JohnB.  Ellis 

John  H.  Carlton. 
James  Cosgrove. 


Lawrence  B.  Savage. 
Harry  J.  Vogel 


Discharge  obtained  by- 


Purchase  

Expiration  of  service . 
do 


Position  accepted. 


Shipping  clerk... 

Molder 

Laborer  on  golf 
links. 

Railway  clerk 

Glass  worker 


Pay  per 
month. 


100 

75 


75 


68 


PAY    OF    OFFICEKS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    ARMY. 


From  personal  conversations  with  the  above-named  men  and  other  men  of  this 
troop  I  am  convinced  that  the  reason  men  do  not  reenlist  is  because  they  can  get 
positions  in  civil  life  that  pay  from  $75  to  $100  per  month.  Soldiers  are  required  to 
work  with  and  do  the  same  kind  of  work  as  civilians  drawing  from  $3  to  $5  per  day  on 
such  duty  as  repair  of  buildings,  painting,  plumbing,  and  tinning. 

In  the  month  of  December,  1907,  this  troop  will  discharge  16  men  by  reason  of 
expiration  of  service,  and  all  of  these  men  have  signified  their  intention  not  to  reenlist 
unless  they  receive  an  increase  of  pay. 

Eighth  Cavalry,  Troop  F,  Fort  Yellowstone,  Wyo. 


Name. 

Troop. 

Discharge  ob- 
tained by- 

Con- 
tin- 
uous 
serv- 
ice. 

Position  accepted. 

Pay  per 
month. 

Samuel  Cornfield 

John  F.  Fleming 

Charles  Emrick 

F 

F 

F 

Expiration  of 
service. 

do 

do 

Years. 
6 

6 
6 

Watchman,  New  York  City. . . . . 
Plumber 

$80 
90 

Fireman,  Great  Northern  R.  R., 
Havre,  Mont. 

$100  to  150 

These  are  the  only  specific  instances  I  can  call  to  mind  now,  but^  there  have  been 
several  men  discharged  here  within  the  past  four  months,  and  not  a  single  reenlist- 
ment  of  any  one  of  them  has  been  made.     This  in  itself  speaks  volumes. 

For  some  time  I  have  questioned  the  men  in  the  two  Eighth  Cavalry  troops  stationed 
here  why  they  would  not  reenlist,  and  in  every  case  they  said :  *  'Times  are  good  outside, 
and  we  can  do  better,"  etc.  This  was  particularly  noticeable  in  San  Francisco,  when 
Troops  F  and  G  were  there  after  landing  from  the  Philipj)ines.  Ordinary  laborers 
were  offered  $3  per  day,  and  men  who  understood  electricity,  plumbing,  carpenter 
work,  etc.,  tried,  in  several  instances,  to  purchase  discharges.  Several  were  dis- 
charged there,  and  in  not  one  instance  did  they  reenlist.  Since  1905  I  know  of  only 
two  reenlistments  in  Troops  F  and  G,  and  both  of  these  were  the  respective  troop 
first  sergeants. 

Second  Cavalry,  Troop  L,  Fort  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 
The  following  men  were  recently  discharged  from  Troop  L,  Second  Cavalry: 


Name. 

Troop. 

Discharge  ob- 
tained by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

George  De  Sass 

L 
L 

L 

L 

L 
L 

Purchase 

....do 

do 

Expiration  of 

service      (6 

years). 

do 

Expiration  of 

service      (3 

years). 

Newspaper  work 

Bartender 

$60  per  month  and  expenses. 
$50  per   month,    board,   and 

lodging. 
$70  per  month. 

Do. 

Frank  P.  Chapman 

Alonzo  Marsh 

Motorman  street-car 

service. 
Conductor  street-car 

service. 

Miner 

Morgan 

$3.50  per  day. 

Blacksmith 

$3  per  day. 

■ 

Thirteenth  Cavalry,  Troop  M,  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans. 


Name. 

Discharge  ob- 
tained by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

Private  Jesse  Newcomer 

Expiration  of 
service, 
do 

St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco 

R.  R. 
Plumbing 

$75  to  $80  per  month. 

Private  Bert  Merideth 

$3.50  per  diem. 

Sergt.  Manford  M  Eastbom 

do 

Herding  cattle 

$50  per  month. 
$65  per  month. 

Sergt.  Leonard  Staten 

do 

Telegraph  operator 

C.naX  TTiinp.r 

Private  Edward  Morgan 

do 

$2.75  per  diem. 

1  "" 

PAY   OF   OFFICERS'  AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   ARMY. 


69 


The  following  enlisted  men  contemplate  leaving  the  service  in  order  to  accept 
better  paying  positions:  First  Sergt.  Wm.  F.  Hamby,  Troop  M,  Thirteenth  Cavalry, 
offered  position  with  St.  Paul  Electric  Railway  and  Kansas  City  Electric  Railway  at 
approximately  $75  per  month;  Sergt.  Edward  M.  Brainard,  Troop  M,  Thirteenth 
Cavalry,  applicant  for  spring,  1908,  civil-service  examination  for  stenographer  and 
typewriter,  Philippine  service,  salary  $1,400  per  annum. 

In  recent  years  there  have  been  but  few  reenlistments  in  this  organization,  the 
general  feeling  being  that  under  present  conditions  of  pay  greater  opportunities  are 
offered  in  civil  life. 

Thirteenth  Cavalry,  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans. 

TROOP  I. 


Name. 

Discharge  ob- 
tained by — 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

John  Biles 

Purchase 

do 

To  go  in  drug  business 

Not  known. 

Scott  W   Brown 

Shoe  clerk .   . .          . 

Do. 

do 

To  assist  father  in  store 

Do. 

TROOP  &. 


Sergt.  W.  K.  Paine. . . 
Private  E.  O.  Pickett. 
Private  J.  E.  Mabry. . 
CookW.  G.Scott 


Purchase 

do 

do.. 

Expiration  of 
service. 


Carpenter 

On  ranch 

Farmer 

Cook  in  restaurant 


$5  per  day. 
$3  per  day. 
Owns  land. 
$60  per  month. 


First  Cavalry,  Fort  Clark,  Tex. 


Name. 


Organization. 


Position, 


Pay. 


Ira  B.  Nelson  — 

John  Stimpfl 

Henry  C.  Taylor. 

Henry  Dickey... 


Charles  W.  Gilbert. 
Thomas  J.  Welch.. 


John  J.  McShea.. 
Charles  M.  Miller. 
Harold  E.  Smith. 
John  L.  Sullivan. 


Elmer  E.  Stevens. . . 

Lynn  B.  Rice 

Gottfried  Buetschle. 
William  Chricton. . . 

Edward  Kinzel 

Charles  M.  Malone. . 

Dennis  Pierce 

John  Dahlin .... 


Alfred  J.  Phillips. 


Erland  Carlson. . 
Robert  Toomey. . 
William  Hertin.. 
Thomas  E.  Noyes 


FredC.  Miller , 

William  E verhart. . 
Christopher  C.  Carr. 


Joseph  Dahlman 

Joseph  A.  French. . 
Robert  R.  McBride. 


Troop  A. 
Troop  C. 
....do.. 


Troop  D. 
do... 


Locomotive  engineer,  Denison,  Tex. 

Carpenter,  San  Antonio,  Tex 

Foreman  and  salesman,  New  York 
Horse  Market. 

Foreman,  grading  contract,  Cali- 
fornia 

Brakeman,  St.  Louis  Terminal  Co. 

Fireman,  Southern  Pacific  Rwy . . . 

do Pennsylvania  State  Constabulary . 

do do. 

do do. 

Troop  K Fireman,  Southern  Pacific  Rwy. . . 

Troop  L San  Antonio  street  railroad 

do do. 

do I do. 

Troop  M j do 

do Powder  Works,  Periole,  Cal 

do Winton  Auto  Co.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Signal  Corps I  Telegraph  operator,  Flatonia,  Tex. 

Noncommissioned     San  Antonio,  Tex.,  street  railroad. 

staff. 
Band Fireman,  Southern  Pacific  Rwy. 


do Machinist,  Kewanee,  111 

do Foreman, paper  mills  near  York,  Pa . 

do San  Antonio,  Tex. ,  street  railroad . 

Troop  A Pennsylvania  State  Constabulary  . . 


.do. 
.do. 
.do. 


.do. 
.do. 


-do. 
.do. 
.do. 


Farrier,  Manlius,  N.  Y.,  St.  Johns 

School. 

Machinist,  Cleveland,  Ohio 

Stationary  Engineer,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Telegraph  operator,  Pennsylvania 

R.R. 


$175  per  month. 

$3  per  day. 

$75  per  month  and 

commission. 
$85  per  month. 

$100  per  month. 
$100  and  over  per 

month. 
$60  and  allowances. 

Do. 

Do. 
$100    per   month; 
last  month  $128. 
$60  per  month. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
$5  per  day. 
$65  per  month. 
$100  per  month. 
$60  per  month. 

$100  to  $130  per 
month  (Sept. 
$137). 

$85  per  month. 

$100  per  month. 

$60  per  month. 

$65     to     $75     per 
month   and    al- 
lowances. 
Do. 
Do. 

$125  per  month. 

$4  per  day. 
$6  per  day. 
$125  per  month. 


All  of  the  above-named  men  were  discharged  during  the  past  year. 
Men  discharged  here  with  character  "excellent"  have  positions  offered  as  motormen 
and  conductors  on  street  railroads  at  from  $60  to  $75,  as  firemen  on  railroads  at  from 


70 


PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 


$80  to  $140,  as  brakemen  at  from  $70  to  $100,  as  guard  at  United  States  penitentiary 
at  $75,  etc. 

Mechanics  can  go  to  work  immediately  in  this  vicinity;  carpenters  get  $3  to  $3.50 
per  day;  machinists  $3.50  to  $5;  stationary  engineers  $6,  and  locomotive  engineers 
$140  to  $175  per  month. 

Men  now  at  this  post  have  offered  them  positions  at  San  Antonio  Iron  Foundry 
at  $3.50  per  day;  musicians  to  work  in  the  mines,  drivers,  etc. ,  at  $5  per  day,  to  double 
on  brass  instruments,  at  Bisbee,  Ariz. ;  to  go  on  construction  work  in  California,  United 
States  Reclamation  Service,  as  rodmen,  etc.,  at  $60  to  start. 

It  is  self-evident  that  men  who  have  passed  the  physical  examination  for  enlistment, 
who  have  been  under  careful  observation  for  at  least  three  years,  are  amenable  to  dis- 
cipline and  are  morally  and  physically  above  the  average,  as  shown  on  remarks  on 
discharges,  are  given  preference  over  others  by  corporations.  This  fact  was  empha- 
sized some  time  ago  when  complaint  was  made  by  certain  railroads  that  discharge 
certificates  were  altered  to  show  excellent  character  to  obtain  positions. 

There  is  abundant  information  in  regard  to  men  who  have  after  discharge  obtained 
good  positions  in  civil  life,  but  beyond  the  few  here  given,  exact  figures  can  not  be 
obtained  without  considerable  correspondence. 

FIELD  ARTILUERY. 

Fourth  Field  Artillery,  Vancouver  Barracks ,  Wash. 

Owing  to  discharges  and  failure  of  reenlistments  or  assignment  of  recruits.  Battery 
A,  Fourth  Field  Artillery,  is  so  reduced  in  strength  that  it  could  to-day  take  into 
the  field  properly  manned  only  one  gun  and  the  ammunition  therefor,  leaving  behind 
only  the  necessary  number  of  men  to  care  for  unused  animals.  Battery  B  could 
take  only  two  guns  and  their  ammunition. 

Corpl.  George  C.  Chute,  Battery  B,  Fourth  Field  Artillery,  excellent  character, 
winner  of  a  medal  in  pistol  competition,  was  discharged  about  August  30.  Although 
he  was  expected  to  reenlist,  he  is  now  a  patrolman  on  the  Portland,  Oreg.,  police 
force  at  $100  per  month.     He  was  receiving  $17  and  allowances. 

Out  of  the  same  battery  Corpl.  Thomas  H.  Cunniff,  first-class  gunner,  discharged 
September  5,  pay  $19,  has  permanent  position  at  good  wages  in  Portland.  Private 
Abel  Ball  has  applied  for  discharge  by  purchase  to  accept  guaranteed  position  at 
$2.75  per  day.  Sergts.  Charles  W.  Henricks  and  Walter  J.  Strecker,  both  first-class 
gunners,  pay  $21,  are  applicants  for  position  as  patrolmen  in  Portland,  with  excellent 
indorsements  at  their  discharge;  the  position  pays  $100  per  month;  both  like  the 
service.  Stable  Sergt.  William  H.  Hickman  and  Sergt.  Bert  D.  Haskins,  both 
first-class  gunners,  pay  $22  and  $21,  are  applicants  for  position  as  packers  upon  dis- 
charge at  $40  and  a  ration;  both  men  like  the  service. 

Third  and  Sixth  Regiments,  Fort  Riley,  Kans. 

Within  the  past  three  months,  July  1  to  September  30,  the  batteries  of  the  Sixth 
Regiment  Field  Artillery  have  lost  by  expiration  of  service  121  enlisted  men,  of 
whom  but  13  reenlisted.  In  almost  every  case  these  men  stated  that  their  reason  for 
not  reenlisting  was  that  they  could  do  better  in  civil  life,  even  if  obliged  to  work  as 
laborers. 

The  following  instances,  known  to  the  noncommissioned  staff,  Sixth  Field  Artillery, 
of  men  who  have  left  the  service  for  the  purpose  of  bettering  themselves  are  examples 
which  influence  other  men,  to  a  great  extent,  to  do  likewise: 

THIRD  FIELD  ARTILLERY. 


Name. 

Ranlc. 

Organiza- 
tion. 

Discharge 
obtained  by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

C.  M.  Sabins 

John  Green 

Sergeant 

.do 

Battery  D.. 
do 

Purchase  . . . 

Expiration 
of  service. 

Purchase . . . 

do 

Police  force,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

First  Battery,  Na- 
tional Guard,  New 
York  City. 

Pennsylvania    Con- 
stabulary. 

Park  police,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

Police  force,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

Pennsylvania    Con- 
stabulary. 
do 

$90  per  month. 
$80  per  month. 

Charles  Kunz 

Ppt.pr  FppTiPv 

do 

do  .   .  . 

do 

Battery  E . . 

$60  per  month. 
$70  per  month. 

Archie  Auran 

John  Meyers 

J.  A.  Mattola 

Private 

Sersreant 

Battery  D.. 
do 

Expiration 
of  service, 
.do 

$90  per  month. 
$60  per  month. 

....do 

do 

do 

Do. 

ill 


It 

•    EL- 


PAY    OF    OFFICERS   AND    ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    ARMY. 


71 


SIXTH  FIELD  ARTILLERY. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Organiza- 
tion. 

Discharge 
obtained  by- 

Position  a/wiepted. 

Pay. 

J.  K.  Alexander 

R.  W.  Abrahamson 
J.  D   Nichols. 

Sergeant  . . . 

do 

Private. 

Battery  A.. 

do 

do..   . 

Expiration 
oi  service. 

do 

do 

do 

Clerk,    dry  goods 
store. 

Brass  molder 

Painter 

$75  per  month. 

$85  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 
$85  per  month. 
$5  per  day. 
$125  per  month. 
$65  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 

L.W.Wilson 

J.  A.  Burgees 

John  Champeno 

Frank  Alberts 

Van  A.  Rape 

Sidney  Childress... 

do 

do 

Barber 

Sergeant 

Private 

Musician. 

Battery  E 

do 

Bricklayer 

do 

do 

do 

..do 

Stamper  in  steel  mill. 
Conductor,  street  car 
Barber 

do 

do 

Private. 

.do 

.do 

Laborer  in  steel  mill. 
Railroad  brakeman.. 
PuUman  conductor. . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

$100  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 

Do. 

S.J.  Bmgham 

W.  V.  Belding 

R.  E.  Everett 

Charles  Prast 

First      ser- 
geant. 

Battery  F.. 
.  ..do 

Purchase 

Expiration 
01  service. 

do 

.do 

Cook 

Private 

do 

do. 

Bridge  worker 

Livery  stable 

$85  per  month. 

$40    per    month 

and  board. 

Noncommissioned  officers  who  do  not  reenlisf  and  those  who  resign  frequently  state 
as  their  reason  that  their  rank  brings  with  it  but  additional  labor  and  responsibility 
without  any  corresponding  increase  in  pay,  a  condition  that  does  not  exist  outside  the 
Army. 

Private  soldiers  on  extra,  and  in  many  cases  special,  duty  in  the  different  depart- 
ments and  headquarters  are  engaged  on  duties  such  as  laborer,  teamster,  fireman, 
plumber,  painter,  carpenter,  assistant  to  electricians  and  engineers,  clerks,  stenograph- 
ers, etc.,  and  work  with  civilians  employed  by  the  Government  for  this  work  at  wages 
ranging  from  $2  to  $4  per  day,  which  is  from  two  to  four  times  the  amount  paid  soldiers, 
even  if  on  extra  duty,  a  difference  which  the  soldier's  allowances  in  no  way  make 
up  for. 

Those  who  do  reenlist  in  the  majority  of  cases  state  that  it  is  the  time  already  served 
alone  which  induces  them  to  remain  in  the  service  under  the  present  conditions  of  pay 
and  the  opportunities  now  offered  in  civil  life. 


Third  Regiment,  Battery  A,  Fort  Riley,  Kans. 

Within  the  last  four  months  there  have  been  27  men  discharged, 
number  there  are  5  that  I  know  of  that  occupy  the  following  positions: 


Out  of  this 


Name. 

Discharge  obtained 

Position  accepted. 

Pay  per 
month. 

Expiration  of  service, 
do 

Printer,  Quebec,  Canada 

$60 

William  P.  Greenwood. 

Tanner,  South  Hill,  Mass 

75 

Rudolph  A.  Campbell 

do 

Molder,  Pittsburg,  Pa 

80 

James  II.  Clark  . . 

do 

Blacksmith,  Kansas  City,  Mo 

85 

Edward  A.  Herz 

do 

Laborer,    coal    and    wood    yard,  St. 
Joseph,  Mo, 

70 

Men  are  detailed  on  extra  and  special  duty  and  working  alongside  of  men  and  doing 
'the  same  work  as  those  that  are  drawing  from  $45  to  $75  per  month. 


Sixth  Regiment,  Battery  B,  Fort  Riley,  Kans. 


Name. 

Where  now  employed. 

How  employed. 

Wages. 

Pay 
whilP!  in 
Army. 

Walter  B.  Davis 

Edward  Haese 

Rochester,  N.  Y 

Pennsylvania 

Nevada 

Guard  in  penitentiary, 
State  Constabulary 

$60  per  month 

...  .do.        .  . 

$17 
16 

Robert  Johnson 

Miner 

$4  per  day 

$3.75  per  day 

$100  per  month... 

16 

David  Buffington 

Montana 

do 

16 

James  B.  Murphy 

Maryland 

Coal  miner 

14 

72 


PAY    OF    OFFICERS    AND    ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    ARMY. 


Third  Regiment,  Battery  D,  Fort  Riley,  Kans. 

From  May  6  to  September  20  there  have  been  59  men  discharged  from  Battery  D. 
Of  that  number  4  have  reenlisted  in  the  battery,  and  from  all  information  which  can  be 
gained,  6  of  the  remaining  number  have  returned  to  the  service  outside  of  Fort  Riley. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Discharge  ob- 
tained by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

George  K.  Banzhof 

James  F.  Hawkins 

Private... 
do.... 

Purchase 

do 

Plumber,  Kansas  City,  Mo 

Baker,  Chltua,  Ind.  T. 

$5  per  day. 

$3  per  day. 

Do. 

James  J.  Wilson 

Musician. . 

..  ..do 

Florist,  Chattanooga,  Tenn 

Street-car   conductor,   Kansas 

City,  Mo. 
Baggage  master,   Kansas  City, 

Clerk,  general  store,  Stamford, 

Tex.  ^ 
Machinist's  helper,  Arkansas 

City,  Ark. 

George  Hembree 

Joseph  L.Hunt 

William  A.  Cierley 

Homer  0.  Friend 

Sergeant. . 

do...: 

Corporal. . 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 

do 

$60  per  month. 
Do. 
Do. 

Sergeant. . 

do 

$2.75  per  day. 

All  of  these  men  were  discharged  with  character  ' '  excellent ' '  and  would  not  have 

r't  the  service  had  the  pay  been  of  a  sufficient  amount  to  compare  in  any  way  to 
t  which  they  receive  in  civil  life. 

Soldiers  are  required  to  work  with  and  do  the  same  kind  of  work  as  civilians  who 
receive  from  $40  to  $75  per  month  in  such  work  as  clerk,  painter,  carpenter,  team-; 
ster,  printer,  electrician,  lineman,  plumber,  etc. 

'    Third  Regiment,  Battery  E,  Fort  Riley,  Kans. 

Within  the  last  eighteen  months  quite  a  number  of  men  have  been  discharged  from 
this  post,  either  by  purchase  or  by  expiration  of  term  of  enlistment,  and  in  nearly  all 
cases  they  have  expressed  their  desire  not  to  reenlist  on  account  of  insufficient  pay, 
their  reason  being  that  the  pay  that  they  could  command  in  civil  life  would  be  far 
better  than  that  of  the  Army,  and  the  following  citation  will  show  that  their  reasons 
were  correct: 


Name. 

Rank. 

Bat- 
tery. 

""tSeTby-"      Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

T.  A.  Sigler 

J.  A.  Burgess 

W.  W.  WUdman... 

First  sergeant 

Sergeant 

E. 

E. 

E. 
E. 
E. 
E. 
E. 
E. 

Purchase Farmer  at  Foggarty 

Mills. 

Expiration  of  ,  Brick  mason 

service.          i 
do Car  shops 

$70  per  month. 

$5  per  day. 

$3  per  day. 
$85  per  month. 
$65  per  month. 
$55  per  month. 
$90  per  month. 
$60  per  month. 

do 

Musician 

J.  T.  Cox 

Purchase Wholesale  house 

do                Teamster 

J.  T.  Gibbons 

Private 

E.  Sheppard 

do 

B.  Tebo. 

Corporal. . 

do                Machinist 

E.  Chiles 

Private 

do 1  Operator 

Men  discharged  at  this  post  have  often  remarked  that  they  would  not  reenlist  for 
the  simple  reason  that  they  could  do  better  in  civil  life,  even  though  they  use  a  pick 
and  shovel. 

Men  that  have  worked  with  skilled  mechanics  in  the  post,  such  as  carpenters, 
painters,  plumbers,  and  blacksmiths,  or  detailed  on  work  such  as  helpers,  are  often 
more  skilled  at  the  same  labor,  and  I  am  sure  that  it  is  not  very  gratifying  when  they 
look  at  the  difference  in  the  pay;  at  the  same  time  they  are  compelled  to  do  the 
same  amount  of  work  or  lose  their  extra-duty  position. 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   ARMY. 

Fifth  Regiment,  Battery  A,  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans. 


73 


Name. 

Discharge  ob- 
tained bj'-— 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

First  Sergt.  J.  Boucher 

Expiration  of 

service. 
Purchase 

Street-car  conductor 

$80  per  month. 

Corpl.  M.  Kenney 

.do. 

Do. 

Private  Earl  Bavier 

do 

Landscape  gardener 

$75  per  month. 
$60  i)er  month. 

$70  per  month. 
$100  per  month. 
$80  per  month. 
$125  per  month. 
$4  per  day. 
$70  per  month. 

Private  I.  Bercovic 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 

Clerk 

Private  Wm.  Pelton 

..  ..do 

Private  John  Kiernan 

do 

Ticket  agent 

Sergt.  G.  Field 

do 

Street-car  conductor 

Sergt  B  Hagberg 

do 

Riding  master 

Sergt.  A.  Hershey 

do 

do 

Plumber 

Private  D.  Ayres 

Clerk 

First  Regiment,  Battery  E,  Presidio,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
The  following  men  discharged  from  Battery  E  within  the  past  seven  months: 


Name. 

Discharge  obtained 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

Harry  A.  Weber 

Thomas  L.  Rodgers 

Purchase 

Barber,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Engineer,  Elmo,  Wash 

$100  per  month. 
$60    per    month 

and  found. 
$3.50  per  day. 
$100  per  month. 
$3.50  per  day. 
$4  per  day. 

$3.50  per  day. 

.do 

Willie  J.  Kelly 

Herman  A.  Pommer. . . 
Charles  Evans 

do 

Expiration  of  service. . . 
..  ..do 

Teamster,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Bartender,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Engineer,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Cigarette  maker,  San  Francisco, 

Cal. 
Street-car  conductor,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. 

do 

Russell  E.  Harris 

do 

With  the  exception  of  the  first  two  men  mentioned,  they  are  men  without  special 
training  in  the  positions  which  they  now  hold. 

First  Regiment,  Battery  F,  Presidio,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
The  men  discharged  from  Battery  F  within  last  year  were: 


Name. 

Discharge  obtained  by- 

Present  employment. 

Salary 

per 
month. 

Edw.  Sharp 

Expiration  of  service 

do 

In  charge  of  livery  stable 

$80 

Frank  Veith 

In  livery  stable 

75 

John  Novak 

.do 

Street-car  conductor . 

75 

Saml.  Sewall 

do 

do 

60 

Frank  Roberts 

Purchase 

Teamster. 

85 

Frank  Elmore 

do 

do 

85 

E.  Hollenberry 

do 

Working  claim 

Otto  BarfE 

do 

do 

C.  C.  Williams 

Expiration  of  service 

do 

Acid  mixer,  Standard  Oil  Co 

100 

B.  Roberts 

Southern  Pacific  R.  R 

70 

A.  McElwee 

..do.. 

Quartermaster's  Department 

a  35 

P.D.  Smith 

do 

80 

A.Anderson 

do 

Clerk,  Southern  Pacific  R.  R     . 

100 

a  With  board. 


BLACKSMITHS  AND  FARRIERS. 

The  condition  of  the  Army  now,  concerning  enlistments,  and  especially  reenlistments, 
is  much  more  deplorable  than  at  any  period  in  the  thirty  years  that  I  have  had  the 
honor  to  serve  as  army  veterinarian.  Meritorious  soldiers  at  close  of  their  service 
frequently  come  to  me  for  letters  to  employers  in  the  city,  viz,  merchants,  contractors, 
builders,  street-car  companies,  etc.,  even  the  police  and  fire  departments,  and  always 


74 


PAY    OF    OFFICERS    AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    AEMY. 


succeed  in  getting  employment  at  from  $3  to  $10  per  day.  We  educate  horseshoers 
and  farriers  and  pay  them  but  $15  per  month;  then  when  enlistments  expire  the  city 
employers  are  glad  to  get  them  at  $5  per  day  of  eight  hours. 

One  recent  instance:  A  most  valuable  farrier  of  the  First  Battalion,  Field  Artillery, 
would  not  reenlist.  Rather  than  lose  his  services  altogether  I  requested  the  quar- 
termaster to  employ  him  and  put  him  as  attendant  in  the  veterinary  hospital  on  a 
salary  of  $40  per  month  and  a  ration  (teamster).  This  was  all  he  could  pay.  A  few 
months  since  a  veterinarian  in  the  city  gave  him  a  good  home  and  $100  per  month 
for  his  services;  so  of  course  I  could  not  hold  him,  nor  any  other  good  man,  under 
existing  circumstances. 

Then  this  "  penny- wise-and-pound-foolish"  system  can  not  be  better  illustrated 
than  by  the  hundreds  of  public  animals  condemned  annually  for  chronic  lameness, 
due  to  the  fact  that  we  can  not  retain  the  services  of  competent  horseshoers  under 
existing  conditions. 

R.  B.  Corcoran, 
Veterinarian,  Field  Artillery. 


[Advertisement  from  Army  and  Navy  Journal.] 

Wanted  from  the  Field  Artillery,  to  purchase  discharge  and  enlist  in  this  command, 
one  first-class  horseshoer,  character  excellent,  recommendation  from  battery  com- 
mander as  to  abilities  and  soldierly  qualifications.  Salary,  $21  a  week.  Address, 
Commanding  Officer  First  Battery  Field  Artillery,  National  Guard,  New  York,  56 
West  Sixty-sixth  street,  New  York  City. 


Marianao,  Cuba,  September  9,  1907. 
Battery  and  troop  blacksmiths  receive  $15  a  month  for  shoeing  from  60  to  80  horses 
monthly  and  doing  other  ironwork  in  addition,  while  the  same  class  of  work  in  civil 
life  receives  from  $75  to  $100  monthly  compensation.  During  my  service  I  have 
instructed  scores  of  men  in  horseshoeing  and  the  care  of  the  horse's  foot.  These  men, 
as  well  as  the  men  turned  out  from  the  Fort  Riley  School,  seldom  reenlist,  but  on  the 
day  of  their  discharge  the  majority  of  them  walk  into  jobs,  either  in  the  Quarter- 
master's Department  or  in  civil  life,  at  good  wages,  never  less  than  $75  a  month  in  the 
Quartermaster's  Department. 

Horseshoeing  is  one  of  the  most  fatiguing  works  a  man  can  engage  in.  It  demands 
skill  and  application,  and  this  trade  as  practiced  in  the  Army  has  long  been  neglected 
from  a  remunerative  standpoint.     "No  foot,  no  horse;  no  blacksmith,  no  foot." 

Gerald  E.  Griffin, 
Veterinarian,  Third  Field  Artillery, 
Supervising  Veterinarian,  Quartermastef  s  Department. 


INFANTRY. 

Third  Infantry,  Company  M,  Fort  Wright,  Wash. 

Since  January  1,  1907,  34  men  have  been  discharged  from  Company  M,  Third 
Infantry;  6  have  reenlisted,  and  of  that  number  3  have  reenlisted  in  the  Infantry 
branch  of  the  service. 

The  following  table  shows  the  pay  certain  men  of  the  company  received  as  enlisted 
men  and  what  they  now  receive  as  private  citizens: 


Former  rank. 

Former 
pay  per 
month. 

Present  pay. 

Present  occupation. 

Private 

$16 
16 
14 
15 
18 
16 
14 

$100  per  month 

Bushelman  in  tailor  shop. 

Do 

$18  per  week  . 

Waiter  in  restaurant. 

Do 

$2.75  per  day  of  8  hours 

Teamster. 

Do 

$3  per  day  of  8  hours 

Concrete  worker. 

Do 

Laborer  in  sawmill. 

Artificer 

$70  per  month                              .... 

Check  clerk,  freight  depot. 

Private.,  i 

$18  per  week 

Cook  in  restaurant. 

PAY    OF    OFFICERS   AND    ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    ARMY. 


75 


Fourth  Infantry. 

Fort  Mackenzie,  Wyo.,  October  1,  1907. 

On  arrival  of  the  First  Battalion,  Fourth  Infantry,  at  Fort  Mackenzie,  Wyo.,  in 
October,  1906,  the  post  was  still  in  process  of  construction.  The  contractor  employed 
from  50  to  100  men  daily.  Some  of  these  men  were  unskilled  laborers  engaged,  in 
digging  ditches,  grading,  etc.     The  lowest  wage  for  unskilled  labor  was  $2.50  per  day. 

The  skilled  laborers,  carpenters,  masons,  and  painters  received  from  $4  to  $5.50 
per  day. 

Sergt.  Robert  Bieler,  Company  D,  Fourth  Infantry,  and  several  others  who  received 
furloughs  were  employed  by  the  contractor  at  good  wages.  On  return  to  duty  Ser- 
geant Bieler  put  in  his  application  for  discharge  by  purchase.  The  contractor  who 
was  building  the  post  told  me  he  would  guarantee  to  Sergeant  Bieler  steady  employ- 
ment for  one  year  at  $4  per  day  if  he  could  secure  his  discharge. 

The  great  discrepancy  between  the  pay  in  civil  life  in  this  vicinity  and  the  pay  of 
enlisted  men  has  unquestionably  operated  to  increase  discontent  among  enlisted  men. 
I  quote  the  case  of  Sergeant  Bieler  only,  but  there  were  numerous  others  like  it. 

The  inclosed  list  will  show  in  post  the  number  of  men  who  have  been  discharged. 
A  still  larger  number  deserted.  We  can  not  hope  to  have  men  remain  satisfied  in 
the  ranks  with  such  general  opportunity  of  bettering  their  condition  in  civil  life. 

Since  February  1,  1899,  I  have  traveled,  in  pursuance  of  orders  involving  a  perma- 
nent change  of  station,  47,754  miles. 

In  accompanying  me,  my  family,  consisting  of  my  wife  and  two  daughters,  have 
traveled  26,458  miles,  of  which  9,682  miles  were  by  rail. 

Since  February  1,  1899,  I  have  served  three  years  and  five  months  at  home  stations 
and  five  years  and  three  months  on  foreign  service. 

My  battalion  is  under  orders  for  a  third  tour  of  Philippine  service,  to  sail  March  5, 
1908,  involving  a  further  travel  of  1,566  miles  by  rail  and  8,398  miles  by  water. 

This  battalion  returned  from  the  Philippine  Islands  in  July,  1905,  and  is  now 
occupying  its  third  station  since  arrival,  viz:  Alcatraz  Island,  Cal.,  from  July,  1905, 
to  February,  1906;  Fort  Slocum,  N.  Y.,  February,  1906,  to  October,  1906;  Fort  Macken- 
zie, Wyo.,  since  October,  1906. 

These  changes  of  station  involved  5,373  miles  by  rail,  and  the  expense  to  officers 
with  families  is  simply  ruinous. 

When  the  battalion  reaches  San  Francisco  on  its  next  trip  to  the  Philippines  it  will 
have  had  two  years  and  seven  months  at  home  stations,  and  officers  will  have  paid 
during  that  time  for  transportation  of  their  families  over  6,939  miles. 

D.  C.  Shanks, 
Major,  Fourth  Infantry,  Commanding  First  Battalion,  Fourth  Infantry. 

Fourth  Infantry,  Companies  A,  B,  C,  and  D. 

List  showing  enlisted  men  of  this  command  who  have  left  the  service  during  the 
past  year,  giving  positions  secured  in  civil  life  with  rate  of  pay: 


Name. 

Com- 
pany. 

Discharge 
obtained  by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

John  L.  McNemey 

AdolphH.  Sefried 

A 

A 
A 
A 
A 

A 

A 
B 
C 

C 
C 
C 

C 

c 

D 
D 

Purchase 

do 

do 

do 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 

do 

Purchase 

Expiration  of 
service. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Purchase 

do 

Owns  land  on  Shoshoni  Reserva- 
tion. 
Bartender,  Sheridan,  Wyo 

$60  per  month. 
$4.50  per  day. 
$80  per  month. 
$90  per  month. 

$50    per    month 

and  board. 
$65  per  month. 
$100  per  month. 
$70  per  month. 

$20  per  week. 
$75  per  month. 
$3  per  day. 

$60  per  month. 

$80  per  month. 
$90  per  month. 

Joseph  Creighton 

Charles  C.  Games 

Nicholas  Mulhall 

Clerk  for  Adams  Express  Co 

Chicago,   BurUngton  and   Quincy 

Plasterer ...". 

George  McGovem 

On  cattle  ranch 

Philip  Lang. , 

Assistant  manager,  restaurant 

Clerk  in  wholesale  store,  Alton,  111.. 

Bartender,  Columbus,  Ohio 

Brakeman  on  Pennsylvania  R.  R . . 
Journeyman     painter,     Sheridan, 

Wyo.-" 
Restaurant  keeper,  Miles  Station, 

Tex. 
Conductor  on  street  car,  Shawnee, 

Okla. 
Butter  maker,  Gloversville,  N.  Y... 
Furniture  finisher,  Globe- Wemecke 

Works,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Dock  Evans 

Thomas  J.  Farley 

Axel  Olsson 

Robert  A.  Chiidres 

William  W.  Engle 

Frank  Virt 

Robert  Bieler 

76  PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   AKMY. 

Fourth  Infantry,  Companies  A,  B,  C,  and  D — Continued. 


Name. 

Com- 
pany. 

Discharge 
obtained  by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

John  E.  Lee 

D 

D 
D 

D 

D 
D 
D 
D 
D 

Purchase  

do 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Fireman  on  Chicago,  Burlington 
and  Quincy  R.  R.,  Sheridan,  Wyo. 

Coachman,  New  York,  N.  Y 

Cook,  Tampa  Bay  Hotel,  Tampa, 
FJa. 

Wareroom  man,  Washburn-Cros- 
by, Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Clerk,  Gillette,  Wyo 

$110  per  month. 

${)0  per  month. 
$90  per  month. 

$75  i)er  month. 

$90  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 
$85  per  month. 
$80  per  month. 
$115  per  month. 

Henry  McCauley 

D.  L.  Furr 

E.E.Austin 

CarlHayne 

JohnJ.ReiUey 

E.  Mumford 

Woolen  weaver,  Yonkers,  N.  Y 

Electrician,  Niagara  FaUs,  N.  Y. . . . 
Private  watchman,  Newark,  N.  J. . 
Miner,  Butte,  Mont 

P.  Kane 

William  Brew 

First  Sergt.  William  B.  Cady,  Company  C,  Fourth  Infantry,  was  also  discharged 
by  purchase.  Corpl.  Benigno  Rodriguez,  Company  B,  Fourth  Infantry,  and  Private 
Joseph  R.  Harris,  Company  D,  Fourth  Infantry,  have  within  the  past  six  months 
taken  the  civil-service  examination  as  railway  mail  clerks. 

Seventh  Infantry,  Company  B,  Fort  Wayne,  Detroit,  Mich. 

The  following  instances  of  enlisted  men  leaving  the  service  for  better  advantages  and 
higher  pay  of  civil  life  have  occurred  in  this  company  during  the  year  ended  October 
8,  1907: 


Name. 

Discharge  ob- 
tained by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay. 

Joseph  T.  Nelson 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 

do 

Lumber  scaler,  Tacoma,  Wash 

$90  per  month. 
$3.50  per  day. 
Do. 

Edward. A.  Bartlett... 
Bemt  Kristianson 

Skilled  laborer,  Solvay  Process  Co.,  De- 
troit, Mich. 

Foreman,  laboring  gang,  Solvay  Co.,  De- 
troit, Mich. 

Grover  C.  Allred 

do 

$90  per  month. 
$3.50  per  day. 

$4.50  per  day. 

Daniel  J.  Desmond 

George  Tetlow 

do 

Purchase 

Mechanic,  Burroughs  Adding  Machine  Co., 

Detroit,  Mich. 
Plumber,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Nelson,  Bartlett,  Kristianson,  and  Desmond  were  serving  in  sixth  year  when  dis- 
charged. There  other  men  left  the  service  for  positions  as  miner,  overseer,  and  railroad 
brakeman;  salary  unknown. 

In  the  month  of  May,  this  year,  Companies  A,  D,  and  B,  Seventh  Infantry,  con- 
solidated for  weekly  practice  march  with  a  total  of  14  privates  and  about  the  same 
number  of  noncommissioned  officers. 

Practice  marches  at  this  post  are  for  a  considerable  distance  through  the  streets  of 
Detroit,  and  the  jibes  of  children  and  unthinking  adults  are  very  objectionable  to 
the  soldiers. 

Twelfth  Infantry,  Companies  I,  K,  and  M,  Fort  Niagara,  N.  Y. 

COMPANY  I. 

Since  the  company's  return  from  the  Philippine  Islands,  May  16,  1906,  1  sergeant 
and  2  privates  have  been  discharged  by  purchase,  while  2  sergeants,  1  corporal,  and 
24  privates  have  been  discharged  per  expiration  of  term  of  service,  making  a  total  of 
30  men.     None  have  reenlisted. 

These  men  have  secured  employment  in  civil  life,  where  they  can  command  better 
salaries,  and  doing  practically  the  same  class  of  work  as  when  enlisted  in  the  Army. 
All  these  men  are  earning  from  |50  to  $100  per  month. 


1 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OP   THE   ARMY. 


77 


Enlisted  strength  of  company  October  1,  1907,  35  men.     The  following  is  a  citation 
of  individual  instances  of  some  of  the  men  discharged: 


Name. 

Rank. 

Discharge  obtained  by- 

Situation. 

Manly  Oaks 

Private 

Expiration  of  service 

do 

TJlfline  Pipcott, 

.do 

Guard,    Jamestown    Exposi- 

Lantus G.  Hughett 

.do 

do      .                

tion. 

Edgar  F.  Wasson 

Jesse  I.  Day 

Richardson  Daniel 

Private 

Expiration  of  service 

do 

do      

do 

.do 

Tailor. 

Michael  A.  May 

do 

.  .do 

Street-car  conductor. 

Edward  McGuire 

do  

do                    

William  Maher 

do 

.do 

William  Flatt  . 

do     

do      .            

Working  in  furniture  store. 
Stock  farmer. 

John  Stanfil 

do 

.do 

Augusta  E.  Phillips.... 

Corporal 

do      

do 

.do 

George  H.  Roberts 

nhnrlps  Rrpnn 

First  sergeant 

Private 

do      .           

Managing  farm. 
Working  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Teamster. 

Purchase 

Charles  Dubberstein 

Cook        

Expiration^f  service 

.do 

James  Reordon 

Private 

Purchase        .        

Machinist. 

Charles  D.  Forpahl.... 
Thomas  J  Connors  . 

do 

Expiration  of  service 

do     

Working  in  Lockport,  N.  Y. 

Prospector. 

School-teacher. 

Cook            

Private 

..  .do 

Fred  Hof  mann 

do               

do 

Working  in  butcher  shop. 

Philip  W.  Norris 

..     .do 

.  .do 

James  H  Harriott 

Sergeant            

do 

Ranching  in  Texas. 

.do 

Edwin  M.  Bernstein. . . 

Private 

do 

Clerk  in  clothing  store. 
Freight  agent  for  railway. 

August  S.  Zom 

.do 

.do 

Dorsey  H.  Black 

Wallace  Boyd 

Musician 

do 

Private. 

.do 

Motorman,  street  railway. 
Working  in  furniture  store. 

Oscar  R.  Coolidge 

do 

do 

At  this  date  I  have  16  privates  for  duty;  5  of  these  men  are  on  extra  and  special 
duty. 

COMPANY  K. 


Within  the  past  year  1  sergeant,  1  corporal,  and  2  privates  have  been  discharged  by 
purchase,  and  1  sergeant,  1  musician,  and  15  privates  by  expiration  term  of  service, 
all  leaving  the  service  for  the  purpose  of  bettering  themselves  in  civil  life.  I  am 
unable  to  state  their  positions  and  pay,  but  I  have  been  informed  by  my  noncom- 
missioned officers  that  they  have  heard  that  these  men  are  receiving  from  $50  to  $90 
per  month.  In  my  opinion  the  practice  marches  and  small  pay  have  been  the  chief 
causes  of  men  not  reenli sting. 

In  no  case  has  the  company  appeared  in  public  on  practice  marches  with  its  maxi- 
mum strength,  in  most  cases  about  half  and  at  times  as  low  as  18  men,  which  was  the 
number  that  participated  in  the  ceremony  of  the  unveiling  of  the  McKinley  monument 
at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  September  5,  1907. 

The  present  strength  of  the  company  is  31,  and  I  am  informed  by  my  first  sergeant 
that  several  of  these  men  are  contemplating  on  requesting  their  discharge  by  pur- 
chase, owing  to  the  small  pay  and  hard  duty  they  receive  from  the  Army. 


78 


PAY    OF    OFFICEKS    AND    ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    AKMY. 


COMPANY  M. 


The  following  enlisted  men  of  Company  M,  Twelfth  Infantry,  have  been  discharged 
within  the  last  sixteen  months  and  are  known  to  have  secured  the  positions  set  opposite 
their  respective  names: 


Name. 


Position. 


Pay. 


P.  A.  Turaska.... 

L.  E.  Caster 

Wm.  Booth 

C.  C.  Livesay 

M.  C.  Austin 

L.  S.  Terry 

P.  F.  Wilson 

C.  H.  Shinn 

G.  R.  Barker 

David  Plate 

D.  Y.  Fouts 


Brakeman,  Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  Southern 
R.  R. 

Machinist,  Wabash  Rwy 

Bartender,  Sandusky,  Ohio 

Clerk  in  insurance  office,  Chicago,  111 

Salesman,  Cincinnati,  Ohio . . .  .• 

Miner,  Cripple  Creek,  Colo 

Brakeman,  Pennsylvania  Rwy 

do 

Stationary  engineer,  Rochester,  N.  Y 

Cl€>rk,Castner  Electrolytic  Co.,  Niagara  Falls,  N.Y. 

Brakeman,  Louisville  and  Nashville  Rwy.,  Louis- 
ville, Ky. 


$70  to  $90  per  month. 

$3.50  per  day. 
$60  per  month. 
$80  per  month. 

Do. 
$3  to  $4  i)er  day. 
$70  to  $90  per  month. 

Do. 
$90  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 
$80  to  $100  per  month. 


Of  the  above,  3  purchased  their  discharge;  only  4  are  known  to  have  had  experi- 
ence in  the  work  which  they  are  now  doing,  showing  that  there  is  a  large  demand 
for  unskilled  men  of  excellent  character  at  wages  about  as  above. 

It  is  probable  that  there  are  many  other  men  who  have  been  discharged  from  the 
company  during  this  time  who  are  doing  as  well,  but  trace  of  them  has  been  lost  in 
the  company  and  it  is  not  known  what  their  occupations  are. 

In  the  last  sixteen  months  the  strength  of  this  company  has  dwindled  down  from 
its  authorized  number  of  65  to  22  men — not  more  than  8  of  those  who  have  gone  out 
are  known  to  have  reenlisted,  and  most  of  them  declared  their  intention  of  entering 
civil  life  on  account  of  its  superior  inducements. 

During  the  fall,  winter,  and  spring  of  1906-7  it  was  impossible  to  get  more  than  15 
to  20  men  out  for  drills  and  practice  marches,  and  en  route  to  and  at  the  encampment 
of  the  Fourth  Brigade,  National  Guard  of  New  York,  at  Farnham,  N.  Y.,  during  the 
month  of  August,  1907,  there  were  only  13  men  present  with  the  company.  It  was  a 
standing  joke  in  the  camp  of  the  National  Guard  that  "there  was  a  company  of  regu- 
lars over  there  made  up  of  two  first  sergeants  and  a  cook." 

At  a  street  parade  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  September  6,  1907,  in  connection  with  the  "Old 
Home  Week"  celebration,  the  company  was  composed  of  three  skeleton  squads,  10 
men  of  other  organizations  being  temporarily  assigned  to  render  this  formation  possible. 

During  the  fall  and  winter  of  1906  the  intervals  between  guard  tours  for  privates 
seldom  exceeded  four  days;  occasionally^  only  three  nights  off  guard  were  had  during 
this  time,  and  during  the  present  month  it  has  been  necessary  to  place  a  man  on  guard 
with  an  interval  of  but  two  nights. 

There  have  been  insufficient  men  (when  guard  details,  extra  and  special  duty  men, 
etc.,  have  been  subtracted)  to  properly  cultivate  the  company  garden,  police  the  bar- 
racks and  grounds  in  a  satisfactory  manner,  or  to  supply  kitchen  police  at  times. 

Fourteenth  Infantry,  Vancouver  Barracks,  Wash. 

Since  the  1st  of  January,  J907,  the  following-named  men  have  been  discharged  from 
the  Fourteenth  Infantry  and  taken  positions  at  rate  of  pay  set  opposite  their  names: 


Name. 


A.  F.  Johnson. 
J.  T.  Rector. . . 
G.  Schelander. 
E.  H.  Demony 
M.  W.  Shaw... 

S.  E.  Olsen 

W.  E.  Dobbs.. 

J.  Meyer 

A.  M.  Woods.. 
E.  H.  Tanner. 

J.  Nelson 

A.  Grogan 

W.  F.  Clopton. 
M.  Heath 


Com- 
pany. 


Discharge  obtained  by- 


Expiration  of  service. . 

do 

....do 

..-.do 

....do 

do 

do 

Purchase 

do 

General  court-martial . 

do 

Expiration  of  service. . 

do 

do 


Position. 


Railroad  telegrapher. . . 

Machinist  helper 

Timber  faller 

Express  driver 

Saw  setter 

Teamster 

Sawyer 

Express  driver 

Fireman 

Clerk 

Sawmill 

Teamster 

Street-car  conductor 

Fireman 


Pay. 


$100  per  month. 
$3.50  per  day. 
$4.50  per  day. 
$75  per  month. 
$3  per  day. 
$2.75  per  day. 
$3  per  day. 
$75  per  month. 
$3  per  day. 
$125  per  month. 
$3  per  day. 

Do. 

$80  per  month. 
$125  per  month. 


PAY    OF    OFFICERS   AND    ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    ARMY. 


79 


Fourteenth  Infantry,  Vancouver  Barracks,  Wash. — Continued. 


Names. 

Com- 
pany. 

Discharge  obtained  by- 

Position. 

Pay. 

F.  G.  Rucker 

D 
D 
F 
G 
G 
G 
G 
G 
H 

H 
I 

I 
L 
L 
L 
L 
K 
M 

M 
M 
M 

Expiration  of  service  

do 

$75  per  month. 
$80  per  month. 
$3  per  day. 
$75  per  month. 

D.  L.  McCabe 

Street-car  conductor. . . 

Laborer,  brickyard 

Bartender 

S.  L.  Walker 

Purchase 

C.  Van  Riper. .     .  . 

.do 

J.  H.  Puryear 

do 

N.  Steele 

.do 

Bridge  workman 

Do. 

J.  E.  McCain 

do 

$65  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 
$85   per    month 

and  board. 
$100  per  month. 
$110  per  montlj. 
$3.50  per  day. 
$4  per  day. 
$90  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 
$4.40  per  day. 
$2.50  per  day. 
$75  per  month. 

Do 

E.  Custer 

do 

Bridge  workman 

Cook 

L.  Kurtz 

do  .. 

D.  C.  Coleman 

Expiration  of  service 

Bridge  worker 

H.  Dressen 

L.  L.  Hughes 

do 

Lineman 

J.  W.  Ware 

Expiration  of  service 

Laborer,  shingle  mill. . . 

C.  Abbott 

F.  Hembree 

do 

Street-car  conductor 

S.  S.  Sampson 

Disability 

Wra.  Sullivan 

Purchase 

Teamster 

O.H.  Dederick 

J.  G.  Brann 

Expiration  of  service 

do 

Fire  department,  Port- 
land, Oreg. 
do 

J.  R.  Hopkins 

Clerk 

Do. 

L.Morrison 

do... 

Bartender 

$3  per  day. 

The  above  is  only  a  partial  list  of  men  discharged,  but  all  of  those  whose  present 
occupations  are  known. 

Twenty-first  Infantry,  Fort  Logan,  Colo. 

The  following-named  enlisted  men  of  Company  L,  Twenty-first  Infantry,  were  dis- 
charged by  purchase  and  expiration  of  service: 

Private  John  R.  Williams,  discharged  by  purchase  (par.  6,  Special  Orders,  No.  139, 
Headquarters  Department  Colorado,  December  17,  1906)  on  December  23,  1906,  to 
accept  position  with  Denver  and  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  Denver,  Colo.,  as  boilermaker's 
helper,  at  $2.25  per  day;  did  not  care  to  remain  in  the  service. 

Private  John  C.  Shaw,  discharged  by  purchase  (par.  5,  Special  Orders,  No.  141,  Head- 
quarters Department  Colorado,  December  19,  1906)  on  December  23,  1906,  to  accept 
employment  as  fireman,  Kansas  City,  Kans.,  at  $2.75  per  day  and  board;  did  not  care 
to  remain  in  the  service. 

Private  Earnest  E.  Sanders,  discharged  by  purchase  (par.  4,  Special  Orders,  No.  141, 
Headquarters  Department  Colorado,  December  19,  1906)  on  December  23,  1906,  to 
accept  position  as  barkeeper  at  $3  per  day,  Denver,  Colo.;  did  not  care  to  remain  in 
the  service. 

Private  Jasper  Shockley,  discharged  by  purchase  (par.  6,  Special  Orders,  No.  141, 
Headquarters  Department  Colorado,  December  19,  1906)  on  December  23,  1906; 
farmer,  Billings,  Mo.;  did  not  care  to  remain  in  service. 

Corpl.  Edward  L.  Honaker,  discharged  by  purchase  (par.  1,  Special  Orders,  No.  3, 
Headquarters  Department  Colorado,  January  9,  1907)  on  January  16,  1907,  to  accept 
position  as  laundry  man,  Littleton  Steam  Laundry,  Littleton,  Colo.,  at  $2  per  day; 
considers  this  more  profitable,  individually,  than  being  tied  up  in  the  service. 

Musician  Joseph  Windmeisser,  discharged  per  expiration  term  of  service  September 
5,  1907,  at  Dorchester,  Wis.,  accepted  position  with  father  as  harnessmaker  at  $2.50  per 
day;  going  to  remain  out  of  service. 

Corpl.  John  Gustafson,  discharged  per  expiration  term  of  service  September  15, 
1907,  to  follow  civil  pursuits;  does  not  think  he  will  come  into  service  again. 

Corporal  Robert  E.  Sheehan,  discharged  per  expiration  term  of  service  September 
15,  1907,  accepted  position  as  clerk,  in  hotel  office,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  at  $2.25  per  day. 

Artificer  Clayton  G.  Roby,  discharged  per  expiration  term  of  service  September  15, 
1907,  accepted  position  as  stovemolder,  Evansville,  Wis.,  at  $2.50  per  day;  does  very 
well  in  civil  life. 

Private  Albert  Bisig,  discharged  per  expiration  term  of  service  September  15, 1907, 
laborer  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  at  $1.75  per  day;  is  going  to  remain  out  of  the  service. 

Private  Howard  O.  Hall,  discharged  per  expiration  term  of  service  September  15, 
1907,  accepted  position  as  Pullman  conductor  with  the  Denver  and  Rio  Grande  Rail- 
road, Pullman  Company,  Denver,  Colo.;  can  do  much  better  in  civil  life. 

Private  Gordon  V.  Lake,  discharged  per  expiration  term  of  service  September  15, 
1907,  accepted  position  with  dry  goods  company,  Glen  FaUs,  W.  Va.,  at  $2  per  day. 


80  PAY   OF    OFFICERS    AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    ARMY. 

Private  Orton  Ryan,  discharged  per  expiration  term  of  service  September  15,  1907, 
accepted  position  as  machinist,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  at  |3  per  day;  will  try  to  remain  out 
of  the  service. 

Private  Phillip  Sommerschue,  discharged  per  expiration  term  of  service  September 
15,  1907,  accepted  position  as  blacksmith's  helper  at  $2  per  day;  will  try  to  remain  out 
of  the  service. 

Twenty-eighth  Infantry,  Matanzas,  Cuba. 

Com.  Sergt.  J.  J.  Deeming,  Twenty-eighth  Infantry,  was  discharged  June  28,  1907. 
He  had  proven  himself  to  be  an  excellent  clerk,  honest,  reliable,  and  intelligent,  and, 
in  short,  was  the  kind  of  man  we  have  been  accustomed  to  find  occupying  regimental 
and  post  noncommissioned  staff  positions.  I  did  my  best  to  induce  him  to  reenlist, 
but  he  believed  that  he  could  do  better  outside  the  Army  and  so  went  to  Chicago. 
1  had  a  letter  from  him  recently  in  which  he  informs  me  that  he  has  a  position  with 
the  -T.  E.  Stubbs  Contracting  Company  at  $100  per  month  with  a  promise  of  an 
increase  to  $125  per  month  on  January  1.  He  further  stated  that  his  work  was  very 
similar  to  that  he  had  been  doing  here,  but  that  he  had  much  less  money  and  prop- 
erty responsibility. 

The  quartermaster  at  this  station  has  a  retired  commissary-sergeant  as  a  clerk  in  his 
office  at  a  salary  of  $100  per  month  and  $3  per  day,  or  so  much  as  necessary,  for  his 
board.  Sitting  at  an  adjoining  desk  in  the  same  office  and  performing  similar  and 
rather  more  important  work  is  the  regimental  quartermaster-sergeant,  who  receives 
$46.80  (20  per  cent  for  foreign  service),  which,  with  rations,  clothing,  and  quarters 
commuted  at  the  established  rate,  would  give  him  $62.50  per  month. 

The  packers  with  the  pack  train  at  this  station  receive  $50  per  month,  a  ration,  and 
quarters,  while  the  sergeant  who  marches  the  detachment  to  pack  drill  receives  about 
$30  per  month  on  the  same  basis. 

The  teamsters,  some  of  them  natives,  receive  $40  per  month,  a  ration,  and  quarters, 
while  enlisted  men  on  special  duty  who  perform  exactly  the  same  duties  and,  in  addi- 
tion, attend  some  drills,  inspections,  etc.,  receive  not  to  exceed  $25  per  month. 

It  has  been  found  necessary  to  pay  even  common,  ignorant  natives  $1  per  day  and  a 
ration  for  the  commonest  kind  of  unskilled  labor,  which  is  more  than  any  private  in 
this  command  receives. 

Fourth  Infantry,  Fort  Thomas,  Ky. 

COMPANY  L. 

Several  men  of  this  company  have  also  asked  for  two  or  three  months'  furlough 
with  the  hidden  motive  of  seeking  employment  which  enabled  them  to  get  out  of 
debt.  The  first  sergeant  of  this  company  states  that  three  men  to  his  knowledge  have 
recently  paid  off  debts  in  this  manner. 

Too  much  can  not  be  said  of  the  discontent  caused  by  the  present  inequality  of  wages 
in  the  Army  as  compared  with  that  in  civil  life. 

The  day  of  easy-going,  ignorant  soldiery  has  passed.  What  the  Army  needs  is  brains 
in  a  strong,  active  body.  These  can  not  be  secured  when  civilians  can  outbid  us  in  the 
price  of  labor. 

Upon  inquiry  of  the  secretary  of  the  Builders  and  Trades  Exchange,  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  I  find  that  the  cost  of  labor  since  the  present  army  pay  scale  went  into  operation 
has  nearly  doubled.     The  cost  of  living  has  also  correspondingly  increased. 

The  following  wage  scale  of  trades  generally  taken  up  by  discharged  soldiers  was  com- 
piled by  Assistant  Secretary  Chas.  B.  Stevenson,  Builders  and  Trades  Exchange,  for 
the  district  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  is  submitted  for  comparison  with  the  army  scale 
of  pay. 

Figuring  upon  an  eight-hour  day,  the  following  classes  of  workmen  earn  per  hour  as 
follows:  Masons,  brick,  62^  to  69  cents;  masons,  stone,  54  cents;  structural  iron  setters, 
50  cents;  ornamental  iron  setters,  50  cents;  plasterers,  62^  cents;  lathers,  50  cents; 
hoisting  engineers,  50  cents;  tile  setters,  50  cents;  plumbers,  60  cents  to  $1.25;  steam 
fitters,  37^  cents;  gas  fitters,  37 J  cents;  carpenters,  50  cents;  stonecutters,  45  cents; 
marble  cutters  and  setters,  75  cents  to  $1.50;  painters,  37^  cents;  sheet-metal  workers, 
25  to  35  cents;  electricians,  40|  cents;  roofers,  37^  cents;  cement  finishers,  40  cents; 
marble  mosaic  workers,  50  cents;  and  laborers  and  hod  carriers,  37§  cents. 

The  following  wages  are  paid  to  ordinary  patrolmen  on  the  police  force  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio: 

First  year,  $900;  second  year,  $960;  third  year,  $1,020;  fourth  year,  $1,100.  ^ 

At  the  end  of  five  years'  service  a  policeman's  salary  compares  favorably  with  that 
of  a  second  lieutenant  of  the  Army. 


PAY   OF   OFFICEES   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   ARMY. 


81 


During  the  last  twenty-one  months  the  following  men  have  left  the  company: 

Discharged  by  purchase .- 8 

Discharged  1  y  expiration  of  service 9 

Discharged  l»y  favor 1 

Deserted 10 


Total 28 

Out  of  this  number,  as  far  as  is  known,  4  have  reenlisted. 

The  following  may  be  said  of  some  of  the  14  men  in  good  standing  who  have  not 
returned  to  the  service: 

Private  Joseph  Kahn,  four  years'  service,  certificate  of  merit,  excellent  character. 

Sergt.  Frank  Moyer,  eight  years'  service,  now  foreman  on  railroad  at  nearly 
double  the  pay  of  the  service. 

Corp.  Louis  Goulette,  three  years'  service,  excellent  character,  cigar  maker, 
Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Corp.  George  J.  Tilton,  excellent  character,  and  a  model  soldier,  conductor  on 
street  car,  Cin.unnati,  Ohio,  earning  20  cents  per  hour. 

Corp.  Michael  Kilgariff,  an  excellent  noncommissioned  officer,  with  nine  years' 
service,  now  employed  as  a  fireman,  Newport  and  Covington  pumping  station,  and 
earning  $65  per  month,  with  house  rent,  light,.and  fuel. 

Private  Christ  J.  Schuster,  eight  years'  service,  excellent  character,  good,  steady, 
faithful  soldier,  now  driver  on  beer  wagon,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  at  wages  of  $10  per  week, 
with  room  and  board. 

Private  Robert  Murdock,  very  good  character,  working  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Private  Nick  Rollinger,  five  years'  service,  character  good,  now  bottler  for  a  liquor 
establishment,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  wages  $12  per  week. 

Private  Walter  H.  Culver,  excellent  character,  now  teamster  in  quartermaster's 
department  at  this  post;  wages  $40  per  month  with  rations. 

Special  attention  is  invited  to  the  large  percentage  of  noncommissioned  officers  who 
have  accepted  ordinary  positions. 

It  is  believed  that  many  of  the  desertions  are  due  to  the  low  wage  scale  of  the  Army 
as  compared  to  that  of  civilians.  Soldiers  become  dissatisfied,  or  get  in  debt,  then 
desert. 

In  several  instances  soldiers  have,  after  desertion,  paid  debts  to  enlisted  men  of 
this  company.     This  goes  to  show  that  they  left  the  service  in  order  to  earn  more 

money. 

COMPANY  G. 

Herewith  is  an  accurate  list  of  the  men  formerly  of  this  company  who  have  pur- 
chased their  discharge  since  the  return  of  the  regiment  from  the  Philippines  in  July, 
1905,  with  number  of  years  of  service  and  years  of  foreign  service  counting  as  double 
time  toward  retirement  of  each,  also  the  positions  which  they  are  now  holding  and 
rate  of  pay. 

As  these  men  were  all  of  "excellent"  character,  several  of  whom  were  experienced 
noncommissioned  officers,  their  loss  was  a  detriment  to  the  company  and  to  the  service. 
The  fact  that  several  of  them  having  a  number  of  years  to  retirement  purchased  their 
discharge  and  left  the  service  is  conclusive  evidence,  in  my  opinion,  that  they  did 
not  consider  the  pay  and  retired  pay  sufficient  inducement  to  warrant  their  remaining 
in  the  service.  That  the  majority  of  them  now  hold  positions  that  pay  far  better  than 
the  Army  would  tend  to  prove  them  correct. 


No. 


Name. 


Tilford,  George  M 

Byar,  Homer 

Veazey,  Luther  W 

Yageman,  Max 

Goddard,  Richard  H. . 

Lee,  Charles  N 

Rubin,  Harry  L 

Bradshaw,  Andrew  M. 

Decker,  John  W . . 

Downer,  Alfred 

Baker,  Peter 

Thomas,  Benjamin  H. 

Elliott,  Mayhew 

Armstrong,  George... 
Lindsey,  William  T... 


Rank. 


Sergeant 

Private 

do 

Sergeant 

Private 

Sergeant 

Private 

do 

Sergeant 

Private 

Sergeant 

Private 

do 

Sergeant 

Private 


Service. 


Straight.  Foreign.    Total 


Years. 
4 
8 
3 
.  12 
7 
7 
7 
6 

14 
7 

12J 

15 
4 

7 


Years. 


Years. 

6 
11 

5 

17 
11 
11 

9 
10 
19 

9 

m 

10 

20 

6 

10 


18386—07 6 


82 


PAY    OF    OFFICERS    AND    ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    ARMY. 


COMPANY  G-Continued. 


No. 

Position. 

Rate  of 
pay  per 
month. 

1 

Bank  clerk 

$100 

? 

In  business  for  himself 

3 

Employed  by  his  father 

4 

Farming 

5 

Clerk  in  real  estate  office 

80 

6 

TTnknown 

7 

Reenlisted 

8 

In  business  for  himself 

q 

Foreman  in  car  bams 

80 

in 

Conductor  street  railway 

75 

11 

Railroading 

75 

1? 

Wholesale  drug  clerk 

70 

13 

In  business  for  himself 

14 

Playing  professional  ball 

125 

15 

Reenlisted 

SIGNAL  CORPS. , 

There  are  12  enlisted  men  of  the  Signal  Corps,  U.  S.  Army,  on  the  cable  boat  Cyrus 
W.  Field,  and  have  been  since  the  boat  went  into  commission  three  years  ago;  only 
two  of  these  men  have  ever  reenlisted  and  one  of  those  soon  bought  himself  out  of 
the  service. 

The  rule  is  that  as  soon  as  these  men  begin  to  know  something  of  their  duties,  they 
quit.  Already  in  1907  three  men  who  have  succeeded  each  other  as  first  sergeant  of 
the  detachment  have  left  the  service.  The  present  first  sergeant  is  now  making 
similar  preparations;  hence,  the  difficulty  of  carrying  on  technical  work.  Lack  of 
pay  as  compared  to  civil  life  is  the  cause. 

On  board  the  U.  S.  cable  boat  Cyrus  W.  Field  there  are  12  signal  corps  men  who  work 
in  conjunction  with  the  crew  of  the  boat.  Privates  on  the  cable  boat  receive  $17 
per  month,  working  alongside  of  men  in  corresponding  rank  in  the  crew  who  get  $45 
per  month,  and  who  are  hard  to  get  even  at  that  price.  The  highest  ranking  non- 
commissioned officers  receive  $37  per  month,  who  work  alongside  of  men  in  correspond- 
ing rank  of  the  crew  who  receive  from  $55  to  $80  per  month. 

The  salary,  both  in  cases  of  crew  and  enlisted  men  serving  on  board,  is  in  addition 
to  quarters  and  rations,  as  all  men  live  on  board  the  vessel. 

Names  of  enlisted  men  of  Company  E,  Signal  Corps,  discharged  by  reason  of  purchase  and 
per  expiration  of  term  of  service  for  the  period  from  September  1,  1906,  to  September  SO, 
1907. 


No. 


Name. 


Joseph  A.  Marrow . 


Thomas  Williams 

George  A.  L.  Genoway. 

CarlT.  Hubbard 

George  Shepard 

Fred  E.  Sleeth 

William  H.  Heast 

Edwin  C.  Bretzin 

Joseph  M.  Gurerin 

Jesse  R.  Blake 

Harry  W.  Chadwick. . . 


Willis  O.  Perry 

Guy  E.  Walker 

Frank  C.  Burkey 

Leroy  D .  AUaman . . . 
Clifton  C.  English.... 

Eber  A.  Fish 

Guy  H.  Bobbitt 

Peter  A.  Devine 

John  A.  Hummel 

William  A.  Glasheen. 


Rank. 


Sergeant. 


do 

Corporal 

First-class  private 

do 

do 

Corporal 

First-class  private 

do 

do 

Master  signal  electrician . 


First-class  sergeant . 

Sergeant 

Corporal 

First-class  private. . 

do 

do 

Private 

do 

do 


Expiration  of 

service. 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

Purchase 

Expiration  of 

service. 
....do 


.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 


Date  of  dis- 
charge. 


Aug.  24,1906 


Oct. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Nov. 

Dec. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Dec. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Dec. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Dec. 


11,1906 
4,1906 
18,1906 
15, 1906 
12,1906 
23,1906 
5,1906 
16,1906 
29, 1906 
22, 1906 

4,1906 
21,1906 

1,1906 
29,1906 
26,1906 

6,1906 
16, 1906 
24,1906 

6,1906 
28,1906 


Length 
of  serv- 
ice. 


Years. 


PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 


83 


Names  of  enlisted  men  of  Company  E,  Signal  Corps,  discharged  by  reason  of  purchase  and 
per  expiration  of  term  of  service  for  the  period  from  September  1, 1906,  to  September  30, 
i907— Continued. 


No. 

Name. 

Rank. 

Reason. 

Date  of  dis- 
charge. 

Length 
of  serv- 
ice. 

m 

Wade  H.  Glasscock 

First-class  private 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 

Dec.   15,1906 

Dec.  16,1906 
Dec.     2, 1906 
Nov.    6,1906 
Nov.  23, 1906 
Dec.    15,1906 
Dec.     4, 1906 
Dec.   25,1906 
Jan.    11,1907 
Feb.  18,1907 
Jan.   11,1907 
Feb.     2,1907 
Feb.  12,1907 
Jan.     1, 1907 
Feb.  24,1907 
Jan.    11,1907 
Feb.    7,1907 
..,..do 

Years. 
3 

?3 

Archie  V.  Potter 

do 

3 

?4 

Claude  E.  Van  Vorhis 

do....               

do. 

3 

?,5 

Fred  D.  Longphre 

do 

do 

3 

% 

do 

.do 

3 

?7 

Jesse  E.  Garver 

Private. 

do 

3 

?8 

.do 

6 

W 

Frederick  Kieber  . 

.do 

do 

13 

30 

Edward  C.  Latchem 

do 

do 

3 

31 

Alvin  H .  Kendall 

Sergeant. .      .             .      

do  . 

6 

3? 

Fred  A.  Cook 

do 

do 

3 

33 

Glenn  Young 

do 

.do 

3 

34 

Charles  W.  H.  Heideman  . . . 

do 

do 

3 

35 

Corporal 

do 

3 

36 

Peter  J.  Benson  . . 

First-class  private  .*• 

do 

5 

37 

Alexander  L.  Wells 

do 

do 

6 

38 

William  Woemer 

do 

.do. 

3 

39 

Edward  C.Bell 

Private..'. 

do 

6 

40 

do 

.do 

Jan.     6, 1907 
Jan.     4, 1907 
Jan.   25,1907 
Feb.  25,1907 
Jan.     5, 1907 
Sept.  20, 1906 
Feb.   10,1907 
Feb.     2, 1907 
Jan.     9, 1907 
Jan.     5, 1907 
Apr.     3, 1907 

Mar.  19,1907 
Apr.   13,1907 
Feb.   22,1907 
Apr.   15,1907 
Apr.  27,1907 
Mar.  17,1907 
Mar.  11,1907 
Mar.  10,1907 
Mar.  11,1907 
Apr.  29,1907 
Mar.     7, 1907 
Apr.     3, 1907 
Mar.  12,1907 
Mar.    4, 1907 
Feb.  19,1907 
Mar.     8, 1907 
Mar.  10,1907 
Mar.  14,1907 
Mar.     7,1907 
Mar.  18,1907 
Mar.     7,1907 
May  22,1907 

May  19,1907 
May    8,1907 
June  17,1907 
June  21,1907 
May     3,1907 
do 

3 

41 

William  C.  McRay.. 

.do. 

do 

3 

49, 

Otto  A.  Dittman 

Corporal 

.do 

3 

43 

Jay  0.  Early  . 

First-class  private 

do 

3 

44 

Ed.ward  A.  Godfrey 

do 

.do 

3 

45 

Roscoe  L.  Oatley  . .  . 

-do. 

do 

6 

46 

James  H.  Delaney 

Private 

.do 

3 

47 

Walter  H.  Work 

do 

do 

3 

48 

Richard  S.  Silence 

Purchase 

do 

10 

49 

John  M.  Keys 

.do     . 

2 

50 

51 

Walter  L.  Costenborder 

Wesley  K.  Carr 

First-class  sergeant 

Sergeant 

do 

do 

Expiration  of 
service. 

do 

do 

do. 

6 
6 

52 
53 

Samuel  S.  V.  Schermerhom . 
George  Scott ^ 

3 

6 

54 

Robert  W.  Davis 

Corporal 

..  .do 

3 

5.5 

James  A.  Andrews 

do 

do 

3 

56 

Hugh  Annis 

do 

.do 

3 

57 

John  A.  Malterer 

do.... 

do 

6 

58 

John  M.  Bratcher 

do 

.do 

3 

59 

60 

Ralph  R.  Carlander 

Thomas  R.  Carley 

First-class  private 

do 

do 

do  ... 

3 
3 

61 

Sidney  L.  Helms.. 

do.... 

do 

3 

62 
63 
64 

George  D.  Hendrickson 

George  W.  Hunt 

Booker  M.  Kelly 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

3 
3 
3 

65 

Alvin  Johnson 

do.... 

do 

3 

66 

Thomas  S.  Mills 

do 

do 

3 

67 

Kendall  Read . 

do 

do 

3 

68 

Emmet  L.  Harper 

do 

Purchase 

do 

2 

69 

Arthur  Rivett 

do.... 

10 

70 

Maurice  E.  Stack 

do 

do 

2 

71 

Claude  L.  Williams. 

do  .   . 

do 

3 

79. 

JohnH.  Kirby 

Sergeant 

Expiration  of 
service, 
do 

7 

73 

Edward  B.  Barbee 

do 

3 

74 

Frederick  E.  Dier. 

.do 

do 

g 

75 

Aron  A.  Backstrom 

do 

do 

g 

76 

Joe  Davis 

Corporal 

do 

7 

77 

Arthur  C.  Benack 

do 

3 

78 

Thomas  A.  Penhale 

do 

..      do     .. 

3 

79 

Fred  Schnieder 

do 

do 

May  10,1907 
May     9, 1907 
May   16,1907 
June  10,1907 
do 

3 

80 

Charles  E.  Smith 

do 

do 

g 

81 

Claude  Zeigler 

do 

do 

g 

82 

Edward  W.  Pagel 

Sergeant 

do 

3 

83 

Edward  A.  Seeley 

do 

do 

3 

84 

William  Shaffer 

Corporal 

do 

June    9,1907 
May  25,1907 
May  27,1907 
May   18,1907 
May  27,1907 
May  26,1907 
May  25,1907 
June  10,1907 
June  21,1907 
June    3, 1907 
June  29,1907 
June  21,1907 
May     2,1907 
do 

g 

85 

James  J.  White 

do 

-.      do 

9 

86 

Thomas  J.  Scoto 

do.... 

do 

3 

.87 

Alfred  E.  Allen 

Fi  rst-class  pri  vate 

.do 

3 

88 

Charles  J.  Cronin 

do 

do 

3 

89 

OttoB.  Ehrig 

do 

-do 

3 

90 

Sidney  R.  Miller 

do.... 

do 

3 

91 

Peter  E.  Olson .• 

do 

..      do 

3 

92 

Joseph  H.  Porter 

do 

do 

3 

93 

Ira  Rone 

do 

..     .do 

3 

94 

Miner  H.  Whitney 

do. 

do 

18 

9.5 

Wilford  Dan  vers 

Corporal 

Purchase..... 

do 

do 

g 

96 

Edward  J.  France 

First-class  private. ; 

do 

2 

97 

John  Regan 

3 

84 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY, 


Names  of  enlisted  men  of  Company  E,  Signal  Corps,  discharged  by  reason  of  purchase  and 
per  expiration  of  term  of  service  for  the  period  from  September  1, 1906,  to  September  30, 
i907— Continued. 


No. 


Kama 


Rank. 


Reason. 


Date  of  dis- 
charge. 


Length 
of  serv- 
ice. 


100 
101 
102 
103 
104 
105 
106 
107 
108 
109 
110 
111 
112 

113 


Samuel  H.  Cable. 


Frederick  M.  Thompson. 

Elwyn  Richardson 

John  E.Ellis 

George  H.  Powell 

Elmer  L.  Burchell 

David  W.  Burger 

Ernest  Cole ;.. 

Irwin  D.  Hammond 

Fred  J.  Mills 

Robert  E.  Powledge 

Cannon  C.  Shriver 

Floyd  C.  DeLap 

Harry  B.  Whittier 

Bernard  A.  Brannon 


MUo  Trout. 


Sergeant. 


Corporal 

do 

do 

do 

First-class  private. 

do 

....do 

do 

do 

....do 

....do 

do 

do 


.do. 
.do. 


Expiration  of 

service. 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

do 

Favor 

Purchase 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 


July  27,1907 

July  14,1907 
Aug.  8,1907 
July  1, 1907 
Aug.  11,1907 
Aug.  29,1907 
Aug.  10,1907 
Aug.    7,1907 

do 

Aug.  4,1907 
July  7, 1907 
July  25,1907 
July  3, 1907 
Aug.  30,1907 
Sept.  13, 1907 

Sept.  22, 1907 


Years. 


Of  the  above-named  men  24  have  reenlisted.  These  are  divided  as  follows:  Master 
signal  electrician,  1;  sergeants,  first  class,  4;  sergeants,  8;  corporals,  3;  privates,  first 
class,  5  in  Signal  Corps,  2  in  line;  privates,  1.     Total,  22;  in  Signal  Corps,  2  in  line. 

Lengths  of  service  of  men  reenlisted,  by  grades,  as  follows:  Master  signal  electrician, 
twenty-four  years;  sergeants,  first  class,  3  of  six  years,  1  of  thirteen  years;  sergeants,  3 
of  three  years,  3  of  six  years,  1  of  seven  years,  1  of  eight  years;  corporals,  1  of  three 
years,  1  of  six  years,  1  of  seven  years;  privates,  first  class,  3  of  three  years,  1  of  six 
years,  1  of  eighteen  years;  privates  in  line,  1  of  three  years,  1  of  ten  years;  1  private 
of  three  years. 

Of  the  above-enumerated  men  1  first-class  private  (number  4  on  main  list)  has  since 
purchased  his  discharge. 

Those  who  reenlisted  are  numbers  2,  4, 11, 12, 15, 19,  28,  29,  35,  36,  50,  52,  53,  57,  60 
(infantry),  69  (artillery),  72,  73  (remained  out  of  service  a  short  time  before  reenlist- 
ing),  74,  75,  76,  83,  87,  and  94. 

Of  those  remaining  out  of  service  the  following  are  known  to  be  engaged  in  work  or 
to  have  obtained  work  upon  discharge  as  follows: 

No.  10,  in  San  Francisco,  at  $100  per  month. 

No.  18,  as  telegraph  operator,  at  $80  per  month. 

Nos.  21,  22,  and  23,  as  operators,  pay  at  least  $80  per  month. 

No.  30,  in  San  Francisco,  as  electrician,  $130  per  month. 

No.  31,  as  operator,  pay  $90  per  month. 

No.  51,  operator,  pay  unknown,  but  at  least  $80  per  month. 

No.  56,  in  San  Francisco,  as  electrician,  pay  $150  per  month. 

No.  70,  in  San  Francisco,  as  operator,  at  $90  per  month. 

No.  71,  in  San  Francisco,  as  operator,  at  $85  per  month. 
■   No.  81,  in  ;§enicia,  Cal.,  barkeeper,  at  $65  per  month. 

No.  95,  in  Salt  Lake  City,  with  Southern  Pacific  Railway,  at  $90  per  month,  elec- 
trician. 

No.  97,  fireman,  Revenue-Cotter  Service. 

No.  110,  railway  mail  clerk. 

No.  Ill,  in  San  Francisco,  as  telegraph  operator,  at  $85  per  month. 
.  Of  those  discharged  and  not  accounted  for  in  the  immediately  preceding  list,  the 
following  are  known  to  be  expert  telegraph  operators  and,  probably,  are  engaged  in 
telegraph  work:  Nos.  13,  16,  27,  35,  40,  41,  46,  48,  77,  78,  82,  84,  85,  86,  88,  89,  90,  91, 
92,  93,  96,  98,  99,  100,  101,  102,  103,  105,  106,  107,  108,  and  113. 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS  AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 


85 


Names  of  men  of  Company  G,  Signal  Corps,  who  have  purchased  discharge  during  the 
past  ten  months  to  accept  positions  in  civil  life. 


Name. 


Position  accepted. 


Pay  per 
month. 


George  H.  Vandyke. 

Richard  Frey 

William  J.  Varnes . . . 

Jacob  Bernson 

Frank  L.  Hopkins. . . 

Willie  HaU 

William  A.  Whitson. 
Alex.  G.  Cross 


Foreman,  lumber  company. 

Railroad  telegrapher 

Draftsman,  Panama 

do 

Pullman  car  conductor 

Railroad  telegrapher 

do 

do 


$100 
70 
100 
150 
90 
80 
70 
70 


ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT. 

Men  discharged  during  past  year  from  Springfield  Armory,  Springfield,  Mass.,  are  as 
follows: 


Name. 

Rank. 

Present  occupation. 

Pay  per 
month. 

Robert  J  Miller 

Second-class  private 

Fire  department 

$78.00 

Richard  N.  Bolster 

do  . .             

do 

78.00 

Owen  Ruhe 

First-class  private. 

.do 

78.00 

Noah  E.  Pooler 

.do 

do 

82.50 

Rial  S   Potter 

do                                     .     . 

Clerk 

60.00 

William  H   Stickler 

do 

Coachman                         

50.00 

do                                   .  . 

60.00 

Tohn  I   Gallaeher 

do 

Carpenter          .        

78.00 

.do                          

90.00 

Charles  F.  Neipolt 

Second-class  private. 

Teamster                    

60.00 

The  following  are  discharges  by  purchase  since  September,  1905,  from  Watervliet 
Arsenal,  Watervliet,  N.  Y.: 


Name. 

Pay. 

Occupation. 

Martin  Walsh 

$15  per  week .... 

Concrete  work. 

H.  0.  Grotjohann 

do 

Mechanic. 

Edward  Larkins 

$18  per  week 

Rigger. 

F.  A.  Seither 

$2  per  day 

Electrical  work. 

Wm.  McBride 

$15  per  week 

Hotel  work. 

Substitute  letter t;arrier  in  Boston. 

John  Sullivan       

$15  per  week 

Grocery  store. 

HOSPITAL  CORPS. 

Men  discharged  since  January  1,  1906,  from  the  post  hospital,  Fort  Leavenworth, 
Kans. : 


Name. 

Organization. 

Discharge  ob- 
tained by- 

Position  a,ccepted. 

Pay  per 
month. 

Watkins,  Charles  D . . . 

Hospital  Corps . 
do 

Expiration  of 

service. 

Purchase 

Expiration  of 

service. 

Purchase 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 

Dentist 

$200 

Crandall,  Albert 

Drummer  for  tobacco  company. 
Restaurant                 

75 

Owens  Edgar  J 

do 

60 

Wuyster,  William H... 
Thomas,  John  W. . . '. . . 

do  ... 

Clerk,  Montgomery  &  Ward. . . 
Real  estate 

60 

do 

Unknown. 

Charlier,  George  D 

do 

Pharmacist     

125 

De  Long,  Philip  E 

...  .do 

do 

75 

Hayward,  Earnest  A.. 
Spencer,  William  C 

do 

do  .  . 

Nurse          .  .                      . 

50 

do 

do 

Agent,  insurance  company 

Restaurant 

75 

Owens  William  H 

do 

do  . 

40 

Phillips,  James  F 

do 

do 

Fanner           

Unknown. 

Robinson  James  W 

do 

do 

Barber                     

Unknown. 

Winkneld,  Henry. 

do 

Purchase 

Expiration  of 

service. 
do 

Unknown. 

Brown,  Ralph  S 

do 

City  editor 

100 

Moore,  Edgar 

do 

Porter,  Pullman  service 

40 

Van,  Alfred 

do 

do 

Unknown. 

do  .  . 

do 

Unknown. 

Whitac're,  Charles H.. 

do 

do 

Assistant  steward  in  hotel 

50 

86 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 


CORPS  OF  ENGINEERS. 

The  following  discharges  were  made  from  Company  H,  Second  Battalion,  Wash- 
ington Barracks,  D.  C: 


Name.                Discharge  obtained  by- 

Date. 

Position  accepted. 

Pay  per 
month. 

Corporal  Haskell Exniration  of  service 

July  18,1907 
Dec.    13,1906 
Sept.  13,1907 
Feb.   15,1907 
June  17,1907 
Feb.   19,1907 
Jan.     8,1906 
Mar.  27,1907 
July  24,1907 
Dec.   14,1905 

Surveyor..   . 

$150 

Sergeant  Trummell. . . . 
Private  Arseneaut 

do 

Carpenter 

80 

do 

do 

a  4 

Private  Stratton 

..do 

Rolling  mill 

70 

Private  Loyd 

do 

Motorman  on  street  car. . . 
.     .do 

60 

Private  Cook 

do 

60 

Private  Heller 

do 

do 

60 

Private  Daily 

do 

Conductor  on  street  car. . . 
Fireman,  filtration  plant.. 
Conductor  on  street  car. . . 

60 

Private  Ray 

.do 

60 

Private  Truman. 

Purchase 

60 

a  Per  day. 
VARIOUS  ORGANIZATIONS. 

Table  showing  enlisted  men  discharged  by  purchase  within  the  past  year  at  West  Point,  N.  Y., 
on  account  of  insufficient  pay . 


Name. 


Organization. 


Position  accepted. 


Pay. 


Frank  Silvia,  sergeant 

William  J.  Boiling,  sergeant. . 

Edward  Eckam,  cook 

James  Citro,  cook 


Mickael  Laitner,  musician. . . 

Simon  Culp,  musician 

Santiago    Curt,     first-class 

private. 
Ferrol  Le  Due,  private 


Lewis  S.  Diefendorf,  private, 
first  class. 

Michael  Hine,  flrst^3lass  pri- 
vate. 

Edward  J.  Charlton, private. 

Edward  Hirsch,  private 


Willie  Phillips,  private 

Charles  R.  Brown,  private. 


John  M.  McCool,  private 

Charles  J.Thompson,  private. 
Edward  J.  Maliey,  private. . . 
William  Stahlberg,  private . . . 
Andrew  P.  Ford,  private 


Detachment  of  engi- 
neers. 

Detachment  of  cav- 
alry. 

Detachment  of  artil- 

..'"/o 


Band 

....do 

Hospital  Corps 

....do 

....do 


Ordnance  detach- 
ment. 
Cavalry  detachment . 
do 


Artillery  detachment 
....do 


Detachment  of  A.  S. 

men. 
....do 


.do. 


To  go  in  business  at  Staten 
Island,  N.  Y. 

In  quartermaster's  depart- 
ment at  West  Point, N.Y. 

Sales  agent  at  Newburgh, 
N.Y. 

Pastry  cook  at  Highland 
Falls,  N.  Y. 

To  better  himself  in  civil  life. 

Dependent  relatives 

do 


Grocery    clerk. 
Falls,  N.  Y. 


Highland 

Tea  agent,Newburgh,N.  Y . . 

To  go  to  Philippine  Islands . 

Policeman  at  Yonkers,  N.Y. 
Agent    relief    association, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Dependent  relatives 

Civil    service    position    in 

Washington, D.C. 
Teamster  at  Philadelphia, 

Pa. 
Amusement     director     at 

Union  Hill,  N.  J. 
Steam  driller,  West  Point, 

N.Y. 
Blacksmith     in     northern 

New  York. 
Plumber  at  Highland  Falls, 

N.Y. 


Partner  with  his 

mother. 
$2  per  day. 

On  commission. 

$50  per  month  and 

board. 
Unknown. 


$50  per  month. 
On  commission. 


$100  per  month. 
Unknown. 


Unknown. 
$2.50  per  day. 
$75  per  month. 
$2.50  per  day. 
Unknown. 
$3.50  per  day. 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE  AKMY. 


87 


Enlisted  men  who  have  been  discharged  by  expiration  of  service  from  West  Point,  N,  Y., 
during  the  past  year,  and  who  have  declined  reenlistment  because  of  being  able  to  better 
themselves  m  civil  life. 


Name. 


Organization. 


Position  offered. 


Pay. 


William  Getz,  field  musician 

Frederic  W.   Mayer,   first- 
class  private. 


John  S.  Maker,  corporal 

Raymond  S.  Thayer,  first- 
class  private. 

Isaac  O.  Petell,  first-class 
private. 

Willis  O.  Sloane,  corporal 

Edward  Christoff,  private 

Clifford  II.  Compton,  private. 
Gustof  P.  Carlson,  private. . . 
William  McGowan,  private  .  . 


Francis  J.  Gibney,  private. 
Wesley  E.  Sarver,  private. . 
James  St.  John,  private . . . 


Fred.    Engelskircher,   musi- 
cian. 
William  Herzog,  musician. . . 


John  A.  Miller,  private,  first 

class. 
Frank  G.  Whitman,  sergeant. 


John  A.  S.  McClure,  private  , 
John  M.  Gillen,  private 


Detachment  of  field 
musicians. 

Ordnance  detach- 
ment. 


Engineer  detachment. 
do 


.do. 


Artillery  detachment . 

Detachment     A.     S. 

men. 
do 


....do 

....do 

...  do 

Band 

do 

Hospital  Corps 

Cavalry  detachment . 


.do. 
.do. 


Mason's  helper,  at  Highland 
Falls,  N.  Y. 

Assistant  in  Twenty- 
second  Regiment  Armory, 
N.  G.  N.  Y.,  New  York 
City. 

As  mill  hand 

Stairway  iron  worker 


Targeter,  Springfield  Ar- 
mory. 

Telegrapher  at  Highland 
Falls,  N.  Y. 

In  gas  house,at  West  Point, 

Painting  and  paper  hang- 
ing, at  Coldwater,  Mich. 

Carpenter,  at  Long  Island 
City,  N.  Y. 

Painter,  quartermaster's 
department,  West  Point, 
N.  Y. 

Bartender,  at  Newburgh, 
N.  Y. 

Foreman  of  mechanics  in 
Iowa. 

American  Express  Co., 
New  York  City. 

Painter  and  paper  hanger. 
Highland  Falls,  N.  Y. 

To  accept  position  in  civil 
life. 

Fireman  at  West  Point, 
N.  Y. 

Assistant  janitor  in  Ar- 
mory, N.  G.  N.  Y.,  New 
York  City. 

Locomotive  engineer 

Laborer  at  naval  station, 
at  lona  Island,  N.  Y. 


$1.75  per  day. 
Unknown. 

Do. 
Do. 

$2.50  per  day. 

Unknown. 

$60  per  month. 

Unknown. 

Do. 

$3  per  day. 

$60  per  month  and 

board. 
Unknown. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
$60  per  month. 
$3.50  per  day. 

Unknown. 
$1.90  per  day. 


Applications  for  discharge  by  purchase,  from  enlisted  men,  now  pending. 


Name. 

Organization. 

Position  offered. 

Pay. 

Stephen  M.  Alton,  private 

Harrison  M.  Jones,  private. . . 

Detachment  of  A.  S. 

men. 
Cavalry  detachment . . 

To  accept  a  position  in  mili- 
tia armory  in  New  York. 

Laborer  at  naval  station, 
Zona  Island,  N.  Y. 

$21  per  week. 
$1. 90  per  day. 

88 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AKD   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   AEMY. 


RECRUITING  SERVICE. 
Recruit  Depot,  Fort  Slocum,  N.  Y. 


Name. 


Geo.  Slater,  jr. 


F.  J.  Donovan 

Leo.  Cesano. 

H.  De  Felice 

H.  Blackman 

Sergt.  H.  Wildberger.. 

Sergt.  John  F.  Darling. 
Corpl.  E.  J.  Audette 

Root.  Vaughn 

Leroy  E.  Summer. 
Dale  Thomas.. 


Fred  Brinillard. 
E.  Llewellyn... 
Charles  Green. . 


J.  P.  Morton. 
Geo.  Kase... 


C.  S.  Zeuner 

Geo.  N.  Chalfin. 


Recruiting  com- 
pany. 


First  (band)  . . 


do. 

do. 

Sixth  . 


....do 

Hospital  Corps. 

....do 

....do 


Discharge  ob- 
tained by— 


Purcha&t. . 


.do 
.do 
.do 
■  do 
Expiration  of 
service. 

Purchase 

....do 

Expiration  of 
service. 

Purchase 

Expiration  of 

service. 
....do 


Position. 


Purchase. 


Musician   in    Troy   City 

Band. 

Grocery  clerk 

Immigration  clerk 

Special  policeman 

Salesman  in  shoe  store . . 
Government  position  on 

island  of  Haiti. 

Police  officer 

Stevens  Arms  Co 

Hotel  business 

Actor 

Express  business 

Not  known 

Post  exchange 

Brakeman 

Clerk  in  grocery 

do 

Clerk,    Brooklyn    Rapid 

Transit  R.  R. 
Clerk,  clothing  house 


Salary. 


$1,000  per  year. 

$80  per  month. 

Do. 
$75  per  month. 
$15  per  week. 
$100  per  month. 

$55  per  month. 
$72  per  month. 
$100  per  month. 
$200  per  month. 
$75  per  month. 

$12  per  week. 
$80  per  month. 

$18  per  week. 
$60  per  month. 

Do. 

$72  per  month. 


Many  men  at  this  station  who  are  detailed  on  extra  duty  and  who  would  make  excel- 
lent noncommissioned  oflGicers,  object  to  such  appointments  owing  to  the  fact  that  they 
will  suffer  a  reduction  in  pay. 

There  have  been  a  number  of  requests  from  noncommissioned  officers  to  be  reduced 
for  the  purpose  of  accepting  clerical  and  other  positions  on  account  of  the  extra  pay 
which  they  would  receive. 

This  is  a  deplorable  state  of  affairs  which  would  be  obviated  if  the  difference  between 
the  pay  of  a  private  and  a  noncommissioned  officer  were  equivalent  to  any  extra  com- 
pensation which  a  private  might  receive  in  an  extra  or  special  duty  position. 

Recruiting  Station,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Discharged  soldiers  who  have  passed  through  this  office  have  been  unanimous  in 
their  declaration  that  the  pay  of  the  Army  is  inadequate.  They  claimed  that  the 
work  required  of  the  enlisted  men  is  such  as  to  keep  good  men  out  of  the  service. 
They  made  particular  reference  to  practice  marches.  The  demand  for  labor  in  this 
district  is  much  greater  than  the  supply,  and  the  scale  of  wages  has  been  raised  to 
practically  double  the  amount  paid  six  >rears  ago.  I  find  it  exceedingly  difficult  to 
even  hold  men  who  are  applicants  for  enlistment  a  sufficient  length  of  time  to  comply 
with  orders.    There  is  always  some  one  who  will  offer  them  an  occupation  in  civil  life. 

Of  men  who  have  served  on  this  party,  and  who  were  discharged  while  on  recruiting 
duty,  about  6  have  secured  positions  of  good  pay  in  this  city.  One  is  a  sergeant  of 
police,  two  are  patrolmen,  another  a  mail  clerk,  another  a  doctor  in  a  lumber  camp  in 
Texas,  and  two  are  working  for  the  Metropolitan  Street  Railway  Company  of  this  city. 

The  great  decrease  in  the  gross  apjjlicants,  I  believe,  is  due  to  the  great  demand  for 
labor — tnere  are  at  least  10  structures  being  erected  in  the  vicinity  of  this  station — and 
to  the  small  amount  of  pay  that  is  paid  to  a  man  in  the  service.  I  would  state  most 
emphatically  that  an  increase  in  pay  is  badly  needed,  if  we  would  compete  with  the 
scale  of  wages  paid  in  civil  life. 


D 

T 

H 

T 

Q 

(/) 

7" 

< 

< 

$ 

1- 

(/> 

[- 

nr 

X 

u. 

cc 

7 

$ 

o 

1- 
O 

1- 
< 

C> 

> 

Li. 

DC 

1 

1- 

:z 

I-- 

< 

^ 

u. 

z 

S 

n 

C5 

nr 

LU 

X 

OC 

PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY.  89 

,  Exhibit  I. 

REPORTS  TO  WHICH  ATTENTION  IS  INVITED  AS  A  WHOLE. 

Fort  Crook,  Nebr.,  October  21,  1907. 
Capt.  Johnson  Hagood, 

Coast  Artillery  Corps,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Sir:  I  desire  to  submit  the  following  reasons  why  the  pay  of  officers  and  enlisted 
men  should  be  increased  at  least  as  much  as  is  contemplated  in  the  bill  now  under 
discussion. 

Here  at  Fort  Crook  household  servants  now  command  at  least  $25  a  month,  and 
some  officers  pay  as  much  as  $60  for  two  servants.  From  1872,  and  until  the  new  rate  law 
went  into  effect,  railroads  west  of  the  Mississippi,  from  Chicago  west,  granted  half-fare 
tickets  to  officers  going  on  leave  and  to  officers'  families  and  servants.  Many  roads  in 
the  seventies  and  eighties  gave  passes  to  all  noncombatants  accompanying  troop  trains 
when  changing  station.  It  now  takes  about  all  a  married  officer  can  save  to  transport 
his  family  to  and  from  the  islands  and  each  time  fit  it  out  in  clothing  suitable  to  the 
change  of  climate.  This  is  especially  so  of  the  infantry,  which  at  present  has  to  serve 
two  years  in  the  islands  and  two  years  at  home. 

Before  1898  a  married  officer's  wife  and  children  could  generally  live  at  the  officer's 
station  in  the  United  States,  and  the  children  go  to  local  schools.  Now,  if  he  has 
young  children  of  school  age,  he  must  leave  them  and  his  wife  in  the  United  States, 
m  order  that  the  children  may  attend  school,  and  when  he  goes  to  the  islands  or  to 
Cuba  maintain  two  establishments.  In  but  a  few  stations  in  the  islands  are  there 
schooling  facilities  for  officers'  younger  children,  and  none  at  all  for  the  advanced  ones. 

In  1872,  and  many  years  thereafter,  officers  traveling  on  duty  received  10  cents  a 
mile  on  railroads,  while  now  they  receive  but  7  cents. 

It  is  of  great  benefit  to  army  officers  that  they  should  mix  freely  with  civilians  and 
not  become  a  body  apart.  Few  officers  stationed  in  the  United  States  can  now  afford 
to  join  a  club  in  a  city  near  their  station  or  to  entertain  or  be  entertained  by  civilians. 
The  officer's  pay  does  not  warrant  it.  Yet  there  is  nothing  more  mentally  narrowing 
to  the  officers  than  to  associate  only  among  themselves  and  talk  shop  all  the  time. 

Every  change  of  station  means  to  the  officer  great  expense.  Breakage  of  articles  of 
furniture  and  crockery,  etc.,  in  transit,  mildewing  and  moth  eating  of  heavy  clothing 
and  carpets  left  in  store  for  two  years  when  he  goes  to  the  islands,  refitting  the  house 
in  each  case,  sacrifice  sale  of  his  horses  or  his  carriage,  should  he  have  the  latter. 

Out  of  the  last  eight  years  I  have  been  stationed  nearly  six  years  in  the  Philippine 
Islands,  during  two  tours..  Since  July,  1902,  I  have  personally  moved  as  follows,  and 
mine  is  but  an  ordinary  case: 

July,  1902,  from  Manila  to  Fort  McDowell,  Cal. ;  December,  1902,  from  Fort  McDow- 
ell, Cal.,  to  Alcatraz,  Cal.;  February,  1903,  from  Alcatraz,  Cal.,  to  Fort  Snelling, 
Minn.;  October,  1904,  from  Fort  Snelling,  Minn.,  to  Presidio,  Cal.;  February,  1905, 
from  Presidio,  Cal.,  to  Camp  Connell,  Samar,  .P.  I.;  January,  1906,  from  Camp  Con- 
nell,  Samar,  P.  I.,  to  Fort  McKinley,  Manila;  August,  1907,  Fort  McKinley  to  Fort 
Crook,  Nebr.  At  each  move  I  had  to  transport  my  family  and  my  household  goods 
and  refit  my  house  at  considerable  expense,  because  scarcely  no  two  army  quarters 
are  alike.  My  losses  by  theft,  breakage  in  transit  from  my  old  to  my  new  station  in 
the  United  States,  moth  and  mildew  of  such  articles  as  I  left  in  the  United  States 
when  I  went  to  the  islands,  has,  during  my  two  tours  in  the  islands,  amounted  easily 
to  1600.  Such  articles  of  furniture  as  I  took  to  the  islands  were,  after  a  long  railroad 
journey  and  transshipments  in  transports  and  interisland  boats,  not  worth  bringing 
back.  Formerly  changes  of  station  were  unfrequent.  In  my  service  prior  to  1898,  I 
was  stationed  three  years  at  Camp  Supply,  Ind.  T. ;  three  years  at  Fort  Dodge, 
Kans.;  six  years  at  Brownsville,  Tex.;  nine  years  at  Fort  Wayne,  Mich. 

Prior  to  1898  but  a  few  mounted  officers  of  infantry  owned  their  own  horses,  as  they 
seldom  had  use  for  horses,  there  being  no  extensive  maneuvers,  etc.,  and  Government 
horses  were  used  for  occasional  city  parades.  Now  the  owning  of  horses  by  mounted 
officers  is  mandatory.  Furthermore,  officers  at  many  posts  in  the  Army  and  especially 
in  Manila  are  heavily  assessed  to  pay  for  semipublic  functions  such  as  the  entertain- 
ment, when  visiting  the  post,  of  foreign  officials,  the  officers  of  British  Asiatic  fleet, 
our  own  fleet,  and  of  the  Japanese  fleet,  visiting  Congressional  parties,  etc. 

Other  arguments  for  increase  of  pay,  such  as  the  50  per  cent  increase  since  1873  in 
the  cost  of  living,  the  increased  number  and  cost  of  uniforms  (at  least  200  per  cent), 
etc.,  might  be  enlarged  upon,  but  are  well  known  to  all.  It  is  a  fact  that  officers, 
upon  their  present  pay,  can  no  longer  maintain  the  standing  which  the  Government 


90 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF    THE   ARMY. 


expects  them  to  maintain  in  the  communities  near  which  they  are  stationed,  and 
many  are  at  their  wits  end  to  properly  care  for  their  families,  not  being  able  to  save 
sufficient  money  from  their  pay  either  to  leave  them  in  the  United  States  or  to  take 
them  to  the  islands.  There  are  a  few  officers  who  have  incomes  other  than  their  pay, 
but  they  are  very  scarce.     There  is  but  one  of  these  in  my  regiment. 

There  should  be  the  largest  increase  of  pay  for  the  captains  and  lieutenants. 

In  regard  to  the  pay  of  the  enlisted  men,  I  submit  the  following: 

Thirteen  dollars  a  month  is  not  sufficient  pay  to  get  good  men.  If  perchance,  due 
to  youthful  enthusiasm  to  see  foreign  service,  a  young  man  enlists,  he  will  usually 
stay  but  one  enlistment.  In  this  locality,  ordinary  labor  commands  $1.75  to  $2  a  day. 
Farm  hands  around  here  by  the  year  get  $30  to  |50  a  month  and  board. 

This  post  is  12  miles  from  Omaha  by  suburban,  and  the  fare  is  40  cents  for  the  round 
trip.  A  soldier  gets  43  cents  a  day.  He  pays  here  from  |1.25  to  $1.50  for  his  laundry 
per  month,  $1  to  $1.50  for  barber  bill.  He  has  to  buy  out  of  his  wages  all  toilet  articles, 
towels,  polish  for  his  shoes,  equipments  and  brasses,  so  there  is  but  little  left  to  him 
for  amusements,  such  as  theaters,  circuses,  etc.  He  is  human,  and  after  a  tour  in  the 
islands  he  longs  to  see  a  circus  or  a  theater,  but  his  pay  does  not  warrant  such  extrava- 
gance. 

All  well-behaved  men  can  get  a  job  around  here  which  will  pay  them  enough  to 
live  nicely  and  occasionally  attend  amusements. 

Teamsters  in  the  employ  of  the  Government  at  this  post  get  $40  a  month  and  ration. 
The  duties  of  soldiers  nowadays,  take  it  the  year  round,  are  more  arduous  and  exhaust- 
ing than  those  of  a  teamster.  The  result  is,  that  with  the  present  small  pay  of  soldiers 
the  recruiting  officers  can  get  only  second-class  men,  whose  drinking  or  other  bad 
habits  cause  them  to  lose  their  places  in  civil  life,  or  men  who  are  of  lazy  disposition 
and  expect  to  have  an  easy  time  in  the  Army.  After  having  their  minds  disabused 
of  this  idea,  and  after  finding  that  long  weekly  practice  marches,  two  or  three  months' 
maneuvers  every  summer  in  camp,  sometimes  on  their  feet  from  dawn  to  dark,  fre- 
quent daily  labor,  keeping  the  large  posts  in  presentable  condition,  cutting  grass, 
pulling  weeds,  cleaning  up  public  buildings,  is  by  no  means  what  they  expected,  they 
desert. 

A  better  class  of  men  can  only  be  obtained  by  raising  the  pay  of  a  private  soldier  so 
that  it  shall  be,  in  some  measure,  commensurate  with  the  pay  which  the  unskilled 
labor  commands  in  the  country. 

Good  men  are  now  constantly  trying  to  get  out  of  service  to  accept  positions  which 
pay  better.  During  the  past  year  24  men  of  this  regiment  have  failed  to  reenlist, 
because  of  good  positions  offered  them  in  civil  life,  or  have  been  discharged  by  pur- 
chase or  other  methods  for  like  purpose.     A  list  inclosed. 

I  also  inclose  list  showing  number  of  changes  of  station  by  each  company  in  the 
regiment  since  1898,  and  miles  traveled  making  these  changes  of  station.  I  further 
inclose  list  of  changes  during  past  year  of  company  commanders  in  the  various  com- 
panies of  my  regiment.  These  changes  are  due  to  detached  service,  special  duty, 
sickness  due  to  service  in  the  islands,  etc.  Oftentimes,  due  to  above  causes,  there 
were  not  enough  line  officers  for  duty  to  go  around  at  the  rate  of  one  per  company. 
Very  respectfully, 

Cornelius  Gardener, 
Colonel.  Sixteenth  Infantry,  Commanding. 

[Inclosure  No.  1.] 

Within  the  past  year  2  sergeants,  2  corporals,  and  20  privates  have  been  discharged 
by  order,  and  1  man  granted  permission  to  take  a  civil-service  examination,  all  for  the 
purpose  of  bettering  themselves  by  taking  positions  as  guard  Bilibid  Prison,  clerk, 
foreman,  fireman,  street-car  inspector,  etc.,  with  pay  from  $75  to  $125  per  month. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  individual  instances  of  the  above-mentioned  men: 


Names. 


Sixteenth 
Infantry. 


Discharge 

obtained 

by- 


Position  accepted. 


Pay  per 
month. 


Christian  Wagener,  corporal. 


Heber  E.  Bash  am. 
Waiter  Gow 


Eugene  Klemm. . . 
John  C.  Reynolds. 
George  Pfeil 


Band 

Company  F. 


r. 


do 

do 

Company  G. 


By  order. 

do... 

do... 


.do... 
.do... 
.do... 


McCullough  &  Co. 
clerk. 


L, 


Manila,  P 

cierK. 

Philippines  Division,  clerk 

Quartermaster's  department,   en 

gineer. 

Philippines  Division,  clerk  

Manila  Electric  Railway  Co.,  clerk 
Quartermaster's  department,  fore 

man  stevedores. 


$75 

100 
75 

125 
90 
125 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 


91 


Names. 

Sixteenth 
Infantry. 

Discharge 

obtained 

by- 

Position  accepted. 

Pay  per 

month. 

Patrick  H.  Cox 

Company  H. 
do 

do     .... 

By  order . 
do.... 

do.... 

Bilibid  Prison,  Manila,  P.  I., guard.. 
J.  R.  Edgar,  Manila,   P.  I.,  clerk 

in  book  store. 
Manila,  P.  I.,  street-car  conductor. . 
American  Hardware  Co.,  Manila, 

P.  I.,  clerk. 

Manila  Supply  Co.,  salesman 

Manila  fire  department,  fireman 

Manila,  drug  store,  drug  salesman. . 
E.  J.  Smith  &  Co.,  Manila,  P.  I., 

clerk. 

..do 

$75 

William  Gillman 

Joseph  D.  Ritche 

75 
75 

Company  I . 

Company  K. 
Company  M 
Company  L. 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

....do 

75 

Emra  Shock,  corporal 

John  L.  Duke          

90 

75 

William  E.  Banks 

75 

Reuben  A.  Parrott,  corporal. 
Martin  Wolf 

Company  B. 
do 

do.... 

do 

75 
75 

Charles  W.  Harman 

do 

do 

do.... 

do.... 

To  accept  position  in  barber  shop, 

Manila,  P.  I. 
Atlantic,    Gulf    and    Pacific    Co., 

Manila,  P.  I.,  clerk. 
Manila,  P.  I.,  street-car  conductor. 
With  private  concern,  Manila,  P.  I. . 
Philippines  civil  service 

75 

75 

Company  C. 

do.... 

75 

John  C.  Enderly 

Willet  IT.  Newman,  sergeant. 
Alexander  H.   Mahon,   ser- 
geant. 

Peter  Weaver 

Edwin  P.  Fitzgerald 

Jack  Kern 

do 

do 

Company  D. 

do 

do 

..do 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do..:. 

do.... 

do 

100 
75 

Fort   McKinley,    P.    I.,   exchange 

steward. 
Oriental  Printing  Co.,  Manila,  P.  I. . 
Atlantic,    Gulf    and    Pacific    Co., 

Manila,  P.  I.,  clerk. 
Manila  fire  department,  fireman — 
To  accept  civil  position,  Manila,  P.  I. 

100 

100 
60 

100 

Charles  A.  Short 

Company  A. 

do 

75 

[Inclosure  No.  2.] 
FREQUENT   CHANGES    OF   COMPANY   COMMANDERS. 

Commanding  officers  of  companies,  Sixteenth  Infantry,  during  past  year: 

Company  ^.—Captain  French,  to  April  23,  1907;  Second  Lieutenant  Brown,  April 
24  to  August  22,  1907;  Captain  French,  since  August  23. 

Company  5.— Captain  Wheeler,  to  May  8,  1907;  First  Lieutenant  Lawton,  May  9 
to  September  23;  Captain  Wheeler,  since. 

Company  C. — Captain  Morton,  to  April  3,  1907;  First  Lieutenant  Shean,  April  3 
to  13,  1907;  Captain  Morton,  April  14  to  May  10,  1907;  Second  Lieutenant  Bubb,  May 
11  to  June  8;  Second  Lieutenant  Atkins,  June  9  to  26,  1907;  Captain  Morton,  since. 

Company  D. — First  Lieutenant  Wescott,  to  September  11,  1906;  Captain  Crimmins, 
September  12,  1906,  to  February  3,  1907;  Lieutenant  Wescott,  Felyuary  4  to  August 
2,  1907;  Second  Lieutenant  Kingman,  August  2  to  September  23,  1907;  First  Lieuten- 
ant Carter,  since. 

Company  E. — First  Lieutenant  McKain,  to  September  26,  1906;  Second  Lieutenant 
Bubb,  September  27  to  October  1;  Second  Lieutenant  Boschen,  October  2  to  5;  Lieu- 
tenant McKain,  October  6  to  November  17;  First  Lieutenant  Roach,  November  18  to 
21;  Second  Lieutenant  Soleliac,  November  22,  1906,  to  March  5,  1907;  Captain  Crim- 
mins, March  6  to  August  21;  Second  Lieutenant  James,  August  22  to  September  30; 
Lieutenant  Soleliac,  since. 

Company  F. — First  Lieut.  P.  L.  Smith  to  August  1,  1907;  Second  Lieutenant 
Churchill,  August  2  to  October  7;  Second  Lieutenant  Boschen,  since. 

Company  G. — Second  Lieutenant  James,  to  September  18,  1906;  Second  Lieutenant 
Riley,  September  19  to  24;  Lieutenant  James,  September  25,  1906,  to  January  31, 
1907;  Second  Lieut.  F.  L.  Minnigerode,  Eighth  Infantry,  February  1  to  28;  Sec- 
ond Lieutenant  Bubb,  March  1  to  6;  First  Lieutenant  Lawton,  March  7  to  10;  Lieu- 
tenant Riley,  March  11  to  20;  First  Lieutenant  McKain,  March  25  to  April  5;  Captain 
Buck,  April  6  to  July  15;  Lieutenant  Riley,  July  16  to  19;  Captain  Buck,  since. 

Company  H. — Captain  Chrisman,  to  April  2,  1907;  Second  Lieutenant  Bubb,  April 
3  to  8;  Second  Lieutenant  McCune,  April  9;  Captain  Chrisman,  since. 

Company  I. — First  Lieutenant  White,  to  August  6,  1907;  Captain  Bundel,  since. 

Company  K. — Captain  Ridenour,  to  January  1,  ]907;  Second  Lieutenant  Rose,  Jan- 
uary 2  to  4;  First  Lieutenant  Shean,  January  5;  Captain  Ridenour,  January  6  to  7; 
First  Lieutenant  Shean,  January  8  to  10;  Captain  Ridenour,  January  11  to  August  1, 
1907;  Lieutenant  Shean,  since. 

Company  L. — First  Lieutenant  Morison,  to  December  28,  1906;  Captain  Bennet, 
December  28,  1906,  to  January  2,  1907;  Lieutenant  Morison,  January  3  to  March  4, 
1907;  Second  Lieutenant  Churchill,  March  5  to  10;  Lieutenant  Morison,  March  11 
to  20;  First  Lieutenant  Hayes,  since. 


92 


PAY   OF    OFFICEES   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF   THE   ABMY. 


Compamj  M. — Captain  Dalton,  to  November  20,  1906;  First  Lieutenant  Sydney- 
Smith,  November  21,  1906,  to  April  7,  1907;  First  Lieutenant  McKain,  April  8  to  21; 
First  Lieutenant  Shean,  April  22  to  May  5;  Second  Lieutenant  Pickering,  May  6  to  18; 
Lieutenant  Shean,  May  19  to  26;  Lieutenant  Pickering,  May  27  to  July  13;  Lieut. 
S.  Smith,  July  14  to  August  13,  1907;  Captain  Dalton,  since. 

[Inclosure  No.  3.] 

SYNOPSIS. 

Changes  in  stations  of  organizations,  Sixteenth  Infantry,  since  1898,  with  miles 
traveled: 


Organization. 


Miles. 


Headquarters 
Company  A . . 
Company  B . . 
Company  C . . 
Company  D . . 
Company  E . . 
Company  F... 
Company  G . . 
Company  H . . 
Company  I . . . 
Comjiany  K.. 
Company  L... 
Company  M.. 


Changes  in  stations,  with  miles  traveled.  Distances  are  approximate,  and  are  taken 
from  "Official  Table  of  Distances,"  Paymaster-General's  Office.  In  a  few  instances, 
when  table  does  not  give  whole  distances,  they  are  taken  through  intermediate 
points. 

Headquarters  Sixteenth  Infantry,  since  1898. 

Miles. 

Apr.  — ,  1898.  From  Fort  Sherman,  Idaho,  to  Chickamauga,  Ga 2,  408 

May   12,1898.  To  Tampa,  Fla 725 

June  13,  1898.  To  Santiago,  Cuba 1,  500 

Aug.     8,  1898.  To  Camp  Wykoff,  Montauk  Point,  N.  Y 1,  900 

Sept.  19,  1898.  To  Huntsville,  Ala 1,086 

Jan.    25,  1899.  To  Fort  Crook,  Nebr 1,  300 

May   23,  1899.  To  San  Francisco,  Cal 1,852 

May   30,  1899.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu  and  north  end  Luzon 8,  023 

Dec.  25,1899.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan 436 

June  12,  1902.  To  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  via  Nagasaki 7,  056 

July   15,1902.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 2,760 

Nov.  19,  1904.  To  St.  Louis,  Mo 611 

Jan.    28,  1905.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 611 

May   19,1905.  To  San  Francisco,  Cal 2,760 

May   31,  1905.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu,  Guam,  etc 7,  893 

June  27,  1905.  To  Fort  William  McKinley,  Rizal 6 

Aug.  14,1907.  To  Manila 6 

Aug.  15,  1907.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki,  Honolulu,  etc 7,  456 

Sept.  17,  1907.  To  Fort  Crook,  Nebr 1,  852 


I 


Apr. 

May 

June 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Mar. 

May 

May 

Aug. 

Dec. 

Nov. 


— ,  1898. 
12, 1898. 
13, 1898. 

8. 1898. 

19. 1898. 

7. 1899. 

23. 1899. 
30, 1899. 

4, 1899. 
25, 1899. 
—  1900. 


50,  241 
Company  A,  Sixteenth  Infantry,  since  1898. 

Miles. 

From  Boise  Barracks,  Idaho,  to  Chickamauga,  Ga 2,  230 

To  Tampa,  Fla 725 

To  Santiago,  Cuba 1,  500 

To  Camp  Wykoff,  Montauk  Point,  N.  Y 1,  900 

To  Huntsville,  Ala 1,086 

To  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans 726 

To  San  Francisco,  Cal 2,  064 

To  Manila,  via  Honolulu  and  north  end  Luzon 8,  023 

To  Caloocan,  Rizal 4 

To  Aparri,  Cagayan 440 

To  Echague,  Isabela 145 


PAY   OF   OFFICEKS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   ARMY.  93 


Miles. 

Jan.    — ,  1902.  To  Ilagan,  Isabela 40 

June   — ,  1902.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan 106 

June    12, 1902.  To  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  via  Nagasaki 7,  056 

July    15, 1902.  To  Fort  Slocum,  N.  Y 3,  240 

Sept.     1, 1904.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 876 

May    19, 1905.  To  San  Francisco,  Cal 2,  760 

May    31, 1905.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu,  Guam,  etc 7,  893 

June    27, 1905.  To  Fort  William  McKinley,  Rizal 6 

Aug.    14, 1907.  To  Manila 6 

Aug.    15, 1907.  To  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  via  Nagasaki,  Honolulu,  etc 7,  456 

Sept.  17, 1907.  To  Fort  L.  H.  Roots,  Ark 2,  310 

50,  592 
Company  B,  Sixteenth  Infantry,  since  1S9S. 

Miles. 

Apr.    — ,  1898.  From  Fort  Spokane,  Wash. ,  to  Chickamauga,  Ga 2,  415 

May    12, 1898.  To  Tampa,  Fla 725 

June    13, 1898.  To  Santiago,  Cuba 1,  500 

Aug.      8, 1898.  To  Camp  Wykoff,  Montauk  Point,  N.  Y 1,  900 

Sept.  19, 1898.  To  Huntsville,  Ala 1,  086 

Jan.     25,1899.  To  Fort  Crook,  Nebr 1,300 

May    23, 1899.  To  San  Francisco,  Cal 1,  852 

May    30, 1899.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu  and  north  end  Luzon 8,  023 

Aug.      4, 1899.  To  San  Fernando,  Pampanga 39 

Aug.    15, 1899.  To  Cavite,  Cavite 59 

Sept.  25, 1899.  To  Santo  Tomas,  Pampanga 57 

Dec.    23, 1899.  To  Manila 37 

Dec.    25, 1899.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan 436 

Nov.   — ,  1900.  To  Echague,  Isabela 145 

Jan.     — ,  1902.  To  Tuguegarao,  Cagayan 81 

July      1, 1902.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan 64 

July    10, 1902.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki 7,  056 

Aug.    12, 1902.  To  Fort  Slocum,  N.  Y 3,  240 

Sept.     1, 1904.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 876 

May    19, 1905.  To  San  Francisco,  Cal 2,  760 

May    31, 1905.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu,  Guam,  etc 7,  893 

June    27, 1905.  To  Fort  William  McKinley,  Rizal 6 

Aug.    14, 1907.  To  Manila 6 

Aug.    15, 1907.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki,  Honolulu,  etc 7,  456 

Sept.  17, 1907.  To  Fort  L.  H.  Roots,  Ark 2,  310 

51,  322 
Company  C,  Sixteenth  Infantry,  since  1898. 

Miles. 

Apr.  — ,  1898.  From  Fort  Sherman,  Idaho,  to  Chickamauga,  Ga 2, 408 

May   12,1898.  To  Tampa,  Fla 725 

June  13,1898.  To  Santiago,  Cuba 1,500 

Aug.     8, 1898.  To  Camp  Wykoff,  Montauk  Point,  N.  Y 1,  900 

Sept.  19, 1898.  To  Huntsville,  Ala 1,  086 

Mar.      7, 1899.  To  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans 726 

May    23, 1899.  To  San  Francisco,  Cal 2,  064 

May    30, 1899.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu  and  north  end  Luzon 8,  023 

Aug.     4,1899.  To  Malobon,  Rizal 5 

Dec.    25, 1899.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan,  via  Manila 445 

Nov.  —,1900.  To  Echague,  Isabela 145 

Jan.    — ,  1900.  To  Tuguegarao,  Cagayan ". 81 

June     1, 1902.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan 64 

June  12, 1902.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki 7,  056 

July    15,1902.  To  Fort  Slocum,  N.  Y 3,240 

Sept.    1,1904.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 876 

May    19,1905.  To  San  Francisco,  Cal 2,760 

May    31, 1905.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu,  Guam,  etc 7,  893 

June  27,1905.  To  Fort  William  McKinley ,  Rizal : 6 

Aug.   14, 1907.  To  Manila .* 6 

Aug.   15, 1907.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki  and  Honolulu 7,  456 

Sept.  17,1907.  To  Fort  L.  H.  Roots,  Ark 2,310 

50,  775 


94  PAY   OF    OFFICEKS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   ARMY. 

Company  D,  Sixteenth  Infantry,  since  1898. 

Apr.    — ,  1898.  From  Fort  Sherman,  Idaho,  to  Chickamauga,  Ga 2,  408 

May    12, 1898.  To  Tampa,  Fla 725 

June  13, 1898.  To  Santiago,  Cuba 1,  500 

Aug.     8, 1898.  To  Camp  Wykoff,  Montauk  Point,  N.  Y 1,  900 

Sept.  19, 1898.  To  Huntsville,  Ala 1,  086 

Mar.      7, 1899.  To  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans 726 

May    23, 1899.  To  San  Francisco,  Cal 2,  064 

May    30, 1899.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu  and  north  end  Luzon 8,  023 

Aug.     4, 1899.  To  Meycauayan,  Balucan 9 

Dec.    25, 1899.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan,  via  Manila 445 

Nov.  — ,  1900.  To  Echague,  Isabela 145 

Jan.    — ,  1902.  To  Ilagan,  Isabela. 40 

June     1, 1902.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan 106 

June  12, 1902.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki 7,  056 

July    15,1902.  To  Fort  Slocum,  N.  Y 3,240 

Sept.     1, 1904.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 876 

May    19, 1905.  To  San  Francisco,  Cal 2,  760 

May    31, 1905.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu,  Guam,  etc 7,  893 

June  27, 1905.  To  Fort  William  McKinley,  Rizal 6 

Aug.   14, 1907.  To  Manila 6 

Aug.   15, 1907.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki  and  Honolulu 7, 456 

Sept.  17,1907.  To  Fort  L.  H.  Roots,  Ark 2,310 


50,  780 
Company  E,  Sixteenth  Infantry,  since  1898. 

Miles. 

Apr.  — ,  1898.  From  Fort  Spokane,  Wash.,  to  Chickamauga,  Ga 2,  415 

May   12,1898.  To  Tampa,  Fla 725 

June  13, 1898.  To  Santiago,  Cuba 1,  500 

Aug.     8, 1898.  To  Camp  Wykoff.  Montauk  Point,  N.  Y 1,  900 

Sept.  19, 1898.  To  Huntsville,  Ala 1,  086 

Jan.    25, 1899.  To  Fort  Crook,  Nebr 1,  300 

May    23, 1899.  To  San  Francisco 1,  852 

May    30, 1899.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu  and  north  end  Luzon 8,  023 

Aug.     4, 1899.  To  San  Fernando,  Pampanga 39 

Aug.  15, 1899.  To  Cavite,  Cavite 59 

Sept.  25, 1899.  To  Apalit,  Pampanga 51 

Dec.  25, 1899.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan,  via  Manila 487 

Jan.    T-,  1900.  To  Tuguegarao,  Cagayan 64 

Feb.  —,1900.  To  Ilagan,  Cagayan 42 

Jan.    — ,  1902.  To  Echague,  Isabela 40 

June     1, 1902.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan 145 

June  12, 1902.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki 7,  056 

July   15, 1902.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 2,  760 

Nov.  19, 1904,  To  St.  Louis,  Mo 611 

Jan.    28, 1905.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 611 

May   19,1905.  To  San  Francisco 2,760 

May   31, 1905.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu,  Guam,  etc 7,  893 

June  27, 1905.  To  Malahi  Island.  Laguna 31 

Jan.    31, 1906.  To  Fort  William  McKinley,  Rizal 25 

Aug.  13, 1906.  To  Tacloban,  Leyte,  and  vicinity 462 

Mar.  — ,  1907.  To  Fort  William  McKinley,  Rizal 462 

Aug.  14, 1907.  To  Manila 6 

Aug.  15, 1907.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki  and  Honolulu 7,  456 

Sept.  17,1907.  To  Fort  Crook,  Nebr 1,852 


51,  713 
Company  F,  Sixteenth  Infantry,  since  1898. 

Miles. 

Apr.  — ,  1898.  From  Fort  Sherman,  Idaho,  to  Chickamauga,  Ga 2,  408 

May    12,1898.  To  Tampa,  Fla • 725 

June  13, 1898.  To  Santiago,  Cuba 1,  500 

Aug.     8, 1898.  To  Camp  Wykoff,  Montauk  Point,  N.  Y 1,  900 

Sept.  19, 1898.  To  Huntsville,  Ala 1,  086 

Feb.  11,1899.  To  Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo 462 


PAY   OF   OFFICEES   AND   ENLISTED   MEN    OF   THE   ARMY.  95 

Miles. 

May   23, 1899.  To  San  Francisco ,  2,  258 

May   30, 1899.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu  and  north  end  Luzon 8, 023 

Aug.     4, 1899.  To  Guiginto,  Bulacan 19 

Dec.  25, 1899.  To  Aparrj ,  Cagayan,  via  Manila 455 

Jan.    — ,  1900.  To  Tugnegarao,  Cagayan 64 

Feb.  — ,  1900.  To  Ilagan,  Isabela 42 

Jan.    — ,  1902.  To  Echague,  Isabela 40 

June     1, 1902.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan 145 

June  12, 1902.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki 7,  056 

July   15, 1902.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 2,  760 

Nov.  19,1904.  To  St.  Louis,  Mo 611 

Jan.    28, 1905.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 611 

May    19,1905.  To  San  Francisco 2,760 

May   31, 1905.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu,  Guam,  etc 7,  893 

June  27, 1905.  To  Malahi  Island,  Laguna 31 

Oct.      7,1905.  To  Fort  William  McKinley,  Rizal 25 

Aug.  13, 1906.  To  Tacloban,  Leyte,  and  vicinity 462 

Mar.  — ,  1907.  To  Fort  William  McKinley,  Rizal 462 

Aug.  14, 1907.  To  Manila ^. 6 

Aug.  15, 1907.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki'and  Honolulu 7, 456 

Sept.  17,1907.  To  Fort  Crook,  Nebr 1,852 

51,112 
Company  G,  Sixteenth  Infantry,  since  1898. 

Miles. 

Apr.  — ,  1898.  From  Fort  Sherman,  Idaho,  to  Chickamauga,  Ga 2, 408 

May    12, 1898.  To  Tampa,  Fla 725 

June  13, 1898.  To  Santiago,  Cuba 1,  500 

Aug.     8, 1898.  To  Camp  Wykoff,  Montauk  Point,  N.  Y 1,  900 

Sept.  19,1898.  To  Huntsville,  Ala 1,086 

Feb.     8,1899.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 239 

Mar.   17, 1899.  To  Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo 625 

May   23, 1899.  To  San  Francisco 2,  258 

May   30, 1899.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu  and  north  end  Luzon 8, 023 

Aug.     4, 1899.  To  La  Lomboy  Convent,  Bulacan 14 

Dec.  25, 1899.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan,  via  Manila.' 450 

Jan.    — ,  1900.  To  Ilagan,  Isabela 106 

Feb.  — ,  1900.  To  Tuguegarao,  Cagayan 42 

Jan.    — ,  1902.  To  Echague,  Isabela 81 

July     1, 1902.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan 145 

July   10, 1902.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki 7, 056 

Aug.  28, 1902.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 2,  760 

Nov.  19,1904.  To  St.  Louis,  Mo 611 

Jan.    28, 1905.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 611 

May    19, 1905.  To  San  Francisco 2,  760 

May   31, 1905.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu  and  Guam,  etc 7, 893 

June  27, 1905.  To  Malahi  Island,  Laguna 31 

Oct.      7, 1905.  To  Fort  William  McKinley,  Rizal 25 

Aug.  13, 1906.  To  Tacloban,  Leyte,  and  vicinity 462 

Mar.     4, 1907.  To  Fort  William  McKinley,  Rizal 462 

Aug.  14, 1907.  To  Manila 6 

Aug.  15, 1907.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki  and  Honolulu 7, 456 

Sept.  17,1907.  To  Fort  Crook,  Nebr 1,852 

51,  587 
Company  H,  Sixteenth  Infantry,  since  1898. 

Miles. 

Apr.   — ,  1898.  From  Fort  Sherman,  Idaho,  to  Chickamauga,  Ga 2, 408 

May   12, 1898.  To  Tampa,  Fla 725 

June  13,1898.  To  Santiago,  Cuba 1,500 

Aug.     8, 1898.  To  Camp  Wykoff,  Montauk  Point,  N.  Y 1,  900 

Sept.  19, 1898.  To  Huntsville,  Ala 1,086 

Jan.    25,1899.  To  Fort  Crook,  Nebr 1,300 

May    23,1899.  To  San  Francisco 1,852 

May   30, 1899.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu  and  north  end  Luzon 8, 023 

Aug.     4, 1899.  To  San  Fernando,  Pampanga 39 

Aug.  15, 1899.  To  Cavite,  Cavite 59 


96  PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF   THE   ARMY. 

Miles. 

Sept.  25, 1899.  To  Malolos,  Bulacan 44 

Oct.      2, 1899.  To  Calumpit,  Bulacan 5 

Dec.  25, 1899.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan,  via  Manila 465 

Jan.    — ,  1900.  To  Ilagan,  Isabela 106 

Feb.  — ,  1900.  To  Tuguegarao,  Cagayan 42 

Jan.    — ,  1902.  To  Echague,  Isabela 81  « 

July     1, 1902.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan 145  J 

July   10, 1902.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki 7, 056  1 

Aug.  28, 1902.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 2,  760 

Nov.  19,1904.  To  St.  Louis,  Mo 611 

Jan.    28,1905.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 611 

May    19, 1905.  To  San  Francisco 2,  760 

May   31, 1905.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu,  Guam,  etc. 7,  893 

June  27, 1905.  To  Malahi  Island,  Laguna 31 

Oct.      7, 1905.  To  Fort  William  McKinley,  Rizal 25 

Aug.  13, 1906.  To  Tacloban,  Leyte,  and  vicinity 462 

Feb.  28, 1907.  To  Fort  William  McKinley,  Rizal 462 

Aug.  14,1907.  ToManila 6 

Aug.  15, 1907.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki  and  Honolulu 7, 456 

Sept.  17,1907.  To  Fort  Crook,  Nebr 1,852 


51,  765 
Company  I,  Sixteenth  Infantry,  since  organization. 

[Organized  at  Santiago,  Cuba,  July  13,  1898.] 

Miles. 

Aug.     8,1898.  From  Santiago  to  Camp  Wykoff,  Montauk 1,900 

Sept.  19, 1898.  To  Huntsville,  Ala 1, 086 

Feb.   11, 1899.  To  Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo 462 

May   23, 1899.  To  San  Francisco 2,  258 

May   30, 1899.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu  and  north  end  Luzon 8, 023 

Aug.     4, 1899.  To  Bigaa,  Bulacan 17 

Dec.  25, 1899.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan,  via  Manila 453 

Feb.   14, 1900.  To  Bagabag,  Nueva  Vizcaya 182 

May   — ,  1900.  To  Echague,  Isabela 37 

Dec.  — ,  1900.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan 145 

June  12, 1902.  To  San.  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki 7, 056 

July    15,1902.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 2,760 

Nov.  19,1904.  To  St.  Louis,  Mo 611 

Jan.    28, 1905.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 611 

May    19, 1905.  To  San  Francisco,  Cal 2,  760 

May    31, 1905.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu  and  Guam,  etc 7,  893 

June  27, 1905.  To  Fort  William  McKinley,  Rizal 6 

Aug.  14, 1907.  To  Manila 6 

Aug.  15, 1907.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki  and  Honolulu 7,  456 

Sept.  17,1907.  To  Fort  Crook,  Nebr 1,852 

45,  574 
Company  K,  Sixteenth  Infantry,  since  organization. 

[Organized  at  Santiago,  Cuba,  July  13, 1898.] 

Miles. " 

Aug.     8, 1898.  From  Santiago  to  Camp  Wykoff,  Montauk,  N.  Y 1,  900 

Sept.  19,1898.  To  Huntsville,  Ala 1,086 

Mar.     4, 1899.  To  Chickamauga,  Ga 108 

Mar.     9, 1899.  To  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans 796 

May    23,1899.  To  San  Francisco 2,064 

May    30, 1899.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu  and  north  end  Luzon 8, 023 

Aug.     4, 1899.  To  Polo,  Bulacan 7 

Dec.   25, 1899.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan,  via  Manila 443 

Feb.   14, 1900.  To  Solano,  Nueva  Vizcaya 191 

May   — ,  1900.  To  Echague,  Isabela 46 

Dec.  — ,  1900.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan 145 

June  12, 1902.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki 7, 056 

July    15, 1902.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 2,  760 

Jan.    20, 1904.  To  Columbia  Arsenal,  Tenn 297 

July     1,1904.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 297 


PAY   OF   OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE   ARMY.  97 

Miles. 

Nov.  19, 1904.  To  St.  Louis,  Mo 611 

Jan.    28, 1905.  To  Fort  McPhcrson,  Ga 611 

May    19, 1905.  To  San  Francisco 2,  760 

May    31, 1905,  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu,  Guam,  etc 7,  893 

June  27, 1905.  To  Fort  William  McKinley ,  Rizal 6 

July    19, 1906.  To  San  Mateo,  Rizal 7 

Nov.  24, 1906.  To  Fort  William  McKinley,  Rizal 7 

Aug.   14, 1907.  To  Manila : . .  6 

Aug.   15, 1907.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki  and  Honolulu 7,  456 

Sept.  17, 1907.  To  Fort  Crook,  Nebr 1,  852 


46, 428 
Company  L,  Sixteenth  Infantry,  since  organization. 

[Organized  at  Camp  Wyko£f,  Montauk  Point,  September  13-14,  1898.] 

Miles. 

Sept.  19, 1898.  To  Huntsville,  Ala 1,  086 

■Jan.     25, 1899.  To  Fort  Crook,  Nebr ; 1,  300 

May    23, 1899.  To  San  Francisco,  Cal 1,  852 

May    30, 1899.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu  and  north  end  Luzon 8,  023 

Aug.      4, 1899.  To  San  Fernando,  Pampanga 39 

Aug.    15, 1899.  To  Cavite,  Cavite 59 

Sept.  25, 1899.  To  Calumpit,  Bulacan '       49 

Dec.    25, 1899.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan,  via  Manila 465 

Feb.    14, 1900.  -To  Bayombong,  Nueva  Vizcaya 182 

May    — ,  1900.  To  Echague,  Isabela 50 

Dec.    — ,  1900.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan 145 

June    12, 1902.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki 7,  056 

July    15, 1902.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 2,  760 

Nov.    19, 1904.  To  St.  Louis,  Mo 611 

Jan.     28, 1905.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 611 

May    19, 1905.  To  San  Francisco,  Cal 2,  760 

May    31, 1905.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu,  Guam,  etc 7,  893 

June    27, 1905.  To  Fort  William  McKinley,  Rizal 6 

Aug.    14, 1907.  To  Manila 6 

Aug.    15, 1907.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki  and  Henolulu 7,  456 

Sept.  17,1907.  To  Fort  Crook,  Nebr 1,852 


44,  261 
Company  M,  Sixteenth  Infantry,  since  organization. 

[Organized  at  Camp  Wykoff,  Montauk  Point,  September  13-14, 1898.] 

Miles. 

Sept.  19, 1898.  To  Huntsville,  Ala 1,  086 

Feb.    11, 1899.  To  Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo 462 

May    23, 1899.  To  San  Francisco 2,  258 

May    30,1899.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu  and  north  end  Luzon 8,023 

'Aug.     4, 1899.  To  La  Lomboy  Convent,  Bulacan 14 

Nov    23, 1899.  To  Bulacan,  Bulacan 6 

Dec.    24, 1899.  To  Manila 20 

Dec.    25, 1899.  To  Aparri,  Cagayan 436 

Feb.    — ,  1900.  To  Cordon,  Isabela 160 

May    — ,  1900.  To  Echague,  Isabela 15 

Dec.    — ,  1900.  To  Apaui,  Cagayan 145 

July    10, 1902.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki 7,  056 

Aug.    28, 1902.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 2,  760 

Nov,    19, 1904.  To  St.  Louis,  Mo 611 

Jan.     28, 1905.  To  Fort  McPherson,  Ga 611 

May    19, 1905.  To  San  Francisco,  Cal 2,  760 

May     31, 1905.  To  Manila,  via  Honolulu,  Guam,  etc 7,  893 

June    27, 1905.  To  Fort  William  McKinley,  Rizal 6 

Aug.    14, 1907.  To  Manila 6 

Aug.    15, 1907.  To  San  Francisco,  via  Nagasaki  and  Honolulu 7,  456 

Sept.  17, 1907.  To  Fort  Crook,  Nebr 1,  852 

43,  636 
18386—07 7 


98  PAY   OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    MEN    OF   THE   AEMY. 

Sales  and  Issue  Commissary, 
Quemados  de  Marianao,  Cuba,  September  15,  1907. 
Capt.  Johnson  Hagood, 

Coast  Artillery  Corps,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Sir:  The  pay  of  the  enlisted  men  is,  I  belieye,  of  more  vital  importance,  as  without 
trained  enlisted  men  the  most  brilliant  officer  is  quite  as  valueless  as  the  most  worth- 
less, until  he  has  been  able  to  train  uj)  the  new  material,  and  all  this  takes  time.  As 
this  has  been  gone  over  many  times  it  is  not  deemed  advisable  to  continue  on  this  line 
of  argument. 

Under  my  own  observation  have  come  many  instances  of  excellent  men  who  have 
left  the  service,  not  because  of  dissatisfaction  with  it,  but  because  they  could  not  afford 
to  stay.  While  in  command  of  the  One  hundred  and  seventeenth  Company,  Coast 
Artillery,  at  Fort  Moultrie,  S.  C,  two  of  my  sergeants — one  after  three  years'  and  the 
other  after  eight  years'  service — failed  to  reenlist;  not  because  of  dislike  for  the  service, 
but  because  the  $60  per  month  that  they  could  get  on  the  outside  was  more  attractive 
to  them.  Many  instances  of  this  kind  can  be  cited.  I  presume  I  could  quote  over  100 
from  about  three  years'  duty  with  line  troops.  Since  being  in  Cuba  the  sergeant-major 
of  the  Twenty-seventh  Infantry  failed  to  reenlist  after  about  eighteen  years'  service 
because  he  could  not  afford  it. 

Working  directly  under  me  are  two  post  commissary-sergeants.  These  men  are 
directly  responsible  for  the  receipt,  sale,  and  issue  of  about  |20,000  worth  of  subsistence 
stores  each  month;  they  check  in  all  stores,  make  all  sales  and  issues,  and  do  all  paper 
work  in  connection  therewith.  Of  course  I  supervise  all  matters,  but  I  can  not 
attend  to  all  the  minute  details,  so  I  am  dependent  upon  these  two  sergeants  for  the 
proper  care,  handling,  and  accounting  for  the  stores.  It  would  be  no  jexaggeration  to 
say  that  men  occupying  positions  of  equal  responsibility  in  civil  life  would  receive  at 
least  $3,000  or  $4,000  per  year  salary.  These  two  men,  for  their  hard  work  and  great 
responsibility,  receive  $41  per  month  pay,  with  a  20  per  cent  increase  for  foreign  serv- 
ice; also  rations,  clothing,  etc.  In  the  paper  work  they  have  the  assistance  of  one 
civilian  clerk,  who  has  no  responsibility  whatever,  who  receives  $60  per  month  pay 
and  a  per  diem  allowance  of  not  to  exceed  $3  per  day  expense  money,  making  his  pay 
about  $150  per  month. 

One  of  my  sergeants  has  a  standing  offer  of  $125  per  month  as  an  assistant  cashier  of 
a  bank  as  soon  as  he  sees  fit  to  accept  it;  he  has  not  done  so  as  yet,  hoping  that  Congress 
will  make  his  pay  commensurate  with  the  duties  and  responsibilities  of  his  position. 
My  $75  a  month  butcher  was  an  enlisted  man  of  six  years'  service  who  could  not  see 
that  he  could  afford  to  reenlist  and  was  discharged;  character,  "excellent." 

A  quartef master-teamster  gets  $40  per  month  with  rations  and  quarters;  this  is  as 
much  as  a  post  noncommissioned  staff  officer  of  ten  years'  service  gets  under  existing 
laws. 

It  is  my  opinion  that  the  present  first  enlistment  pay  of  a  private  should  be  advanced 
but  little,  to  not  over  $15  per  month;  at  end  of  second  year  give  an  increase  of  $1, 
making  $16  for  third  year;  then  $17  for  fourth  year  and  $18  for  fifth  year;  then  $26 
for  sixth  to  tenth  year,  $27  for  eleventh  to  fifteenth  year,  $28  for  sixteenth  to  twen- 
tieth year,  $30  for  twenty-first  to  twenty-fifth  year,  and  $32  for  twenty-fifth  to  thirtieth 
year.  To  this  add  $10  per  month  for  corporal's  pay,  equal  to  the  pay  of  a  private  on 
special  duty,  so  that  he  can  not  say.  "Why,  Captain,  I  would  like  to  be  a  corporal, 
but  1  will  lose  $96  a  year  by  giving  up  my  special-duty  job."  Then  add  $20  per 
month  to  a  private's  pay  for  a  sergeant,  and  add  $30  per  month  for  a  first  sergeant. 
Then  for  post  (quartermaster  and  post  commissary  sergeants  add  $55  per  month  to 
the  pay  of  a  private,  with  all  allowances,  and  you  will  be  able  to  fill  up  the  Army 
with  a  bright,  sturdy,  intelligent  set  of  men  who  will  stay  in  the  service  and  make  it 
their  occupation.  The  position  of  noncommissioned  officer  must  be  made  so  attract- 
ive that  young  men  of  good  education  will  come  into  the  service  with  the  intention 
of  remaining.  The  position  must  be  made  worth  enough  more  than  that  of  a  private 
that  worthy  noncommissioned  officers — the  class  of  men  we  want  to  keep  in  the  Army, 
but  the  class  that  is  constantly  leaving  to  accept  positions  in  civil  life— will  remain 
to  fill  these  positions. 

The  position  of  post  noncommissioned  staff  officer  in  requirements  and  responsi- 
bilities is  far  above  all  others.  Post  noncommissioned  staff  officers  are  required  to  be 
responsible  for  great  amounts  of  stores  and  property  and  also  must  be  able  to  make 
out  a  set  of  papers  that  will  pass  the  scrutiny  of  dozens  of  expert  clerks  in  Washington. 
He  must  be  thoroughly  honest,  capable,  and  reliable  or  he  is  a  failure,  and  you  know 
that  very  few  of  them  are  failures. 

It  is  ridiculous  that  a  post  commissary-sergeant  should  receive  the  pay  he  does, 
while  his  counterpart  in  the  Navy,  the  commissary  steward  or  yeoman,  receives  $65 
to  $75  per  month.  Why  a  sergeant  of  engineers,  who,  so  far  as  I  have  seen,  knows 
no  more  than  a  sergeant  of  infantry  and  is  not  required  to  have  as  much  technical 


PAY    OF    OFFICERS   AND   ENLISTED    lij^If  W  *^HE   AKIV^.  99 

knowledge  as  a  sergeant  of  artillery,  should  ^^t.as'/mucli  pAy]  a'^  'j?/'i^^t,  iqLfpommis- 
sioned  staff  officer  is  beyond  my  understanding.'   If  a  sergeant  c»f  eiigihe6i-S fefiOuld  get 
$34  per  month,  a  post  noncommissioned  staff  officer  should  get  $100  per  month. 
Very  respectfully, 

Leo  F.  Foster, 
Captain,  Commissary,  U.  S.  Army. 


MEMORANDUM   FOR    CAPTAIN    HAGOOD. 

Company  H,  Seventh  Infantry,  returned  from  Philippine  Islands  in  December, 
1905,  and  took  station  at  Fort  Missoula,  Mont. ;  was  filled  up  to  full  strength  in  Febru- 
ary, 1906,  and  changed  station  to  Fort  Wayne,  Mich. ,  in  October,  1906. 

By  the  summer  of  1906,  the  strength  had  fallen  by  discharges  to  below  45,  and  has 
averaged  below  that  figure  ever  since  in  spite  of  the  most  strenuous  efforts  to  fill 
company. 

The  undersigned  has  done  all  in  his  power  to  induce  men  to  reenlist,  but  nearly  all 
discharged  men  have  returned  to  civil  life  and  taken  positions  paying  much  more  than 
they  could  make  in  the  service. 

In  Montana  common  laborers  could  easily  make  from  $3  to  $4  per  day.  At  Detroit 
common  labor  is  not  so  well  paid,  but  all  workmen  are  in  great  demand  and  skilled  labor- 
ers receive  very  high  wages,  while  board  and  lodging  are  cheap. 

One  private  on  discharge  immediately  went  to  work  as  a  railway  brakeman  at  $100 
per  month;  another  as  fireman  at  $60  per  month  and  board;  a  third  as  bartender  at  $60 
per  month. 

Two  sergeants — excellent  soldiers  and  worth  a  great  deal  to  the  Government — on  dis- 
charge took  railway  positions  paying  over  $75  per  month. 

About  one  man  in  eight  reenlists,  although  a  few  more  eventually  return. 

The  strength  has  been  so  small  that  practical  instruction  in  more  than  squad  drill  has 
been  almost  impossible.  The  company  attended  the  American  Lake  maneuvers  in 
the  fall  of  1906  with  about  30  men.  It  was  rare  that  more  than  20  could  be  turned  out 
for  an  exercise.  At  the  grand  review  at  American  Lake,  before  distinguished  soldiers 
of  many  nations,  the  whole  battalion  turned  out  less  than  80  men,  while  this  company 
presented  the  imposing  total  of  1  officer  and  13  men  in  ranks. 

Repeatedly  at  this  post  companies  have  had  to  be  consolidated  to  make  a  decent 
showing.  We  habitually  have  battalion  parades  with  two  battalions  consolidated  into 
one  of  four  companies. 

Last  spring  while  this  battalion  was  at  the  target  camp  it  was  necessary  to  take  all  but 
about  20  men  in  order  to  fill  another  battalion  up  to  55  men  per  company  to  attend  a 
function  at  Indianapolis.  Likewise,  Iti  order  to  fill  our  companies  to  50  men  to  attend 
the  Camp  Perry  rifle  shoot,  it  was  necessary  to  attach  nearly  the  entire  effective  strength 
of  the  first  battalion. 

This  consolidation  of  organizations  can  not  fail  to  be  injurious  to  all  concerned. 

A  few  days  ago  the  entire  Seventh  Infantry  (less  very  small  guards  left  at  stations) 
attended  the  McKinley  memorial  exercises  at  Canton,  Ohio.  The  total  strength 
present  on  the  train  was  406  enlisted  men — 12  companies  and  band. 

The  company  has  at  present  10  privates  for  duty.  This  number  has  recently  varied 
from  15  to  6. 

How  can  efficiency  be  kept  up  under  such  conditions? 

The  best  company  commanders  can  hope  to  do  is  to  keep  up  the  nucleus  of  a  com- 
pany. 

The  regiment  is  now  under  orders  for  Philippine  service  in  April  next.  About  one- 
fourth  of  the  men  have  said  they  will  reenlist  for  this  service,  so  the  company  will 
doubtless,  go  to  the  islands  filled  up  with  recruits. 

Frequent  changes  of  station  work  hardship  on  enlisted  men  as  well  as  officers  by 
requiring  excessive  outlays  for  clothing.  For  example,  this  company  was  equipped 
with  khaki  until  December,  1905,  then  used  service  blue  until  July,  1907  (except  at 
the  American  Lake  maneuvers,  when  khaki  had  to  be  drawn).  Last  winter  the  olive- 
drab  overcoat  was  issued  and  the  full  olive-drab  in  July  last.  In  March  khaki  will  have 
to  be  drawn.  Result,  nearly  every  man  in  debt  for  clothing  at  each  settlement  and 
his  meagre  pay  further  reduced. 

Fort  Wayne  is  considered  by  soldiers  as  a  good  station  and  conditions  here  are  above 
the  average. 

C.  D.  Roberts, 
Captain,  Seventh  Infantry,  Commanding  Company  H. 

Fort  Wayne,  Mich.,  October  5,  1907. 


100  P^.i^  OF    O^'^qj^^^^D   ENLISTED    MEN    OF    THE    AEMY. 

A    CAFTAil{  ^^■iX^^TRY'MRl'i^^^'-A^V'OLLOWS    FROM    SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL.,    UNDER 
"    ''    ■    "    '  "^'"        '   'date    of    SEPTEMBER  7,  1907. 

My  pay  is  $210  per  month  in  the  United  States;  $231  per  month  in  foreign  service. 
My  lamily  consists  of  my  wife  and  3  children,  all  three  under  12,  and  thus  entitled  to 
half  rates  on  trains  and  transports. 

During  February,  1906,  I  proceeded  with  my  regiment  to  the  Philippine  Islands, 
taking  my  family  with  me.  Including  a  payment  I  made  for  transporting  my  house- 
hold effects  (over  my  allowance)  to  a  place  for  storage  during  my  tour  in  the  islands, 
the  change  of  station  cost  me  over  $600.  This  without  counting  the  many  additional 
expenses  caused  by  every  move  but  not  included  in  actual  expenses.  I  can  not  give 
you  details  at  this  date,  and  as  a  matter  of  fact  the  statement  is  only  preliminary  to 
what  is  coming. 

In  March,  1907,  a  little  more  than  a  year  after,  my  wife  became  so  ill  that  it  was 
necessary  for  her  to  return  to  the  United  States.  I  was  in  the  field  at  the  time.  She, 
with  the  children,  proceeded  from  Camp  Jossman  to  Manila,  where  her  condition 
became  so  bad  that  an  immediate  operation  became  necessary  and  I  was  telegraphed 
for.  My  wife  remained  in  hospital  three  months  and  her  condition  was  then  such  that 
I  was  obliged  to  take  a  leave  of  absence  to  take  her  and  my  family  to  her  home — Detroit, 
Mich. — where  I  could  leave  her  in  care  of  her  mother.  During  the  period  she  was  in 
hospital  my  absolutely  necessary  monthly  expenses  in  the  city  of  Manila  were  as 
follows: 

Board  per  day  for  self $2 

Board  per  day  for  3  children 3 

Board  per  day  for  wife  in  hospital 2 

Total 7 

Board  per  month 210 

Pay  of  nurse  for  children 15 

Laundry  per  month 20 

Total  actual  monthly  expense r 245 

The  above  does  not  include  car  fare,  clothing,  or  anything  except  mere  cost  of 
living,  and  these  expenses  could  not  in  any  way  be  avoided. 

On  June  14  we  sailed  for  the  United  States  on  transport  Logan,  were  thirty-four 
days  en  route,  with  expenses  as  follows: 

Meals $119 

LaunHry 12 

Necessary  tips 20 

Total 151 

In  San  Francisco,  where  we  remained  twenty-four  hours,  my  expenses  for  transfers, 
board,  etc..  amounted  to  $12.  To  take  my  family  across  the  continent  to  Detroit  the 
cost  was  as  follows: 

Fare $238 

Pullman,  3  sections 56 

Meals,  four  and  a  half  days 50 

Total 344 

So,  then,  we  have  for  expense  from  March  15  to  July  22 — four  months — ^the  following: 

Expenses  in  Manila,  three  months 735 

Expenses  on  sea,  one  month 151 

Expenses  across  continent,  one  month 356 

Total  expenses,  four  months 1,  242 

Pay  for  this  period 915 

The  above  account  gives  a  statement  of  bare  lining.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  including 
the  $200  I  am  obliged  to  pay  to  take  me  to  my  station  at  Manila  (I  am  now  en  route), 
I  have  spent  since  March  last  $1,400  outside  of  my  pay,  using  every  possible  economy 
and  with  no  social  recreations,  my  wife  being  too  sick.  Our  joint  bills  for  clothing 
would  not  amount  to  less  than  $200. 

The  conditions  were  exceptional,  but  they  occurred. 

O 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


AN  INITIAL  FINE  OP  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  SO  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $1.00  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
OVERDUE. 


^h^JU^ 


ti:-^    J.5  m^ 


^£^^4^qfet 


LD  21-95m-7/37 


yc  63105 


u . 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


ii 


